Abstract: A flat-panel display device comprising a substrate, a patterned layer and an absorbing layer, the absorbing layer interposed between the substrate and the patterned layer, the patterned layer being formed of a material having a rate of erosion greater than the rate of erosion of the substrate under powder spraying, and the absorbing layer being of a material capable of absorbing the kinetic energy of particles comprising a powder spray.

Abstract: After a plate of electrically insulating, particularly hard and brittle material has been provided with a mask having a very large number of patterned apertures, it is exposed to at least one jet of abrasive powder particles, which jet is moved relative to the plate. In this way a plate is manufactured with a pattern of apertures and/or cavities which are eminently suitable for manipulating electron currents in electronic displays. Plates manufactured in this way may be used, for example, as control plates, spacer plates, or electron transport duct plates in electronic displays.

Abstract: An electron source comprises cathode means and a permanent magnet. A plurality of channels disposed in the magnet in a two dimensional array of rows and columns and extending between opposite poles of the magnet. The magnet generates, in each channel, a magnetic field which forms electrons received from the cathode means into an electron beam for guidance towards a target. Grid electrode means are disposed between the cathode means and the magnet for controlling flow of electrons from the cathode means into each channel. The grid electrode means comprises a plurality of parallel row conductors and a plurality of parallel column conductors arranged orthogonally to the row conductors. Each channel is located at a different intersection of a row conductor and a column conductor. Electric field isolation means reduces leakage of electric fields from each intersection.

Abstract: An electron beam apparatus includes an electron source having an electron-emitting device, an electrode for controlling an electron beam emitted from the electron source, a target to be irradiated with an electron beam emitted from the electron source and a spacer arranged between the electron source and the electrode. The spacer has a semiconductor film on the surface thereof that is electrically connected to the electron source and the electrode.

Abstract: A color cathode ray tube (CRT) has a panel having a fluorescent film consisting of a number of groups of phosphors each radiating in a particular color. A shadow mask adjoins the fluorescent film and is formed with a number of apertures by etching. Electron guns are located at the side opposite to the fluorescent film with respect to the shadow mask, and emit electron beams for causing the phosphors to radiate. An insulating glass layer covers the edges of the apertures on the side of the shadow mask that faces the fluorescent film. The glass layer increases the mechanical strength of the shadow mask and enhances landing accuracy.

Abstract: A display device having a cathode for emitting electrons and a permanent magnet. A two dimensional array of channels extends between opposite poles of the magnet. The magnet generates, in each channel, a magnetic field for forming electrons from the cathode into an electron beam. An electrode grid is disposed between the cathode and the magnet for controlling flow of electrons from the cathode into each channel. A screen has a phosphor coating having a plurality of groups of adjacent pixels facing the side of the magnet remote from the cathode. Each group corresponds to a different channel. A deflector sequentially addresses the electron beam from each channel to each pixel of the corresponding group.

Abstract: A phosphor screen is formed on an inner surface of a faceplate and has a plurality of regions which are dividedly scanned by electron beams emitted from a plurality of electron guns. Support units are arranged between the faceplate and a rear plate of an envelope so as to support the faceplate and rear plate under atmospheric pressure. Each of the support units includes a plurality of support members, each having one end abutting against the faceplate and the other end abutting against the rear plate, and a plurality of connecting members each connecting a predetermined number of support members and fixed to the faceplate.

Abstract: A display device having a cathode for emitting electrons and a permanent magnet. A two dimensional array of channels extends between opposite poles of the magnet. The magnet generates, in each channel, a magnetic field for forming electrons from the cathode into an electron beam. A screen receives an electron beam from each channel. The screen has a phosphor coating facing the side of the magnet remote from the cathode. The phosphor coating having a plurality of pixels each corresponding to a different channel and each having a plurality of different color sub-pixels. An electrode grid is disposed between the cathode and the magnet for controlling flow of electrons from the cathode into each channel.

