Abstract: A method of manufacturing a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp comprising a discharge tube (1), to the inner wall of which is applied a layer of luminescent material (4) by means of a suspension of the luminescent material, which suspension is brought into contact with this inner wall in such a manner that a layer of suspension adheres thereto, the non-adhered suspension disappearing from the tube, after which the layer is dried by heating a zone (14) of this layer extending along the tube circumference by means of a high-frequency electric field which from a starting point near the upper end of the tube performs such a movement with respect to the tube that the zone moves towards the lower end of the tube.

Abstract: A fluorescent discharge lamp of improved light output having a plurality of phosphor layers stacked on a substrate of a glass tube so that the concentration of activator for the phosphor layer located near the glass substrate is less than that for the phosphor layer located at a position remote from the glass substrate, thereby to form phosphor layer having a low reflection factor to an ultraviolet ray on the electric discharge side, and a phosphor layer of enhanced quantum efficiency and high reflection factor to the ultraviolet ray on the side of the glass substrate. The ultraviolet ray generated with an electric discharge is caused to be absorbed as much as possible by the phosphor layers thereby to improve the light output. The lamp is used in, for example the field of illumination.

Abstract: The radiant emission of a mercury-argon discharge in a fluorescent lamp assembly (10) is enhanced by providing means (30) for establishing a magnetic field with lines of force along the path of electron flow through the bulb (12) of the lamp assembly, to provide Zeeman splitting of the ultraviolet spectral line. Optimum results are obtained when the magnetic field strength causes a Zeeman splitting of approximately 1.7 times the thermal line width.

Abstract: A display device employs an electric discharge passing through a mixture of gases to form an excimer that fluoresces in the blue/green region of the optical spectrum.

Abstract: Electrodeless gas discharge lamp having a lamp vessel which is closed in a vacuum-tight manner, the lamp comprising a rod-shaped core of a magnetic material, a member of a heat-conducting material (for example copper) extending at or near the axis of the core, heat generated in the core during operation of the lamp being discharged to the environment of the lamp by the member.

Abstract: In a mercury-containing arc discharge device for converting electrical energy into resonance energy, the isotopic distribution of the mercury in the device is altered from that of natural mercury so as to reduce imprisonment time of resonance radiation and thereby increase the efficiency of conversion of electrical energy into resonance radiation. The .sup.196 Hg isotope content of the mercury is greater than that in natural mercury and equal to or less than 1% enrichment of .sup.196 Hg in combination with removal of a portion of the heavy isotopes of .sup.200 Hg and above.

Abstract: Lumen maintenance of fluorescent lamps is improved by applying over the phosphor of the lamps a vapor deposited film of yttrium oxide having a purity of 99.99%. The vapor is generated by electron beam bombardment of an yttrium oxide target and the film is most efficacious when applied to a thickness of from about 120 to about 600 angstroms.

Abstract: The lamp shown herein is a beam mode fluorescent lamp for general lighting applications. The lamp comprises a light transmitting envelope, having a phosphor coating on its inner surface, the envelope encloses a thermionic cathode having a number of segments for emitting electrons, a plurality of anodes for accelerating the electrons and forming a corresponding number of electron beams, and a fill material, such as mercury, which emits ultraviolet radiation upon excitation. The multi-electrode array configuration provides an extended region of electron beam excitation and thereby more visible light. A single power source and pair of connecting conductors perform both cathode heating current and electrode potential difference functions. In addition, this configuration provides for a greater and more complete discharge of the volume within the envelope than single electrode elements. The present invention permits a higher operating voltage, lower power density and a lower operating temperature for the lamp.

Abstract: A discharge lamp device wherein discharging zone within a tubular discharge lamp is caused to exist as selectively biased with respect to the axis of the lamp to render the light distributing characteristic non-uniform in the circumferential direction of the lamp and, utilizing such biased discharging zone, a light of selective color or color tone dependent on a color or color tone determining material disposed along the biased zone is provided. The discharging zone biasing is realized specifically preferably by an electromagnetic means.

Abstract: A multicolor gaseous discharge display device utilizes electroluminescent techniques as a plasma environment. A layer of electroluminescent phosphor material is used as the dielectric layer overlying the conductor electrodes in an A.C. plasma device. In one embodiment for generating a two color display, only one of the dielectric layers uses an electroluminescent phosphor for a two color display. In a second embodiment, both dielectric layers use different electroluminescent material for a three color display. A layer of n-type semiconductor material is required between the conductor electrodes and the phosphor dielectric to reduce the electroluminescent voltage threshold, while a refractory layer is used to protect the phosphor against ion bombardment during discharge of said device.

