Abstract: A display device is provided in which a structure of a display tube is simplified so as to achieve a cost reduction and electric connection to a driving circuit is made easy. In the display device including a group of display tubes arranged in parallel for emitting light by gas discharge, plural transparent auxiliary electrodes for display are arranged in the length direction on the outer surface of the tubular vessel that defines a discharge gas space of each of the display tubes, so that the position of a discharge portion is determined. The auxiliary electrodes at the same position in the length direction of the vessel are connected to one another electrically via a band-like power supplying conductor provided on a front substrate, and a back substrate is arranged on which a band-like conductor is provided along each of the display tubes at the back side of the group of display tubes.

Abstract: In a flat display apparatus, display can be carried out with high definition and high density, and furthermore, driving power, that is, consumed power can be reduced. First and second substrates 1 and 2 are provided opposite to each other, the first substrate 1 is provided with a discharge maintaining electrode group 5 having a plurality of discharge maintaining electrodes 3 and 4 arranged thereon, the second substrate 2 is provided with a plurality of partition walls 9 arranged with a predetermined space held therebetween and an address electrode group 11 having a plurality of address electrodes 10 arranged thereon. The address electrode 10 is formed on at least one side surface except a top face of the partition wall 9 or is formed such that one side edge faces the at least one side surface of the partition wall 9 or is positioned in the vicinity of the side surface, and plasma discharge display is carried out by cathode glow discharge.

Abstract: An AC-type gas discharge display includes a base, discharge tubes which are arranged on the base in parallel to each other and which contain fluorescent phosphors, data electrodes formed on the external surfaces of the discharge tubes such that the data electrodes extend in the longitudinal direction of the discharge tubes, and display electrodes formed in pairs on the external surfaces of the discharge tubes at the opposite side of the data electrodes such that the display electrodes intersect the discharge tubes. Each of the discharge tubes has a flattened elliptical shape in cross-section thereof and includes a pair of flat portions. The data electrodes are formed on one of the flat portions and scanning electrodes and common electrodes are alternately arranged on the other one of the flat portions, and the discharge tubes are supported by the base at one or the other one of the flat portions.

Abstract: An arc discharge lamp comprises an arc chamber having an amalgam tip attached to and communicating with it. The communication comprises a narrow tubular extension that penetrates the amalgam tip for a distance less than the depth of the tip. An amalgam that includes bismuth is contained within the amalgam tip. This construction allows operation of the lamp in any position and prevents the bismuth in the amalgam from penetrating the lamp and poisoning the phosphor.

Abstract: A display tube is provided that can improve light emission efficiency without raising a breakdown voltage. The display tube has a tubular vessel defining a discharge gas space and a pair of display electrodes for generating surface discharge along the circumferential surface of the vessel and opposing discharge traversing the inside of the vessel.

Abstract: In a plasma display panel, red, green, and blue pixels have the same voltage range for write discharges. The red, the green, and the blue pixels have first, second, and third data electrodes, respectively, covered with an insulating film. A red fluorescent substance layer is formed on the insulating film over the first data electrode. A green fluorescent substance layer is formed on the insulating film over the second data electrode. A blue fluorescent substance layer is formed on the insulating film over the third data electrode. The green fluorescent substance is smaller than both of the red and the blue fluorescent substance layers in thickness.

Abstract: A gas discharge lamp fitted with a gas discharge vessel filled with a gas filling is suitable for a gas discharge which emits VUV radiation, with a luminophore coating containing a down conversion luminophore and with means for igniting and maintaining a gas discharge in which the down conversion luminophore has in a host lattice a pair of activators of the a first lanthanoid ion and a second lanthanoid ion and a sensitizer selected from the group of the copper (I) ion, silver (I) ion, gold (I) ion, zinc (II) ion, gallium (III) ion, indium (III) ion, thallium (III) ion, germanium (IV) ion, tin (IV) ion and lead (IV) ion, is environmentally friendly and has a high lamp efficiency &eegr;lamp.