Abstract: A display device capable of simplifying connection between a drive circuit and lead-out wirings led out of electrodes and being small-sized while keeping a size of an image plane from being reduced. A part of supports for holding an anode substrate and a cathode substrate spaced from each other at a predetermined interval is formed so to be conductive and is interposedly arranged between the anode electrode and a lead-out wiring formed on the cathode substrate, to thereby provide an anode lead-out wiring on the cathode substrate. Such construction permits the anode lead-out electrode to be arranged so as to extend in the same direction as a cathode lead-out electrode or a gate lead-out electrode, to thereby facilitate connection of the wirings. Also, the anode substrate can be decreased in size because a region for the anode lead-out wiring is eliminated.

Abstract: An image display device has a control electrode which comprises an X-Y grid assembly composed of planar two-layer conductive grids which define electron passage holes at junctions thereof. The control electrode have capacitive bodies disposed at the junctions for storing a control voltage to control electrons emitted from a planar cathode and having passed through the electron passage holes. A high-voltage electrode applies a high voltage to a planar light emitting layer to attract the electrons that have passed through the electron passage holes and have been controlled by the control voltage, to the planar light emitting layer for emitting light in response to bombardment of the electrons thereon. The electrons are supplied at all times by the control electrode for continuous emission of light from the planar light emitting layer. Since the cathode and the electrodes are of a planar structure, the image display device is lightweight and of a low profile.

Abstract: A flat panel apparatus includes a faceplate with a backplate interior side, a backplate with a backplate interior side, and sidewalls positioned between the faceplate and backplate, all in combination forming an enclosed sealed envelope. At least one spacer is positioned in the envelope. The spacer includes a spacer backplate face, with a periphery, and it is positioned adjacent to the backplate interior side. The spacer also includes a spacer faceplate face, with a periphery, and it is positioned adjacent to the faceplate interior side. A first conductive layer, metallization, is applied to substantially cover the entire spacer backplate face to its periphery. A second conductive layer, metallization, is applied to substantially cover the entire spacer faceplate face to its periphery. A plurality of spacers can be positioned in the sealed envelope, and the spacers can be in the form of walls, posts, or wall segments.

Abstract: A picture display device having an evacuated envelope (1) comprises a first wall (2) which is provided with a display screen (3), and a second wall (5), and is provided with an internal vacuum support (11) between the two walls (2, 5). The internal vacuum support (11) comprises a dielectric plate at least at the side facing the first wall (2), which plate is arranged opposite the display screen (3) and is provided with cavities (12) at the location of the pixels (4R, 4B, 4G) of the display screen (3). The internal vacuum support (11) accommodates cavities (12) which constitute a lateral system of ducts. The continuous exhaust path of the internal vacuum support (11) communicates via the exhaust cavity (25) with an exhaust connection (9).

Abstract: A light-emitting structure (306) contains a main section (302), a pattern of ridges (314) situated along the main section, and a plurality of light-emissive regions (313) situated in spaces between the ridges. The light-emissive regions produce light of various colors upon being hit by electrons. The ridges, which extend further away from the main section than the light-emissive regions, are substantially non-emissive of light when hit by electrons. Each ridge includes a dark region. The ridges thereby form a raised black matrix that improves contrast and color purity. When the light-emitting structure is used in an optical display, the raised black matrix contacts internal supports (308) and, in so doing, protects the light-emissive regions from being damaged. The light-emitting structure can be formed according to various techniques of the invention.

Abstract: A flat display device is provided with a wire cathode or wire cathodes and with apertures which allow passage of electrons emitted by the wire cathode. The wire cathode is stretched in a wire-cathode support having positioning grooves for the wire cathode. This support engages the element in which the passages are made. The support and the element are provided with corresponding contacting surfaces.

Abstract: Flat-panel type picture display device having a luminescent screen and a large number of electron propagation ducts operating by means of electron wall interaction. Electrons are withdrawn from the ducts by means of an addressing system, whereafter these electrons are directed towards desired locations on the luminescent screen. An apertured spacer plate of electrically insulating material for passing electrons is arranged between the addressing system and the screen. To enable large voltage differences to be applied across the dimension of thickness of the spacer plate, the spacer plate is provided with a high-ohmic layer, or with a pattern of a low-ohmic material, or with an equalization layer at one side and with a low-ohmic layer at the other side, and at least the walls of the apertures are preferably coated with a material having a low secondary emission.