Abstract: A green light-emitting fluorescent material prepared from terbium-activated lanthanum cerium orthophosphate expressed by the structural formula:La.sub.x Tb.sub.y Ce.sub.z PO.sub.4where:x+y+z=10.05<x<0.350.05<y<0.30.6<z<0.9and a fluorescent lamp comprising said green light-emitting fluorescent material used alone or in combination with any other form of fluorescent material.

Abstract: In a gas discharge display device with a gas discharge space which is separated by a hole matrix from an electron acceleration space, helium, to which an amount of 0.1 to 10% of at least one of the gases argon, crypton, xenon, nitrogen or carbon dioxide is admixed, is used as the filling gas with an overall pressure of 0.5 to 5 mbar to obtain an enhanced contrast effect on the picture screen.

Abstract: The present invention purposes to suppress flickering phenomena which is caused by moving striation of rare gas discharge in a low pressure discharge lamp tube containing therein mercury and a rare gas; an apparatus for lighting a low pressure discharge lamp comprises a discharge tube and static magnetic field generating means, which is for instance a permanent magnet, disposed on the tube or around the tube, and generates a magnetic field to cross an electric field substantially all over the positive column in the tube.

Abstract: A flat-panel gas discharge cathodoluminescent display includes a plurality of mutually parallel, electron-transmissive accelerator electrodes respectively connected to sources of high positive voltage levels to increase the acceleration voltage of the display without causing ionization of the gas.

Abstract: In a mercury-containing arc discharge device for converting electrical energy into resonance radiation, the isotopic distribution of the mercury in the device is altered from that of natural mercury so as to reduce imprisonment time of resonance radiation and thereby increase the efficiency of conversion of electrical energy into resonance radiation.

Abstract: A segment display system (10) whereby ultraviolet energy is generated and contacted with fluorescent material coatings (78) to create electromagnetic wave generation within the visible bandwidth of the electromagnetic spectrum through fluorescent excitation of the fluorescent material coatings (78). Ultraviolet energy is generated from the ionization of metallic atoms from a metallic coating (42) coated to through opening sidewalls (40) of slots (38) forming the cathode mechanism (26). The slot through openings (38) are in registration with the fluorescent material coatings (78) mounted on a display panel member (80). Below the cathode mechanism (26) is a common anode element (62). Each of the metallic coatings (42) formed within each of the slot through openings (38) is coupled to an external electrical source as is the anode element (62).

Abstract: A gas discharge display device has a discharge chamber and a post-acceleration chamber which are separated by a perforated control disc having line and column conductors thereon. The post-acceleration chamber is limited at its lateral boundary by at least one spacing frame which leaves the post-acceleration chamber support-free in its active volume. The inner boundary of the lateral spacing frame substantially coincides with the outer boundary of an active luminescent screen surface which limits one side of the post-acceleration chamber, and the frame has a width such that the inner frame boundary is free of sealing material and which further maintains a separation between the outer edge regions of the potential layers on the opposite sides of the post-acceleration chamber. A high post-acceleration voltage can thus be employed in the post-acceleration chamber without producing arcing.

Abstract: An improved lighting system (10) which in the preferred embodiment includes a cathode (12) having an external surface (34) being coated with a cathode outside film (40) for emitting electrons therefrom. A first anode (14) extends internal to the cathode (12) for heating the cathode (12) to thereby emit electrons from the external surface (34). A second anode (16) is positionally located external to the enclosed cathode (12) for accelerating the electrons emitted from the cathode external surface (34). A bulb member (18) encompasses the cathode (12), the first anode (14), and the second anode (16) in a hermetic type seal. The bulb member (18) has a predetermined gas composition contained therein with the gas composition atoms being ionized by the cathode emitted electrons. The gas composition ionized atoms radiate in the ultraviolet bandwidth of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Abstract: A luminescent screen for flat image display devices, having improved light efficiency comprises a perforated plate (5) positioned on the inside of a luminescent screen glass (1), with the plate holes (6) extending above the individual spaced-apart luminescent areas or phosphor dots and the hole walls (6a) being provided with a metallization layer (8) and/or an extension of the luminescent layer (7) on the glass screen (1). In preferred embodiments, the plate holes are etched so that each hole is enlarged toward the front of the screen and the walls thereof assumes at least an approximately parabolical shape opening toward the glass screen and such angular walls are at least partially coated with a metal layer and/or a luminescent material layer for further improved light efficiency (FIG. 4).

Abstract: An arc discharge device such as a fluorescent lamp comprising an envelope having an inner phosphor coating. Arc discharge filaments are disposed in said envelope together with a rare gas such as argon and an arc spreading initiator gas such as a combination of nitrogen and dichloro-difluoro ethane.

