Abstract: An arc discharge lamp comprises a ceramic arc tube having an electrode at each end, each electrode being mounted on a support member. A ceramic adapter is sealed to a ceramic cylinder which is sealed to the end of the arc tube. The support member extends through the cylinder into the adapter where it is connected to an externally extending lead-in wire by means of a spiral refractory-metal connector. The connector is flexible enough to withstand the thermal stresses resulting from the normal high operating temperature of the lamp.

Abstract: To permit direct melting-in of a rod or wire-shaped conductor through a gs wall of quartz glass (thermal coefficient of expansion: 5-6.10.sup.-7 /.degree.C.) in which the wire, for example, is tungsten (thermal coefficient of expansion: 45.10.sup.-7 /.degree.C.), two or more glasses having intermediate thermal coefficients of expansion are melted on, sequentially, on the conductor, and a final glass is applied thereto which, preferably, is the same as the quartz glass of the lamp envelope, and of very short axial length. The axial lengths of the respective glass coatings, sequentially applied, decrease with the first glass having a sufficient length to prevent any overlap of the second glass directly over the conductor, the quartz glass being preferably applied in form of a short cylinder, e.g. 4 mm long, for a 2 mm diameter tungsten conductor rod, so that, when melted together, the further glass layer, or layers, over the first one and the quartz cylinder form a circumferential bead of low heat capacity.

Abstract: An electric discharge tube is provided with a hermetically sealed leadthrough which electrically connects electrodes on the inner and outer walls of the envelope. The leadthrough consists of an aperture in the envelope having a conductive layer provided on the wall of the aperture. The aperture is hermetically sealed by means of a plug of thermally devitrified glass which is provided in the form of a suspension of a devitrified glass powder in an organic binder. To manufacture the leadthrough, the envelope of the tube is subjected to temperature treatments in which at a first temperature range the binder is fired from the suspension in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, and at a second temperature range the devitrifiable glass is devitrified in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. A hermetically sealed leadthrough results, without excessive oxidation of the electrodes, while the deformation of the glass envelope at the area of the leadthrough is avoided.

Abstract: There is disclosed herein a glass-to-metal seal construction especially adapted for use in the fabrication of devices of the compact arc discharge lamp or gas discharge laser type.

Abstract: An electrode for a miniature high pressure metal vapor lamp comprises a slender tungsten shank joined to a molybdenum inlead by a weld knot. The shank diameter is chosen above the size where melt-back starts at the intended lamp current and is provided wth a fine wire overwind fitting loosely thereon and retained in place by frictional engagement with the weld knot. The overwind reduces breakdown voltage and assures rapid glow-to-arc transition.

Abstract: A magnetron includes an evacuated envelope having a sealing flange attached thereto, a filament electrode within the envelope and an anode electrode surrounding the filament electrode. One end of the filament electrode is electrically connected to a filament flange assembly. The other end of the filament electrode is connected to a filament post assembly which is insulated from the filament flange assembly. The filament flange assembly has a radially projecting, substantially flat annular sealing flange extending therefrom. The annular sealing flange of the filament flange assembly is hermetically joined to the envelope. Electrical connections to the filament electrode are made by means of a pair of substantially rectangular terminals having a flat contact surface attached to the filament flange assembly and the filament post assembly respectively.

Abstract: In electric lamps having a lamp envelope (20) of a type of glass containing at least 95% by weight of SiO.sub.2, the current leadthrough conductors (22, 23) usually consist of molybdenum foils to which internal (26, 27) and external (24, 25) current conductors are welded.After welding and upon making the pinch seal (21) of the lamp vessel (20), fracture frequently occurs in the molybdenum foils (22, 23).Molybdenum foils (22, 23) in which yttrium oxide particles are dispersed in a quantity of 1/4-1% of the molybdenum weight, have proved to be considerably stronger than similar thickness molybdenum foils containing no yttrium oxide.

Abstract: A double sealed technique in an evacuated quartz jacket produces an electrical feedthrough assembly suitable for use in sealed-off, pulse, longitudinal discharge lasers compatible with operating temperatures of up to 1100.degree. C. without oxidation and with a minimum of circuit inductance.