Abstract: Flat-panel type picture display device having a luminescent screen and a large number of electron propagation ducts operating by means of electron wall interaction. Electrons are withdrawn from the ducts by means of an addressing system, whereafter these electrons are directed towards desired locations on the luminescent screen. An apertured spacer plate of electrically insulating material for passing electrons is arranged between the addressing system and the screen. To enable large voltage differences to be applied across the dimension of thickness of the spacer plate, the spacer plate is provided with a high-ohmic layer, or with a pattern of a low-ohmic material, or with an equalization layer at one side and with a low-ohmic layer at the other side, and at least the walls of the apertures are preferably coated with a material having a low secondary emission.

Abstract: Nonuniformities of luminance characteristics in a field emission display (FED) are compensated pixel by pixel by storing a matrix of correction values, determined by testing, and by applying a corrected drive signal through the relative column drive stages. The individual pixel's correction factor that is applied to the corresponding video signal may be stored in digital or analog form in a nonvolatile memory array. Various embodiments are described including the use of a second updatable RAM array wherein pixel's correction factors are calculated and stored at every power-on to provide an opportunity of trimming-up the luminance of the display for compensating long term decline of luminance due to the phosphors ageing process.

Abstract: The invention provides spacers for separating and supporting a faceplate structure and a backplate structure in a flat panel display, and methods for fabricating these spacers. Each spacer is typically made of ceramic, such as alumina, containing transition metal oxide, such as titania, chromia or iron oxide. Each spacer can be fabricated with an electrically insulating core and electrically resistive skins. The insulating core can be a wafer formed of ceramic such as alumina, and the resistive skins can be formed by laminating electrically resistive wafers, formed from alumina containing transition metal oxide, to the outside surfaces of the insulating core. Each spacer can also have a core of electrically insulating ceramic composition made of a ceramic containing a transition metal oxide in its higher oxide states, and electrically resistive outside surfaces made of a ceramic containing a transition metal oxide in lower oxide states.

Abstract: A flat-panel display contains an emissive cathode structure and a generally flat encapsulating body that surrounds the cathode structure to form a sealed enclosure. The cathode structure contains electronegative atoms (22), which consist of oxygen and/or fluorine, chemically bonded to a carbon-containing cathode (10). Atoms (24R) of electropositive metal are chemically bonded to the electronegative atoms.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a transmission type flat cathode ray tube in which a flat glass tube envelope (15) is formed of a triple structure having a screen panel (11), a back panel (12) and a funnel portion (14) having a neck portion (13). A carbon film (24) to which an anode voltage is applied is formed on the inner surface of the back panel 12 in an opposing relation to a phosphor screen (19) of the screen panel (11). Thus, the occurrence of a pseudo signal in the transmission type flat cathode ray tube can be avoided.

Abstract: In a field emission display, a microchannel plate is mounted between an emitter panel and a display screen. The inner walls of the cylindrical passageways through the microchannel plate are coated with a conductive layer which is connected to a plate voltage. Electrons emitted from the emitter panel travel through cylindrical passageways in the microchannel plate toward the display screen. As electrons pass through the microchannels, the electrons are multiplied and collimated to increase the intensity of the light emitted from the screen and to reduce the pixel size.

Abstract: A backplate structure for a field emission display includes a transparent backplate substrate, a plurality of opaque electrodes, a plurality of field emitters geometrically located in the opaque electrodes, and a focusing electrode. The focusing electrode has an exterior surface with a conductive layer disposed substantially over the exterior surface, and the focusing electrode is electrically isolated from the opaque electrodes. The faceplate structure can further include a plurality of transparent electrodes that are orthogonal to the opaque electrodes.

Abstract: A an electron source utilizes a novel extraction grid conductor (20,40,41) to assist in focusing an electron beam emitted by the electron source. The extraction grid conductor (20,40,41) has a collimating conductor (29,31) that separate an extraction grid section (17,21,22) of the extraction grid conductor from conducting strips (26,24,32,33) that electrically connect the extraction grid section (17,21,22) to an external voltage source. The collimating conductor (29,31) creates an electric field that prevents emitted electrons from being attracted to the conducting strips (26,24,32,33) thereby maintaining the emitted electron beam in a substantially column-like configuration.