Abstract: A three-dimensional display apparatus capable of producing an image in three dimensions without the aid of optical illusions or perspective trickery. The display apparatus is comprised of a plurality of pixels which are, in turn, comprised of a plurality of cells. The cells illuminate in one of the three primary colors red, green and blue such that a combination of a red, green and blue cell into a pixel, is capable of producing any color in the visible spectrum. The cells are oriented in the pixel such that light from the pixel is perceivable in six directions, thereby creating a three-dimensional light source. By combining a plurality of these three-dimensional light sources, i.e. a plurality of pixels in a three-dimensional matrix, a three-dimensional image is capable of being displayed.

Abstract: The present invention 10 discloses a remote powered electrodeless light bulb 12 and an RF transmitter 14. The bulb 12 requires no electrical connection and will not burn out, can be submerged into water without causing electrocution, is safe and non toxic and has many uses. The bulb 12 may be of any size or shape, and is filled with inert argon gas and or other inert gases under vacuum. The transmitter 12 emits an RF field from a distance of 1 to 25 feet and comprises a variable frequency adjustment knob 16, an output power field adjustment knob 18 and a special effects transmitter knob 20 for changing the pulse/strobe rate. Also shown is a power source 22, a base 24, which may be made of metal, a chassis ground wire 26, an antenna 28, and a transmitter housing 30.

Abstract: A PDP drive method capable of restraining the generation of contour noise and making to be high a brightness level. In the PDP drive method, discharging cells on the plasma display panel start simultaneously on a radio frequency discharge by row lines. Next, the radio frequency discharge, which is caused in each discharging cell on the row line, is erased by applying an erasing pulse corresponding to a brightness level of video to the discharging cells on a row line.

Abstract: A fluorescent display tube including: (a) a substrate having a display surface; (b) anodes formed on the display surface of the substrate, and spaced apart each other; (c) cathodes capable of generating electrons; (d) fluorescent layers each of which is fixed to a corresponding one of the anodes; (e) a rib formed on the display surface of the substrate so as to surround a periphery of each of the fluorescent layers; and (f) a control electrode fixed to an upper end face of the rib, and consisting of a plurality of sections which are spaced apart each other; wherein the fluorescent layers are selectively activated by the control electrode, so as to be struck by the electrons generated by the cathodes, for emitting light, wherein the rib includes continuous wall portions continuously extending along respective boundaries each of which is located between a corresponding pair of the anodes which are adjacent to each other, such that each pair of the anodes are electrically insulated from each other, and wherein t

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp of the present invention includes: a first electrode section having a first filament; a second electrode section having a second filament; a fluorescent tube in which a fluorescent substance Is applied on an inner wall of the fluorescent tube; a first structure of a nonconductor provided in the fluorescent tube: and a second structure of a conductor provided in the fluorescent tube. The first structure and the second structure are provided between the first filament and the second filament.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for an open chamber photoluminescent lamp. The photoluminescent planar lamp is gas-filled and contains photoluminescent materials that emit visible light when the gas emits ultraviolet energy in response to a plasma discharge. The lamp comprises first and second opposing plates manufactured from a glass material having a loss tangent ≦0.05%. In another embodiment the first and second plates have a dielectric constant greater than 5. In yet another embodiment, the first and second plates have a volume resistivity greater than 1×1012 &OHgr;cm.

Abstract: A flat display device, preferably of the PALC type, in which the plasma channels are formed by etching laterally-spaced slots in a spacer plate, attaching a thin dielectric sheet over the etched spacer plate, and bonding the etched spacer plate to a transparent substrate such that each channel is formed by the portion of the substrate between flanking walls formed by the etched slots in the spacer plate, adjacent flanking walls in the spacer plate, and the overlying portion of the thin dielectric sheet. In a modification, strengthening crossbars are formed between adjacent flanking walls.

Abstract: A functional film formed by coating a substrate with a coating composition having a partial hydrolyzate of a metallic compound containing a hydrolyzable reaction site, the partial hydrolyzate being a sol solution containing (1) a magnesium alkoxide, (2) diethanolamine, (3) water, and (4) an organic solvent. The coating may also be heated to form the functional film.