Abstract: In electric lamps a type of glass is used for the envelope which, in many cases, has a coefficient of expansion which differs considerably from that of the current supply conductors. Therefore, special measures have to be taken to seal the lamp envelope in a vacuum-tight manner around the current supply conductors.The invention provides a simple, vacuum-tight seal of a lamp envelope (1), which seal consists of a metal plug (8, 9, 11) which is sealed both to the glass of the lamp envelope (1) and to the current supply wires (4, 5, 10).The metal plug (8, 9, 11) of 100 parts by weight of a first metal (tin and/or lead) 0.05-1 parts by weight of a second metal (titanium, zirconium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum, and vanadium) has a strong adhering power and a large ductility.

Abstract: In electric lamps according to the invention the alkali-alumino-borosilicate glass of the pinch seal of the lamp envelope is directly fused to the molybdenum current supply wire of diameter D. A vacuum-tight seal is obtained in that the glass inside the lamp envelope extends over the current supply wire in a layer which is thinner than D/2 at least over a length of D/2. For use in both incandescent and discharge lamps.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electric lamp having a pinch seal in which a molybdenum foil is incorporated as a current leadthrough conductor. An external current conductor is connected to the foil. As a result of differences in coefficients of expansion, a capillary space is present around the external current conductor, through which space oxidizing gas can reach the molybdenum foil. Oxidation of the foil involves an increase of its volume and results in crack of the pinch seal.In lamps according to the invention a metal plug is provided around the external current conductor, said plug being sealed to said current conductor and to the glass of the pinch seal and sealing the capillary space in a vacuum-tight manner.

Abstract: A glass-to-glass seal with an intervening layer of metal oxide is made using a frit containing a high lead content and a metallic nucleating agent. The metal oxide may optionally be used to provide conductive paths through the seal without embedded metallic conductors.

Abstract: An electric lamp comprises a reflector envelope having a sealed tungsten-halogen lamp disposed therein. The lead-in conductor supports for the lamp extend through, and are connected to, metal eyelets which extend through holes in the reflector and are fastened to the reflector.

Abstract: Electric lamps having a simple, strong and reliable current lead-through construction according to the invention have, on a tungsten lead-through conductor, a first glass layer on which and between the ends of which a second glass layer is provided. The wall of the lamp vessel is fused to the second layer. Glasses having at least 95% by weight of SiO.sub.2 are used for the layer and also for the wall of the lamp vessel.

Abstract: The current leadthrough for the auxiliary electrode of a discharge lamp with ceramic lamp vessel is constructed as a cylindrical tube concentric with the leadthrough of the main electrode. The cylindrical tube which serves as a current leadthrough can extend in the lamp vessel and serve itself as an auxiliary electrode. This construction avoids cracking of the lamp vessel. Niobium and tantalum, tungsten molybdenum, rhenium and alloys thereof may be used for the current leadthrough.

Abstract: Electric discharge tube having a hollow cylindrical bulb formed either of a ceramic material or from sapphire having first and second open ends. First and second end caps or closure members are fitted over the ends to form capillary action passages between the first and second closure members and the end portion of the bulb member such that solder will flow when heated to join the members together on cooling of the solder. One or more of the end closure members may have a metallized surface formed thereon. The end closure members may extend along either the inside or the outside surface of the cylindrical bulb member or both the inside and the outside surfaces of the bulb member. A hollow cylindrical ceramic member may be fitted to the end portion of the bulb member and itself be fitted with a plurality of closure members at one of its ends and a third hollow ceramic member at its other end to form an air-tight sealed tube.

Abstract: An improved anode connector assembly for a cathode ray tube comprises a resilient rubber cap having a cavity receiving a U-shaped metal bracket which opens toward the outer end of the cavity. The bracket is interengaged with the cap against displacement relative thereto, and a bare end portion of an insulated anode supply conductor extends through the cap into overlying relationship with the bridge portion of the bracket and is bent to form a loop. A U-shaped metal clip having leg portions for engaging the anode button has its bridging portion disposed in the cap cavity in overlying relationship with respect to the conductor loop. A threaded fastener extends through the bridging portion of the clip, through the loop and into threaded engagement with the bridging portion of the bracket. The fastener secures the conductor wire between the bridging portions and secures the clip to the bracket against displacement from the cap cavity.