Abstract: An image display element comprising a vacuum exterior container including a face plate and a back housing. A cathode is located within the vacuum exterior container. A control electrode controls electron beams projected from the cathode and a fluorescent layer generates light by projecting the electron beams, and a metal back layer provided on the fluorescent layer projects the light of fluorescent layer forward by the effect of specular gloss. A carbon layer is provided on the metal back layer to reduce the generation of backwardly scattered light. The metal back layer and carbon layer are provided by releasing from a supporter having mold release characteristics. The thickness of the metal back layer is determined in relation to the predetermined supply voltage such that the energy transmission factor of the reflected and dispersed electrons on the image display element is less than 30%.

Abstract: An electron beam device has a cathode that generates a fan-shaped electron beam. A first focusing lens includes first and second plates on opposed sides of a filament. The edges of the plates closest to a positively charged anode are arcuate, so that as individual electrons are accelerated normal to the edge of the charged plates, the beam increases in length with departure from the filament. A second focusing lens includes third and fourth plates on opposed sides of the first focusing lens. Each of the third and fourth plates has an arcuate edge proximate to the positively charged anode. The plates of the first and second focusing lenses provide focusing in a widthwise direction, while defining the increase in the lengthwise direction. Preferably, the filament is also curved. In the preferred embodiment, the curvature of the plates of the first focusing lens defines a common radius with the plates of the second focusing lens.

Abstract: Flat-panel type picture display device having a face plate with a luminescent screen at the inner side and, arranged at a short distance therefrom, a rear plate adjoined by a large number of electron transport ducts operating by means of wall interaction of electrons. An active selection structure for directing electrons from transport ducts towards pixels on the luminescent screen comprises an apertured preselection plate and an apertured fine-selection plate, each preselection aperture being associated with at least two fine-selection apertures. Special auxiliary (or dummy) electrodes between the preselection plate and the selection plate, and/or a special geometry of the preselection apertures ensure that colour purity and contrast are maximal.

Abstract: A flat-panel type picture display device having a face plate with a luminescent screen at the inner side and, arranged at a short distance therefrom, a rear wall adjoined by a large number of electron transport ducts operating by means of wall interaction of electrons. A selection structure for withdrawing electrons from transport ducts and for directing them towards pixels on the luminescent screen comprises a preselection structure provided with preselection locations and a fine-selection plate provided with fine-selection apertures, each preselection location being associated with at least two fine-selection apertures. To improve contrast and/or color purity, an apertured obstruction plate forming chicanes in the electron paths is arranged between the preselection plate and the fine-selection plate.

Abstract: An electron emitter plate (110) for an FED image display has an extraction (gate) electrode (22) spaced by an insulating spacer (125) from a cathode electrode including a conductive mesh (18). Arrays of microtips (14) are located in mesh spacings (16), within apertures (26) formed in extraction electrode (22) and subcavities (141) formed through apertures (26) in insulating spacer (125). Subcavities (141a) are open to row-adjacent and column-adjacent subcavities (141b, 141c) to form larger main cavities (144). Posts (143) of insulating spacer (125) separate diagonally-adjacent cavities (141d). Subcavities (141) are formed by over-etching a layer of insulating spacer material (25) through apertures (26) before or after forming microtips (14) through the same apertures (26). Over-etching reduces the dielectric constant factor of gate-to-cathode capacitance in the finished structure.

Abstract: A cathodoluminescent device employs elongated grid electrodes such as small gauge wires for addressing and controlling the brightness of the display, thereby increasing the osmotic coefficient of the grid electrodes. End portions of the cathode filaments are bent into springs to reduce cold terminal effects. The edges of the face plate of the device are curved to reduce the visual effects of mosaic slots. The display may be operated at low anode voltage with increased luminescence so that full screen scanning is possible. Different sections of narrow strips forming a staggered structure strengthens the integrity of the device and reduces dark areas in the display.