Abstract: Described is a plasma switched organic photoluminescent display including lower and upper plates. The lower plate includes a transparent rear substrate, a plurality of address electrodes arranged in a first direction on the transparent rear substrate like stripes in parallel each other, a white back dielectric layer on the transparent rear substrate including the address electrodes, a plurality of barrier ribs arranged in parallel each other on the white back dielectric layer between the address electrodes in the first direction, respectively, a plurality of organic photoluminescent layers on the exposed white back dielectric layer between the barrier ribs, respectively, and a plurality of photoluminescent-layer-protecting layers on the organic photoluminescent layers, respectively.

Abstract: A luminescent material is dispersed in a watery solution of sodium polyphosphate, a watery solution of a nitrate of the metal M is added, after which the luminescent material is separated, dried and fired. The metal is chosen from the group consisting of Ca, Sr, and Ba, whereby a protective layer of metal polyphosphate is formed on the luminescent material.

Abstract: In the luminescent screen of a flourescent lamp an organic europium compound is incorporated for converting mercury radiation between 350 nm and 450 nm into red light. The organic europium compound is diluted in an organic polymer. When the fluorescent lamp is dimmed its colour point shifts into the red similar to incandescent lamps and not into the blue.

Abstract: Flat radiator with dielectrically impeded discharge with an areally inhomogeneous electrode geometry for local modulation of the surface luminance, primarily for application in the field of indicating devices, for instance in motorized means of transport.

Abstract: Vacuum ultraviolet radiation excited light-emitting devices each exhibiting a high luminance are provided. A vacuum ultraviolet radiation excited light-emitting device includes a discharge space filled with a rare gas between front and rear faceplates disposed parallel with each other, and a fluorescent material layer provided on the front faceplate, the fluorescent material layer having a thickness of not more than about 7 &mgr;m.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp, in particular for the backlighting of liquid crystal display screens, having a discharge vessel with a gas filling, the discharge vessel having a fluorescent layer and an electrode structure for a dielectric impeded discharge, the electrode structure fixing a geometric distribution of partial discharges and the fluorescent layer having a thickness variation in accordance to the geometrical distribution of the partial discharges.

Abstract: A plasma display panel that is adapted to obtain a sufficient brightness as well as to enhance a discharging efficiency. In the panel, a plurality of discharging cells, each having an electrode to be driven by a radio frequency voltage signal, is arranged in the shape of a matrix. The discharging cells allow charged particles to swing while the radio frequency voltage signal is applied so that the charged particles in the discharging cells are not reduced. The swinging charged particles allow gaseous particles to be excited and transited continuously. In this way, the actual discharging period of the panel is almost equal to a predetermined discharging period. Also, since the discharging cell has a radio frequency discharge having physical characteristics almost equal to a positive column of a glow discharge, the energy efficiency and discharging efficiency of the panel increases with respect to prior art devices.

Abstract: A gas discharge display panel has front and rear plates. The plates are spaced apart from each other, thereby forming a chamber in which a discharge gas is contained. Also, both the front and rear plates are dark in color. Preferably, both the front and rear plates have a darkness of about 20% or more or a transparency of about 80% or less. This decreases halation of light, thereby preventing the mixing of colors. Also, the gas discharge display panel provides a high contrast and clear images to viewers.

Abstract: In gas-filled discharge gaps having a vitreous electrode activation compound formed of several components. In order to prevent excessive fluctuations of the d.c. sparkover voltage Uag under load, potassium silicate and cesium tungstate are provided as base components of the electrode activation compound to sodium silicate, cesium silicate and titanium.

Abstract: This invention is essentially a device that, applied to a functioning lamp or fluorescent tube, creates an electric field, or ionized cavity (E), around the lamp or tube and thus impedes the additional energy dispersion that such lamps or fluorescent tubes normally discharge and lose in the form of ultraviolet radiation. From this follows a greater efficiency in the conversion of ultraviolet radiation into visible light, thus making this device an important tool for the saving of energy.