Abstract: A luminescent screen for flat image display devices, having improved light efficiency comprises a glass screen (1) provided on its inner surface with a pattern of recesses (2) corresponding to a desired luminescent dot pattern with luminescent dot surfaces (5) positioned not only along the bottom of such recesses but also along the upwardly extending recess walls and a contrasting border layer (3) is positioned on the land areas between each recess. In producing such screens, the contrasting border layer is utilized as an etch mask for the recesses and as an application mask for the luminescent material.

Abstract: A gas-discharge display device for a flat and fluorescent screen is provided with at least one grid electrode between the matrix-driven control disc and the anode of the fluorescent screen for the specific field distribution in the acceleration space, the grid electrode or electrodes being connected to a respective fixed potential.

Abstract: A spacer mount for a gas-discharge display device in which glass elements are arranged between a control hole plate and a fluorescent screen carrying image points of luminous material has a plurality of glass plates stacked one atop another between the control hole plate and the fluorescent screen. The glass layers include holes aligned with the holes of the control hole plate and the image points, and at least one metal layer is interposed between at least two of the glass plates and has holes aligned with the holes of the control hole plate.

Abstract: A compact fluorescent lamp of high brightness is provided by a partition structure within the lamp that divides the tubular envelope into a plurality of interconnected sectors and also defines a core chamber that is not traversed by the discharge and is of predetermined size relative to the envelope. The core chamber serves both as a conduit or passageway for the lead-in conductors of one of the electrodes and as a means for enhancing the efficacy of the lamp by displacing the discharge outwardly toward the envelope walls and thus minimizing the "light entrapment" effect deep within the envelope and the corner portions of the partition structure. The use of the core chamber as a lead wire conduit permits the electrodes to be located at the same end or opposite ends of the envelope--thereby providing "odd-pass" discharge lamps of single-ended construction or "even-pass" discharge lamps of double-ended construction that can be readily fabricated.

Abstract: Low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp having a relatively small discharge vessel containing as the buffer gas a rare gas mixture which is rich in helium, but which also comprises a quantity of one or more heavier rare gases, preferably crypton. The heavier rare gases increase the arc voltage.

Abstract: A plasma image display device with a gas discharge space and an electron acceleration space in which the gas discharge space is divided off from the electron acceleration space by a light transparent, high vacuum tight partition having a side facing a fluorescent screen which is provided with a photo cathode as an electron source to provide, due to high accelerating voltages, a high image amplification and good image definition.

Abstract: Image scanning apparatus, such as an image pickup device with a photo cathode in a vacuum system or a flat display device with a thermal cathode, having at least one hole matrix for row and column control of the electron stream between its cathode and anode, and at least two separately controllable electrodes for controlling the rows and columns of each row of holes of the hole matrix, the electrodes being arranged in separate planes and tied together in jointly controllable groups permitting a small distance between the cathode and the anode thereby providing a flat camera or display in a television system.

Abstract: There is disclosed a gas discharge device containing at least two electrodes, at least one of the electrodes being insulated from the gas by a dielectric member. There is particularly disclosed a multiple gaseous discharge display/memory panel having an electrical memory and capable of producing a visual display, the panel being characterized by an ionizable gaseous medium in a gas chamber formed by a pair of opposed dielectric material charge storage members, each of which is respectively backed by an array of electrodes, the electrodes behind each dielectric material member being oriented with respect to the electrodes behind the opposing dielectric material member so as to define a plurality of discrete discharge units.At least one dielectric insulating member contains a predetermined beneficial amount of a source of at least one element selected from P, As, Sb, or Bi.The selected element or elements may be utilized in any suitable form, such as a compound, mineral, and/or elemental.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for causing a strobe-type lamp, i.e. gas discharge lamp, to produce readily discernible warning flashes. In a first embodiment, the light output of a strobe-lamp is partially absorbed by a fluorescent material and released shortly after absorption to produce a visible flash of lesser intensity but greater duration than that actually produced by the lamp. In a second embodiment, the strobe lamp is caused to flash a multiplicity of times at a rate sufficient to give the visible impression of a single continuous flash of long duration. A circuit for energizing the strobe lamp consumes power only while the strobe lamp is flashing, and remains deactuated when the lamp is not energized.