Abstract: Dispersion strengthened copper leads are used for inner and/or outer leads in electric lamps.

Abstract: An electrode-inlead assembly comprises a small tungsten pin which is joined on axis to a fine molybdenum wire adapted to sealing through fused silica. The join is effected by a laser butt weld which permits a symmetric compact seal thereby making possible very small discharge envelopes having minimum end losses. The seal may be effected either by a foliated portion in the wire which is wetted by fused silica, or by a glass bead formed around the wire which wets both wire and fused silica.

Abstract: Lead wires having a specified stiffness, ie. stress/strain, characteristic are described for use in an incandescent lamp.

Abstract: A flash tube has a lead-in wire extending through the end of the flash tube. An end cap is bonded to the end of the flash tube with bonding material. A flexible sleeve is disposed around the lead-in wire to prevent contact between the bonding material and the lead-in wire.

Abstract: A method for securing an electrode to the electrode holder in a high pressure sodium discharge lamp and resulting article, which method, involves spot welding a thin niobium, tantalum or titanium wire across the flattened end of the electrode holder and thereafter spot welding the electrode rod to the electrode holder perpendicular to the axis of the thin wire to provide a strong bond between the electrode and the electrode holder.

Abstract: A high-pressure gas discharge lamp having a discharge vessel of aluminium oxide or yttrium oxide. Disposed within the discharge vessel is an electrode which is connected to a vacuum tight led-out current supply conductor which consists mainly of borides from the group consisting of titanium boride and zirconium boride.

Abstract: A display panel includes a base plate and face plate having internal electrodes connected to contact pads disposed along an edge of the panel. The base plate and face plate are spaced apart along said edge of the panel so that flexible terminals or pins can be inserted therebetween to make contact with the contact pads and to connect the internal panel electrodes to external circuitry. The panel includes means for mechanically supporting all of the leads and for cementing the leads to the support member, thus providing a rigid lead assembly which can be handled with ease by a user.

Abstract: Halogen incandescent lamps having at least two filaments are provided with a hard-glass lamp vessel. In the vacuum-tight seal of the vessel molybdenum wire current leadthrough conductors are incorporated which form one assembly with internal and external current conductors. In spite of large differences between the coefficients of expansion of the glass and the molybdenum, the lacking of rotationally symmetric geometry at the area of the current leadthroughs and the high thermal load of the lamp vessel seal, the lamps have proved to be very reliable.

Abstract: A high pressure sodium vapor lamp arc tube of alumina ceramic has end closures one of which includes an externally projecting tube of niobium or tantalum serving as inlead and having a portion extending into the inside of the arc tube. A tungsten electrode shank is welded into the end of the niobium tube but the seal at the weld may not be fully hermetic. To assure a fully hermetic seal, a mixture of yttrium and zirconium which has a lower melting point than pure yttrium is included in the niobium tube.

Abstract: Electric discharge lamps having a ceramic lamp vessel and current leadthroughs of niobium or tantalum cannot be operated in a nitrogen-containing atmosphere or in air due to attack of the current leadthroughs by the surrounding gas.According to the invention, those parts of the current leadthroughs which during operation have a temperature of more than 500.degree. C and more than 350.degree. C, respectively, are screened from the surrounding gas by means of ceramic mouldings which are connected to the current leadthrough in a gas-tight manner by means of sealing material. As a result of this the lamps according to the invention can be operated in a nitrogen-containing atmosphere and in air respectively.