Abstract: A display device comprising electron-transport ducts having entrance apertures for electrons and means for generating electrons and injecting electrons into the transport ducts via the entrance apertures. Measures have been taken to improve the picture quality. For example, the location of the entrance aperture is not the same for each transport duct, but instead shows a variation. This enables an improved control of the electron flow in the transport ducts to be achieved; in particular crosstalk between the transport ducts can be reduced.

Abstract: According to the invention, a flat panel device includes a spacer for providing internal support. In one embodiment, the spacer is made of ceramic, glass-ceramic, ceramic reinforced glass, devitrified glass, metal with electrically insulative coating or high-temperature vacuum-compatible polyimide, and can be a spacer wall, a spacer structure including a plurality of holes, or some combination of a spacer wall, spacer walls, and spacer structure. Spacer surfaces are treated to reduce secondary emissions and prevent charging of the spacer surfaces. The flat panel device can include a thermionic cathode or a field emitter cathode, and the faceplate and backplate can both be straight or both be curved. The flat panel device can include an addressing grid.

Abstract: A gas flat display tube is disclosed including a glass container having a discharge gas therein; a plurality of cathodes extending horizontally and arranged by a predetermined interval in the glass container, for emitting electrons; a plurality of anodes extending vertically and arranged by a predetermined interval on one side of the glass container, for absorbing the emitted electrons; a plurality of phosphors arranged in a matrix form on the plurality of anodes and becoming luminous by the electrons absorbed into the anodes; and a plurality of gates extending vertically and arranged by a predetermined interval on the phosphors, for controlling the emitted electrons to be absorbed into the anodes.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide an image display apparatus which is light and thin and is manufactured with reduced cost and which assures a clear image with no luminance unevenness over the entire screen. The image display apparatus includes: a string like hot cathode for emitting electrons; a perforated cover electrode for leading out and accelerating the electrons emitted from the cathode; a control electrode disposed substantially parallel with the cathode and having an electron-pass aperture permitting an electron beam to pass therethrough, the control electrode being adapted to control the electron beam; a luminous element which emits light when irradiated with the electron beam and is disposed on a curved surface; and a focusing electrode disposed between the control electrode and the luminous element, the focusing electrode being divided into focusing electrodes.

Abstract: A thin flat cathode-ray tube can optimize stress which is generated in each part also when its screen size is increased and maintains high reliability particularly in connection strength in a joint portion between a front glass vessel and a back metal vessel, without deteriorating the joint portion in reliability also in working for mounting electric signal input terminals and an exhaust pipe on the back metal vessel. In the flat cathode-ray tube which is formed by joining side surface portions of the front glass vessel and the back metal vessel with each other, the back metal vessel has the side surface portion of a prescribed width extending along that of the front glass vessel and a bottom surface portion opposed to a fluorescent screen of the front glass vessel, while the bottom surface portion is depressed by a prescribed amount toward the fluorescent portion and a corner portion connecting the side surface portion with the bottom surface portion is at a prescribed radius of curvature.

Abstract: An airtight envelope for an FED capable of ensuring formation of a gap or internal space therein with high accuracy and preventing leakage thereof and a decrease in display area. An anode substrate having a phosphor-deposited display pattern formed thereon and a cathode substrate having an electron emission source formed thereon are sealed joined to each other using a sealing material, to thereby provide an airtight envelope for an FED. The substrates are provided at a portion thereof joined together with particulate or bar-like elements which are kept unmelted or substantially unsoftened. Also, spacers are arranged at positions in a gap between the anode substrate and the cathode substrate which do not interfere with a display by the FED.

Abstract: A display device comprising electron-transport ducts having entrance apertures for electrons and means for generating electrons and injecting electrons into the transport ducts via the entrance apertures. Measures have been taken to improve the picture quality. For example, the location of the entrance aperture is not the same for each transport duct, but instead shows a variation. This enables an improved control of the electron flow in the transport ducts to be achieved; in particular crosstalk between the transport ducts can be reduced.