Abstract: A fluorescent light source of small physical size and high brightness is provided by making the vitreous envelope of cylindrical configuration and providing it with an inserted partition assembly that is coated with phosphor and longitudinally extends from the hermetically sealed end of the envelope to its flat end wall or face. The partition assembly preferably comprises a series of radiallyextending sheet metal panels that divide the envelope interior into a series of interconnected sectors that define a discharge channel which forces the discharge to follow a retroverted path through the envelope. One end of the partition assembly is seated against the flat end wall of the envelope and its opposite end is seated in keyed interlocked relationship with a disc-like support member that is held in place by the lead-in conductors and has channels which receive the ends of the partition panels.

Abstract: The tubular envelope of a double-ended fluorescent lamp is provided with a partition assembly of sheet metal or other rigid material that is inserted into the envelope in the space between the electrodes and defines a single discharge channel which forces the arc to traverse the envelope an odd number of times in retroverted fashion, thus reducing the size of the lamp and providing a concentrated light source of high brightness. The partition assembly consists of a number of joined panels that radially extend from a common axis to the envelope walls and divide the interior of the envelope into an odd number of sectors that are interconnected and form a continuous discharge channel. Diaphragm components are fastened to each end of the partition assembly and laterally extend across the interior of the envelope to prevent the arc from bypassing the partition assembly or any of its planar segments.

Abstract: The envelope of a fluorescent lamp is provided with a partition assembly of sheet metal or other rigid material that is inserted into the envelope and forces the art discharge to follow a tortuous path which is longer than the envelope, thus reducing the size of the lamp and providing a concentrated light source. The inherent tendency of the arc to bypass the partition by seeking and passing through small gaps or crevices between the envelope wall and the mating edges of the partition assembly is prevented by providing the longitudinal edges of the partition assembly with short laterally-extending flanges that are seated against or closely overlie the envelope wall. The resulting lengthening of the arc-leakage paths through such gaps or crevices creates a "barrier" along the envelope-partition interface which cannot be breached by the arc.

Abstract: The envelope of a single-ended fluorescent lamp is provided with an inserted partition assembly that forces the arc discharge to follow a tortuous path which is longer than the envelope, thus reducing the size of the lamp and providing a concentrated light source which is suited for use in lighting fixtures that are designed for incandescent type lamps. The inherent tendency of the arc to bypass the partition is overcome by seating the end of the partition assembly against a soft gasket of porous material (preferably fibrous in structure) that is located at the sealed end of the envelope and constitutes a barrier to the discharge which blocks the direct arc-path between the adjacent electrodes. The porous gasket is part of a diaphragm assembly and, since it is permeable to gases and vapors, it does not interfere with the evacuation of gaseous impurities and water vapor from the envelope when the lamp is being manufactured.

Abstract: A low pressure metal vapor discharge lamp has a discharge envelope of a double tube structure filled with an inert gas and a small quantity of metal. The discharge envelope comprises a sealed outer glass bulb, and an inner glass tube disposed within the outer glass bulb substantially concentrically therewith and having one open end and the other closed end. The lamp further has a single cathode inside the inner glass tube, a plurality of anodes disposed exteriorly of the inner glass tube and interiorly of the outer glass bulb, and a permanent magnet disposed near the open end of the inner glass tube for applying a magnetic field of a fixed intensity near the open end.

Abstract: Method and device for efficiently generating white light with good color rendition of illuminated objects. This is achieved by blending three different colors of light, namely, a green to yellow-green color of light, an orange to red color of light, and a purplish-blue to greenish-blue color of light. The relative intensities of the blended colors of light are selected to produce white light of predetermined ICI coordinates. The resulting blended light has at most only a limited amount of radiations of a wavelength shorter than 430 nm and at most only a limited amount of radiations of a wavelength longer than 630 nm. Also, the blended light has at most only a limited amount of radiations of a wavelength of about 575 nm and at most only a limited amount of radiations of a wavelength of about 500 nm.

Abstract: A high pressure electric arc tube discharge lamp utilizing low power input. he electrode spacing is less than 20 mm and the arc is electrode-stabilized. The arc tube is of isothermal design. The gas fill of the lamp contains a mixture of metal (i) iodides or (ii) iodides and bromides. The metal halides must include at least the halides of sodium and tin. Mercury is preferred as the buffer gas. When operating, the lamp has a low-color temperature, a luminous efficacy of 80 lms/W and a color-rendering index of about 75. It is suitable for use in interior lighting.

Abstract: There is disclosed a gas discharge device containing at least two electrodes, at least one of the electrodes being insulated from the gas by a dielectric member. There is particularly disclosed a multiple gaseous discharge display/memory panel having an electrical memory and capable of producing a visual display, the panel being characterized by an ionizable gaseous medium in a gas chamber formed by a pair of opposed dielectric material charge storage members, each of which is respectively backed by an array of electrodes, the electrodes behind each dielectric material member being oriented with respect to the electrodes behind the opposing dielectric material member so as to define a plurality of discrete discharge units.At least one dielectric insulating member contains a predetermined beneficial amount of a source of at least one element selected from P, As, Sb, or Bi.The selected element or elements may be utilized in any suitable form, such as a compound, mineral, and/or elemental.