Abstract: A multi-figure fluorescent display tube includes in the casing a plurality of anode display portions formed of segment electrodes each having a fluorescent material layer thereon, cathodes and control electrodes disposed opposite to the anode display portions, lead-in wires led out in an air-tight manner from the casing and electrically connected to the segment electrodes, the control electrodes and the cathodes, a plurality of conductive sections each connected to adjacent common segment electrodes through a corresponding conductive wiring film, the lead-in wires for the segment electrode terminal each having at the end thereof in the casing a contact with a spring portion, the contact coming in contact with the corresponding conductive section by the action of the spring portion thereby establishing an electrical connection.

Abstract: A soldered joint between articles of at least one of the high melting point metals, high melting point metal carbides and high melting point metal oxides, which joint comprises titanium in which at least the external surface layer of the soldered joint consists of titanium nitride.The soldered joint is preferably used for securing electrodes for high-pressure gas discharge lamps to current supply conductors.The soldered joint may be obtained by soldering with titanium in a rare gas atmosphere whereafter the solder point is heated for some time in a nitrogen-containing atmosphere.

Abstract: A face-plate of an image pick-up tube having a plurality of electrodes formed thereon and a plurality of conductors provided for external connection extending from said plurality of electrodes across the outer periphery of the face plate to the outer surface thereof. At least one of the plurality of conductors for said external connection comprises a thin film which is electrically insolated from the other conductors by a thin insulating film formed thereon. This thin insulating film also serves to seal, in an air tight manner, a vacuum envelope together with the conductor or conductors for external connection extending to the outer surface of the face-plate.

Abstract: Contact pins are mechanically fixed to hollow cylindrical insulation sleeves surrounding the contact pins at both ends of an infrared bright radiator by way of a circumferential recess within the inner wall of the hollow cylindrical sleeve or the opposed surface of the contact pin which receives a radial projection carried by the other of the two members to limit axial movement of the pin relative to the insulation sleeve.

Abstract: A soldered joint between articles of at least one of the high melting point metals, high melting point carbides and high melting point metal oxides, which joint contains zirconium in which at least the external surface layer of the soldered joint consists of zirconium nitride.The soldered joint is preferably used for securing electrodes for high-pressure gas discharge lamps to current supply conductors.The soldered joint can be obtained by soldering with zirconium in a rare gas atmosphere whereafter the soldering area is heated for some time in a nitrogen-containing atmosphere.

Abstract: Coiled incandescible filament which principally comprises tantalum carbide has coiled end portions thereof overfitting relatively thick tantalum carbide members, with the inner surfaces of the overfitting coils welded to the relatively thick members. Electrical connection and support for the filament is made to the relatively thick, overfitted members, rather than the fine, brittle filament. In order to effect the weld between the overfitting coils and the relatively thick members, the coils and relatively thick members are first overfitted as metals and then carbided, with diffusion welds therebetween formed during the carbiding process.

Abstract: A high-pressure sodium discharge lamp has a coil electrode wound on a stem which extends axially into a metal tube whose end is sealed into the wall of the lamp envelope. Outside the envelope the tube is rolled or crimped on to the stem and sealed to the stem by brazing.

Abstract: Electric lamps having a quartz glass lamp envelope frequently have outer current conductors of molybdenum because this metal has a coefficient of expansion which corresponds best to that of quartz glass. Because molybdenum is sensitive to oxidation the current conductors quickly oxidize so that a good electric contact with connection terminals of a current source is no longer possible. According to the invention, the outer current conductors are surrounded by a sleeve of non-corrosive metal and are rigidly connected thereto by a local kink in the current conductor and the sleeve.

Abstract: The tubular ceramic discharge vessel of electric discharge lamps is sealed according to the invention with a cylindrical and an annular ceramic moulding between which a tubular current leadthrough member is accommodated consisting of tungsten, molybdenum, rhenium or alloys thereof. The current leadthrough member is connected in a vacuum-tight manner to the two ceramic mouldings by means of sealing ceramic.