Abstract: A plasma display panel in which the reliability of seal bonding of a chip tube is assured and an evacuation working efficiency is improved. In a plasma display panel with a structure in which a glass substrate on the display surface side and a glass substrate on the rear side are adhered so as to be hermetically bonded by sealing layers through partitions and a gas is introduced into the space between the two glass substrates, an evacuation and gas charging hole is formed in one of the glass substrates and crystalline glass powder of a low melting point is molded into a predetermined shape and is baked, thereby seal bonding the chip tube into the evacuation and gas introducing hole.

Abstract: An arc lamp comprising a hollowed-anode electrode with an arc-face having a central hole extending to an internal chimney. An opposing cathode electrode faces the hollowed anode electrode for providing a short electric arc around the central hole in the arc-face of the hollowed anode electrode. The anode and cathode electrodes are disposed in an inert gas, such as xenon. The internal gas is subject to an “arc wind” for transporting metal deposits downstream of the short electric arc and flowing from the short electric arc down the chimney. Such operation provides for an improvement in arc lamp life because the reflector blackens far less rapidly. A magnetic z-pinch pumping mode can be used to move the arc wind away from the reflector.

Abstract: A light source unit includes (a) a light source having a main surface through which a light emitted from the light source passes towards an object, (b) a light-permeable substrate located between the main surface of the light source and the object, (c) a first seal sandwiched between the main surface of the light source and a surface of the light-permeable substrate and defining a first closed space together with the main surface and the surface of the light-permeable substrate, the first closed space being in vacuum, and (d) a heat radiator equipped with the light source for outwardly radiating heat generated in the light source.

Abstract: A plasma display device including: an upper substrate provided with address electrodes; a dielectric material and a fluorescent material coated on the lower surface of the upper substrate; a lower substrate provided with scan electrodes and common electrodes; and a discharge gas of pure He or a gas mixture of more than 99.5 vol % He and the balance of at least one gas selected from the group consisting of Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe and N2, and hermetically sealed between the upper and lower substrates.

Abstract: An alternating current driven type plasma display device characterized in that a discharge gas charged in a discharge space where discharge takes place consists of a xenon gas alone and the discharge gas has a pressure of 9.0×104 Pa or lower.

Abstract: A photoconductive switch comprises a first layer (1), two contact layers (2, 3) arranged on said first layer and connectable to different potentials for applying a voltage thereacross, said first layer being adapted to be conducting upon applying a voltage across said contact layers when exposed to light from an illumination source of an energy high enough for lifting charge carriers from the valence band to the conduction band of the material of said first layer. The illumination source is an excimer lamp, in which unstable electronically excited dimers are formed when a voltage is applied across first and second electrodes (12, 13) separated by a gas or gas mixture. The dimers so formed decompose into two gas atoms while emitting a photon of an energy suitable for lifting charge carriers from the valence band to the conduction band of the material of the first layer.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp includes a discharge tube with an ionizable filling which emits ultraviolet light when a discharge occurs, and an inside surface coated with a mixture of three phosphors which emit light in blue-green, green, and red wavelength ranges when exposed to the ultraviolet light. The green and red phosphors are conventional, for example LAP and YOX, while the blue-green phosphor is barium magnesium aluminate activated by europium and manganese (BBG). The BBG has spectra which are similar to those of conventional blue phosphors such as BAM or SCAP, but also emits in the green range from 500-540 nm and augments the LAP which is relatively low in this range.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a plasma generation method of a plasma display panel. The plasma display panel comprises a first substrate and a second substrate positioned in parallel with each other, an ionizable gas filled between the two substrates, and a plurality of first, second, third and fourth electrodes installed on the two substrates. The first and second electrodes are alternately installed in parallel on the first substrate. The third electrodes are installed on the second substrate perpendicular to the first and second electrodes. An area between one of the third electrodes and a pair of neighboring first and second electrodes define a display unit for generating plasma from the ionizable gas in the display unit and driving the plasma. The third electrode of each display unit is used for determining if the plasma within the display unit should remain.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing a fluorescent lamp, four dual tubes that are previously manufactured are held at a distance in such a manner that the dual tubes can move horizontally. Four portions for connection are simultaneously heated, and two of the dual tubes are simultaneously moved horizontally to form bridge portions to provide tube assemblies. Furthermore, annealing after bridge connection and the connection of tube assemblies with a bridge are performed simultaneously. Thus, a compact fluorescent lamp comprising eight glass tubes that are connected with bridges to form continuous discharge paths can be obtained. According to the manufacturing method, bridge connection can be performed in a small space and with high productivity, and a fluorescent lamp having a good quality with minor variations in the quality of the bridge portions can be provided.