Abstract: A low-pressure gas discharge lamp having an inner tube in the discharge space limited by a lamp envelope the outer wall of which inner tube is provided with a luminescent coating, the portion which is provided with this luminescent coating facing away from the portion of the inner tube which is nearest to the wall of the lamp envelope.

Abstract: An image detection system in which a subject is supported in a position for a source of electromagnetic rays to traverse at least a portion of the subject and have the traversing rays picked up by a photointensifier which directly converts the electromagnetic rays to light rays by use of a fiber optic type scintillator converter, directly converts the light rays to a projected electronic image by a cathode face, intensifies the projected electronic image, converts the intensified electronic image back to light rays and finally displays the converted light rays on a display surface to provide a positive and vivid photographic type image of the traversing rays on the display surface.

Abstract: A flat gas discharge panel comprising two opposed glass plates sealed with a space for gas therebetween and having a plurality of first and second electrodes, respectively mounted on opposite plates in a matrix fashion and further including a plurality of parallel insulator ribs which intersect the first electrodes at right angles and further provide physical separation between the glass plates and the adjacent discharge segments. A plurality of parallel barrier electrodes are mounted on one of the plates in alignment with the insulator ribs so as to maintain the glow from an illuminated section isolated from adjacent sections, and at least two different phosphors for emitting different color lights are mounted in the sections at different positions.

Abstract: An improved reflector layer is provided utilizing a titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) admixture containing up to approximately 15 percent by weight magnesia (MgO). Said reflector layer underlies the phosphor layer, and an aluminum oxide (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) layer can be deposited upon the phosphor layer.

Abstract: An improved luminous radiation panel apparatus of the type in which no separator is used between two substrates and which is thus simple to manufacture, free from erroneous discharge, longer in life and capable of producing a stable discharge. Furthermore, the apparatus has high resolution and brightness and there is no possibility that the excitation of a selected phosphor simultaneously excites the adjacent phosphors. The apparatus is adapted to make a display in color and is suited as a display device, particularly as a television apparatus or character display device.

Abstract: A plasma display panel is provided with front and rear boards each having a plurality of electrode members, respectively. The front and rear boards are spaced apart to define a discharge space filled with an ionizable gas. The front board is equipped with a front glass plate including a fluorescent or phosphorescent element set on its inside surface, and a central plate having a number of holes therethrough. The electrode members of the front board are affixed by a coating to an inside surface of the central plate. The fluorescent or phosphorescent elements are placed at the rear of the electrode members on the central plate.

Abstract: A gaseous discharge display panel in which in order to display images of good quality with high brightness and high efficiency a discharge unit constituting of a picture element of the display panel is formed as an elongated fine section extending in parallel to the display plane and discharge is produced in the longitudinal direction of the discharge unit so as to display images with the aid of plane discharge. Particularly in order to display color images on the front and/or rear side of the discharge unit there is arranged an insulating sheet to which fluorescent materials are applied in such a manner that the fluorescent materials are opposed near a discharge plasma with a large area and an ultra-violet ray produced by the discharge can excite efficiently the fluorescent materials.

Abstract: A flat discharge panel comprises a plurality of cathodes parallel to one another, a plurality of intermediate electrodes each of which intersects the cathodes, and has holes at parts intersecting with the respective cathodes and which are parallel to one another. Anodes are disposed on the sides of the intermediate electrodes remote from the cathodes in a manner to be respectively parallel with the cathodes and auxiliary discharge spaces are provided for the respective cathodes. Main discharge spaces are provided in the anodes in correspondence with the respective priming holes of the intermediate electrodes, so that principally electrons in plasma, created in the auxiliary discharge space, are diffused and accelerated into the main discharge space. A method of driving the flat discharge panel including scanning, based on the transfer of the glow of the auxiliary discharge, is carried out by the use of the intermediate electrodes.

Abstract: An indium oxide coating is used on the inside surface of a vapor electric discharge lamp, such as a fluorescent lamp, to reduce the starting voltage. The coating is especially effective at low temperatures, but also reduces the voltage even at room temperatures. It is particularly useful also in lamps using certain mixed inert gases with the mercury, since the mixtures used generally require a higher starting voltage than the ordinary fluorescent lamps containing argon and mercury vapor.