Abstract: A support structure and electrode design geometry for a compact high voltage feedthrough, which is used in low-pressure gas discharge devices. The high voltage coaxial cable which applies voltages to the various electrodes within the discharge device is fed through an insulating structure and supported therein by means of field shaping electrodes. The space between the field shaping electrodes is filled with an electronegative gas. The electrodes insure that the electrical field lines merge smoothly from the low pressure region, across which high voltage is applied, into the dielectric of the coaxial cable. The structure minimizes local electrical stresses while maintaining a high voltage electrode separation in the low pressure region which is less than that at which Paschen breakdown occurs. The advantage of the present invention is its compactness of size and that it minimizes the probability of vacuum, surface, and bulk breakdown as well as Paschen breakdown.

Abstract: A metal vapor arc lamp comprises an alumina ceramic arc tube having an end sealed by an apertured ceramic plug. A metal lead wire extending through the aperture is sealed therein, and supports an electrode within the arc tube. Thermal isolation of the lead wire seal from the electrode is necessary and is achieved by providing a loop in the supporting conductor intervening between the electrode and the lead wire seal region.

Abstract: An improved lead wire forming apparatus is described comprising wire flattening apparatus, a three jaw hook former, and clamping dies for fastening the lead wire about a filament.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONThis invention relates to the manufacture of incandescent lamps and, in particular, to apparatus for fastening lead wires to incandescent filaments, especially coiled filaments.In the prior art, lead wires were flattened, given an initial bend with clamping jaws, received a filament while in the clamping jaws, and then clamped around the filament using the filament as an anvil in the same clamping jaws.While the connection provided in this manner is adequate initially, the connection has a tendency to deteriorate in use, particularly where the use requires a large number of on-off cycles as in signal lamps. This deterioration causes early and unpredictable failure of the lamp.The deterioration is believed due to a number of factors which revolve around the way the connection is made.

Abstract: A light source lamp apparatus having a lamp housing envelope with a circular opening and an electrode assembly disposed and sealed within the interior of the envelope about said opening. The electrode assembly includes an electrode support shaft with an electrode mounted about one end and a cylindrical shoulder intermediate the electrode and the other end; a compression ring coaxial with the shaft and positioned in tandem with the shouler to form a seat for receiving an elastometer O-ring intermediate the compression ring and the shoulder; an elastometer O-ring positioned within said seat; pressure control means coupled to said compression ring for compressing the seat and expanding the outer diameter of the O-ring to cause the outer peripheral surface of said O-ring to interface with the interior surface of the envelope and seal said envelope and said O-ring.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electrode provided with a connection conductor for a gas and/or vapor discharge lamp. A quantity of electrically conducting auxiliary material, having a melting point less than the turns, is introduced between several turns of the electrode. Subsequently this assembly is heated to above the melting point of the auxiliary material below the melting point of the material of the turns. Cooling takes place after auxiliary material has flowed between the turns. Subsequently the auxiliary material is connected to the actual connection conductor which may be a bushing shaped lead-through conductor.

Abstract: A fast warm up, die-drawn, low mass cathode cap is substantially cup-shaped having a closed end and an upstanding side wall integral therewith. The thickness of the side wall is less than that of the closed end, permitting more of the heater energy to be concentrated in the closed end which carries, on the outer surface thereof, the electron emissive material.

Abstract: A multi-wire oxygen electrode and method of manufacturing the same, said electrode having a reactive electrode surface formed by a glass electrode tip having an end surface and a number of electrode wires are distributed in the end surface of the electrode tip along a circle. The cross-sectional surface of said electrode wires are freely exposed in such end surface and the electrode wires are fused in the electrode tip and electrically conductively connected with a cathode wire arranged in a glass sleeve. There is provided a substantially semi-spherical shaped support surface having an apex, said support surface being coaxially arranged with respect to the electrode tip, and said cathode wire being held in the electrode tip at the apex of the support surface.

Abstract: An electron discharge device such as an X-ray tube having a filamentary cathode arranged to discharge electrons onto an adjacent anode wherein the filament is an elongated member fixed at its ends to respective filament support posts which are each mounted within a metal eyelet fastened within the bore of a nonconductive sleeve, respective lead wires being connected to opposite ends of the posts by flexible metal connectors whereby upon applications of heat to the assembly mechanical and thermal stresses, as might normally cause distortion of the parts and particularly of the filament, will be absorbed by the connectors.