Abstract: An electrodeless lamp includes a light transmissive envelope and a fill disposed in the envelope where the fill has the characteristic of emitting light when ignited and is excited by high frequency electrical energy provided by an R.F. or microwave source. The lamp includes a fill material enabling more reliable and effective ignition and shorter restrike intervals after an operating lamp has been extinguished. The fill includes a first component (preferably sulfur, selenium or a mixture of sulfur and selenium) and a second component (preferably xenon gas) included at a partial pressure in the range of 50 to 200 torr. A third component (preferably argon gas) is included at a partial pressure in the range of 5 to 20 torr. Preferably, approximately 5 torr of argon is added to a selected fill pressure of xenon (e.g., a partial pressure of 100 torr or more).

Abstract: An illumination unit including an electrodeless low-pressure discharge lamp (20) and a supply device (50). The lamp has a discharge vessel (30) which encloses in a gastight manner a discharge space (31) which is provided with an ionizable filling. The lamp (20) further has a coil (40) provided with a winding (42) around a sintered core (41) of polycrystalline ferrite material, which winding (42) is connected to the supply device (50). The coil (40) is capable of inducing a high-frequency magnetic field which maintains a discharge in the discharge space (31). The losses in the core (41), when measured at room temperature in a magnetic field with a frequency of 3 MHz and a magnetic flux density of 10 mT, amount to at most 150 mW/cm.sup.3. This has the advantage that the lamp (20) ignites comparatively quickly and loads the supply device (50) comparatively weakly during ignition. The supply device (50) as a result can have a comparatively long useful life.

Abstract: A barium magnesium aluminate phosphor having improved maintenance and efficiency is provided. The novel phosphor is suitable for use in conventional fluorescent lamp applications and applications utilizing VUV excitation, including Xe excimer lamps and plasma display panels.

Abstract: A channel member for a PALC panel has a channel in its surface and a wire in the channel as an electrode of the PALC panel.

Abstract: A field emission cathode has particular use in a light source. The light source includes an evacuated container having walls, at least a portion of which consists of an outer glass layer which on at least a major part thereof is coated on the inside with a layer of phosphor forming a luminescent layer and a conductive layer forming an anode. The layer of phosphor is excited to luminescence by electron bombardment from a field emission cathode located in the interior of the container. A modulator electrode is arranged between the cathode and the anode for creating an electrical field necessary for the emission of electrons. The field emission cathode, includes a base body, and field emitting bodies extending from the base body. The base body includes a longitudinally extending core having a central axis. The field emitting bodies are elongate and are distributed along at least a part of the length of the core, extend radially outwards from the core, and have free ends provided with field emitting surfaces.

Abstract: A high intensity lamp is provided based on an open discharge between a cathode grid anode and a collector. A phosphor layer on the collector is excited by an electron beam to produce light or ultraviolet radiation to produce light.

Abstract: A plasma display device with a phosphor screen, comprising a phosphor composition of an UV-phosphor furnished with a coating which includes one or more catena-polyphosphates of metals of the group formed by the alkaline earth metals, zinc, cadmium and manganese, can effectively be used to counteract degradation of the phosphor by UV-excitation.

Abstract: A lighting unit according to the invention comprises a supply unit (1) and a low-pressure mercury discharge lamp (2). The low-pressure mercury discharge lamp has a light-transmitting discharge vessel (3) which is provided with a luminescent layer (3) on an inner surface and which encloses in a gastight manner a discharge space (4) which is provided with a filling comprising mercury and one or several rare gases. A first (5a) and a second electrode (5b) are arranged in the discharge space, each comprising a coiling of a metal wire coated with one or several electron-emitting metal oxides. Each electrode is electrically connected to a respective current supply conductor (6a, 6b) which extends to outside the discharge vessel (3). The current supply conductors are electrically connected to the supply unit outside the discharge vessel, the unit ignites the low-pressure mercury discharge lamp in the state upon switching-on.