Abstract: A field emission display device has a faceplate and a backplate. The faceplate includes a faceplate interior side with an active region made of a plurality of phosphor pixel elements; and the backplate has a backplate interior side with a plurality of field emitters. Sidewalls are positioned between the faceplate and the backplate, to form an enclosed sealed envelope between the sidewalls, backplate interior side and the faceplate interior side. At least one spacer wall in the envelope supports the backplate and the faceplate against forces acting in a direction toward the envelope. At least one internal structure fixes and constrains the faceplate and the backplate, and aligns a plurality of phosphor pixels with corresponding field emitters. Additionally, the faceplate can include at least one faceplate fiducial, and the backplate include a corresponding backplate fiducial. The faceplate fiducial is optically aligned with the backplate fiducial. First, the spacer wall is positioned in the wall gripper.

Abstract: An optical device contains first and second plates (302 and 303), a pattern of ridges (314) situated over the first plate, light-emissive regions (313) situated in spaces between the ridges, electron-emissive elements (309) situated over the second plate, and supporting structure (308) that maintains a desired spacing between the plates. The electron-emissive elements emit electrons that strike the light-emissive regions, causing them to produce light of various colors. The ridges, which extend further away from the first plate than the light-emissive regions, are substantially non-emissive of light when hit by electrons. Each ridge includes a dark region formed with metal, ceramic, semiconductor, or/and carbide. The ridges thereby form a raised black matrix that improves contrast and color purity.

Abstract: In a cathodoluminescent display device, spacer elements are used to provide rigid mechanical support between the face and back plates when the chamber of the device is evacuated so that thin face and back plates may be used even for large-screen displays. The spacer support includes a spacer plate having holes therein for passage of electrons between the anode and cathode where a predetermined small number of one or more pixel dots corresponds to and spatially overlaps one hole, thereby reducing crosstalk. Shadow-reducing electrodes are employed on the back plate and spacer members alongside the cathode to cause the path of electrons from the cathode to the anode to spread out in order to reduce shadows caused by the presence of the spacer members. Various configurations of the two or three sets of grid electrodes may be employed to improve resolution and focusing.

Abstract: Flat-panel type picture display device having a luminescent screen and a large number of electron propagation ducts operating by means of electron wall interaction. At a given resolution, hexagonal phosphor dot patterns in which dots are horizontally staggered generally produce fewer artefacts than in a 90.degree. tilted orientation. An addressing system for withdrawing electrons from the propagation ducts and for directing them towards the luminescent screen is preferably formed as a multistepped structure with a preselection structure of rows of preselection electrodes and a fine-selection structure of rows of fine-selection electrodes. To interconnect the fine-selection electrodes in parallel in a minimal number of groups, it is advantageous when the fine-selection electrodes are arranged parallel to the preselection electrodes.

Abstract: A electron beam row at a time addressed storage target includes substrate with a plurality of column electrodes affixed to the substrate by a suitable means. Adjacent column electrodes are displaced by a first period.The target includes a grid for collecting secondary electrons generated by bombarding the secondary electron emission means affixed to the substrate with a plurality of electron beams. Each beam strikes the target at a beam landing area. The beam landing areas of adjacent electron beams are displaced by the first period.The beam landing areas are positioned so each beam landing area is overlapped by a respective column electrode. A respective potential difference is applied between each electrode and the grid. Charge acquired by the target at each beam landing area is dependent upon the respective potential difference applied between the electrode which overlaps the beam landing area and the grid. Charge transfer is an equilibrium process involving secondary emissions.

Abstract: A substantially rectangle shaped frame for rigidly affixing a flat-shaped electrode unit to a rear panel at intermediate parts of the frame and elastically attaching the frame to the rear panel by a resilient retaining member at four corners of the frame, thereby, stabilizing an engagement between the rear panel and the flat-shaped electrode unit via the frame regardless of difference in degrees of deformations thereamong.

Abstract: A grid which controls electron flow, placed between a field emitter cathode and fluorescent anode in a flat cathode ray tube improves focusing, and reduces the switching voltage necessary to stop electron flow. The focusing capabilities of the grid enable increased distance between the cathode and anode, permitting higher anode voltage and use of more efficient phosphors. With the grid, electron flow on/off addressing can be done with drivers operating at less than 30 V, thereby reducing capacitive power loss over prior art addressable arrays and permitting use of inexpensive CMOS control circuitry. The grid's switching capabilities enable the use of a simplified field emitter cathode structure with resistive gate films which increase emitter reliability, emitter life, and, for cathode ray tube displays, the uniformity of the display.

Abstract: A flat panel display includes a faceplate and an opposing backplate. The two are sealed together and a sealed envelope is created that includes an active area of length L.sub.1. The active layer includes addressable pixels on the faceplate. Spacers are perpendicular to the faceplate and backplate. The length of a spacer is in a direction parallel to the plane of the faceplate. At least one spacer is positioned in the envelope and provides rigidity to the display. This is required because of the high vacuum which is maintained within the envelope. One or more electrodes are formed on an exterior surface of the spacer. The electrodes extend a length of L.sub.2 along a side of the spacer that is at least equal to L.sub.1. Voltages applied to the electrodes are controlled to achieve a desired voltage distribution between the backplate and the faceplate. The electrode is made of a material with a sheet resistance of less than about 10.sup.5 to 10.sup.7 .OMEGA./.quadrature..

Abstract: A gated field-emission structure contains a emitter electrode (46), an overlying electrically insulating layer (48, and one or more electron-emissive elements (52) situated in one or more apertures extending through the insulating layer. A patterned gate electrode (50) through which each electron-emissive element is exposed overlies the insulating layer. Focusing ridges (54) are situated on the insulating layer on opposite sides of the gate electrode. The focusing ridges, which normally extend to a considerably greater height than the gate electrode, cause emitted electrons to converge into a narrow band.

Abstract: Picture display device includes a display unit having a vacuum envelope which is provided with a transparent face plate with a luminescent screen and a rear plate. The display unit includes a plurality of juxtaposed sources for emitting electrons, a plurality of electron transport ducts cooperating with the sources and extending substantially parallel to the face plate for transporting the electrons in the form of electron currents, and an active selection structure for withdrawing each electron current at predetermined locations from its transport duct and for directing the current towards desired pixels of the luminescent screen.The picture display device further includes a video signal processing circuit for receiving an incoming video signal having a given line number, for processing the video signal to a video signal which is suitable for the luminescent screen, and for applying the processed video signal to a video drive circuit coupled to the sources.

Abstract: A device which can produce a bright, raster scanned or non-raster scanned image from a flat panel. Unlike many flat panel technologies, this device does not require ambient light or auxiliary illumination for viewing the image. Rather, this device relies on electrons emitted from a ferroelectric emitter impinging on a phosphor. This device takes advantage of a new electron emitter technology which emits electrons with significant kinetic energy and beam current density.

Abstract: A picture display device having a vacuum envelope whose inner wall is provided with a luminescent screen. The device is a plurality has a of juxtaposed sources for producing electrons, local transport ducts having walls of electrically substantially insulating material having a secondary emission coefficient which is suitable for transporting, through a vacuum, electron beams, preselection means for withdrawing electrons from the transport ducts at predetermined extraction locations and for directing them towards the luminescent screen for producing a picture composed of pixels. A structure of distribution ducts having selection apertures is positioned between the transport ducts and the luminescent screen for fine selection of electrons withdrawn from the transport ducts.

Abstract: In a flat cathode ray tube, a flat glass tube is of three-element structure includes a screen panel integrally provided with skirt portions which are erected from the screen panel along the front end and the opposite side portions thereof continuously, a front panel or a back panel of a sheet-like configuration, and a funnel portion having a neck portion. The screen panel, front panel and funnel portion are combined through frit glasses, and a phosphor screen is formed on the inner surface of the screen panel. An electron gun is disposed within the neck portion, so that an electron beam generated from the electron gun collides with molecules within the flat glass tube to generate negative ions. The negative ions are accelerated and irradiated at the center portion on the skirt portion provided at the front end of the screen panel, whereby the phosphor screen is prevented from being burned by the ions and degradation of the frit glass due to impact of the negative ions is prevented.

Abstract: A cathode, an electron gun, and a cathode-ray tube, having a configuration wherein a heat source for heating an electron emission portion in which an electric field is applied to the tip so that electrons are pulled out is disposed, whereby instability and reduction in amount of emitted electron rays which are due to an effect of adsorbed gas molecules can be prevented from occurring.