Abstract: This invention discloses a plasma display panel for multi-screen system. The plasma display panel (10) comprises the upper dielectric plate (1) and the lower dielectric plate (2). Cathode electrode (3) and anode electrode (4) are orthogonally located between said plates (1) and (2). These electrodes (3) and (4) form display cell (5) and (6), the cell (5) being formed between barrier ribs (8) and the cell (6) being adjacent to one side of sealing seam (7). The display cells (5) and (6) are separated by barrier ribs (8). The display cell (6) adjacent to the sealing seam are made of a size increasing in direction perpendicular to the sealing seam (7) with respect to the rest of the display cell (5).

Abstract: There are provided a coating composition that can satisfactorily form a film even at a low temperature by chemical means in a simple and stable manner, has excellent film strength, adhesion, protective effect and other properties in the form of a functional film and can form a functional film at a low cost, a process for producing the coating composition, a functional film, and a process for producing the functional films.A hydrolyzable reaction site is partially hydrolyzed to prepare a sol of a partial hydrolyzate which is then coated on a substrate. The coating is then baked to prepare a corresponding metal oxide film, thereby forming a thin protective layer. Since no hydrolyzate is precipitated in the sol of the partial hydrolyzate, excellent film strength, adhesion, protective effect and other properties are offered.

Abstract: A lighting system includes an electrically insulating and transparent or translucent optical material having a plurality of compartments containing a luminous composition, forming a light-emitting material. Structure for passing radiation, preferably radio frequency radiation, through the compartments is provided such that the luminous composition in the compartments will emit light through the optical material. The luminous composition is preferably a gas that is entrained as bubbles in the optical material when it is in the liquid state. The optical material is hardened to seal within the luminous gas and to produce a light-emitting material. Electrodes are used to pass the RF radiation through the light-emitting material. The electrodes can be provided as an adhesive-backed foil which is attached to the light-emitting material.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use as a luminophor in plasma systems of a compound based on an yttrium, lanthanum, gadolinium or lutecium phosphate doped with at least one rare earth chosen from the group comprising terbium, praseodymium, europium and cerium.

Abstract: A high intensity discharge lamp includes a dielectric substrate, a first electrode near the dielectric substrate, a second electrode spaced from the first electrode and near the dielectric substrate, a conductor spaced from the dielectric substrate, and adapted to provide a current return from one of said electrodes to an electrical driver circuit, and at least one metal element near the dielectric substrate. The electrical driver circuit is constructed to produce an electric potential sufficient to cause an electrical breakdown of a medium between the electrodes. The lamp and metal element are also arranged to enable a coolant to flow adjacent to at least one surface of the dielectric substrate to transfer heat from the dielectric substrate to the coolant.

Abstract: A plasma display panel for plasma display system provides excellent optical characteristics, including a color purity, contrast, and luminance, of a plasma display system. Barrier ribs forming a cell has wavelength-selective reflective filters for reflecting only a light of wavelength needed for display and absorbing the other lights coated thereon. The wavelength-selective reflective filters have phosphors coated thereon. A color filter is inserted between a first front panel and second front glass panel for feeding out the light in a sandwich state.

Abstract: A multi-color flat panel display of individually manufactured components operatively assembled to produce a multi-color image from a monochromatic source, the individually manufactured components include a color output assembly for converting a photon pattern produced by the monochromatic source to a corresponding electron pattern for excitation of color phosphors to display a corresponding optical image in color; and an optical collimator for preventing cross-talk between input section pixels of the monochromatic source and unassociated output section pixels of the color output assembly.

Abstract: In order to reduce the address voltage in a gas discharge type display pane, the address electrodes in the display panel are formed on the barrier ribs. Further, a fluorescent layer is coated on the wall surface of the barrier ribs thereby suppressing erroneous light emission or degradation of the fluorescent layer during address discharge.