Abstract: In a display device including, a display area having a plurality of organic EL devices on a substrate; a peripheral area having a driving circuit for the organic EL devices and surrounding the display area on the substrate; and an organic insulating film covering at least the driving circuit, the organic insulating film has a separating groove which divides itself into the inner part and outer part at the periphery of the display area.

Abstract: A light-mixing multichip package structure includes a substrate unit, a light-emitting unit, a frame unit, and a package unit. The light-emitting unit includes at least one first light-emitting module with red light-emitting chips and at least one second light-emitting module with blue light-emitting chips. The frame unit includes at least one first continuous colloid frame and at least one second continuous colloid frame respectively surrounding the first light-emitting module and the second light-emitting module. The package unit includes a transparent colloid body and a phosphor colloid body respectively covering the first light-emitting module and the second light-emitting module. Hence, when the red light source generated by matching the red light-emitting chips and the transparent colloid body and the white light source generated by matching the blue light-emitting chips and the phosphor colloid body are mixed with each other, the CRI of the light-mixing multichip package structure can be increased.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode (OLED) display device and a method of fabricating the same. The OLED display device includes a substrate, a thin film transistor on the substrate and including a semiconductor layer, a gate electrode, a gate insulating layer, a source electrode and a drain electrode. A passivation layer is on an entire surface of the substrate including the thin film transistor. A planarization layer is on the passivation layer. A first electrode is on the planarization layer and electrically coupled to any one of the source electrode or the drain electrode. A metal mixture layer is on substantially the entire surface of the substrate and includes a conductive region and a non-conductive region. An organic emitting layer and a second electrode both are on the metal mixture layer.

Abstract: A stacked body comprising a light emitting layer and a light detecting element which detects light emitted by the light emitting layer. The light detecting element has a light detecting region which overlaps a light emitting surface of the light emitting layer as viewed in the thickness direction of the light emitting layer.

Abstract: Provided is a flat panel display apparatus including a sealant which has a small effective width and is able to effectively attach a substrate and an encapsulation substrate. The flat panel display apparatus includes the substrate, a display unit disposed on the substrate, the encapsulation substrate disposed facing the substrate so that the display unit is disposed on inner side of the encapsulation substrate, and the sealant attaching the substrate and the encapsulation substrate, wherein an end surface of the sealant facing the substrate contacts a silicon oxide layer disposed on the substrate.

Abstract: A translucent conductive film-forming coating liquid that can form a translucent conductive film having excellent translucency and conductivity together with organic solvent resistance includes conductive oxide acicular powder dispersed in a solvent containing a binder resin, the glass transition point (Tg) of the binder resin being 120° C. or more.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electroluminescent fabric embedding an illuminated fabric display. The electroluminescent fabric according to the present invention comprises: a foundation layer composed of a synthetic, regenerated or natural fiber; a polymer layer stacked on the base layer; a first bus bar stacked on the polymer layer; a transparent electrode layer stacked on the first bus bar; a fluorescent layer stacked on the transparent electrode layer; a dielectric layer stacked on the fluorescent layer; an interface electrode layer stacked on the dielectric layer; and a second bus bar connected to the interface electrode layer.

Abstract: A composite article comprises a substrate having at least a substrate surface and a graded-composition coating disposed on a substrate surface. The composition of the coating material varies substantially continuously across its thickness. The coating reduces the transmission rates of oxygen, water vapor, and other chemical species through the substrate such that the composite article can be used effectively as a diffusion barrier to protect chemically sensitive devices or materials. An organic light-emitting device incorporates such a composite article to provide an extended life thereto.

Abstract: Provided is a white light emitting diode (LED) including a blue LED chip; and yellow, green, and red light emitting phosphors that are coated on the blue LED chip at a predetermined mixing ratio and converts light, emitted from the blue LED chip, into white light.

Abstract: The invention provides an optoelectric device, in particular an organic light emitting diode device comprising a substrate, a first electrode applied on the substrate, a second electrode, a layer of an organic light emitting material which is arranged in between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a multilayer seal applied onto the second electrode which multilayer seal comprises at least one layer of a high density material and at least one layer of an organic material in which organic material a moisture scavenging agent has been incorporated, which moisture scavenging agent comprises an organic composition that does not generate an acidic proton when subjected to hydrolysis. The invention also relates to an article comprising said organic light emitting device, and a method for preparing said device.

Abstract: In an organic light emitting diode display including a first pixel and a second pixel that are associated with respective different colors, each of the first and second pixels being for displaying its associated color, each of the first and second pixels includes: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and a light emitting member formed between the first electrode and the second electrode; wherein the light emitting member of the first pixel includes: at least two light-emitting elements for emitting light of the color associated with the first pixel; and a charge generation layer between the at least two light-emitting elements; and wherein the second pixel has fewer light-emitting elements than the first pixel.

Abstract: The present invention includes light valve section (10) having a plurality of shutter mechanisms (14) that switch between a transmitting state and a shading state of light emitted from light emitting element (25); and substrate (16) through which light that exits plurality of shutter mechanisms (14) is transmitted. The display element also has plasmon coupling section (11) that causes plasmon coupling to occur with light that exits the light valve section (10). Plasmon coupling section (11) includes carrier generation layer (17) that generates carriers with incident light that exits light valve section (10), plasmon excitation layer (19) that has a higher plasma frequency than the frequency of light that is generated in carrier generation layer (17) excited with the light emitted from light emitting element (25), and wave number vector conversion layer (22) that converts the light or surface plasmons generated in plasmon excitation layer (19) into light having a predetermined exit angle.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a transistor over a substrate and an insulating film over the transistor. The light-emitting device further includes a wiring over the insulating film and a light-emitting element. The insulating film includes a first opening and a second opening, and the wiring is electrically connected to the transistor through the first opening. The light-emitting element is provided in the second opening, and includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and an organic compound layer provided between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: An EL device (1), contains: a transparent support (21), a conductive layer (2), a phosphor layer (3), a reflection insulating layer (4), and a back electrode (5); wherein the conductive layer (2), the phosphor layer (3), the reflection insulating layer (4) and the back electrode (5) are provided on the transparent support (21) in this order, and wherein the conductive layer (2) includes silica in an amount of 0.05 g/m2 or more.

Abstract: Electronic articles such as, for example, electroluminescent lamps useful for displays and method of making the same are provided. The electronic articles include a substrate, a conductive element adjacent to the substrate, a high dielectric composite adjacent to the conductive element and an electrically-active layer adjacent to at least a portion of the high dielectric composite. The high dielectric composite includes a polymeric binder and from 1 to 80 volume percent of filler retained in the binder. The filler comprises particles that include an electrically-conducting layer and an insulating layer substantially surrounding the electrically-conducting layer. In some embodiments the binder includes a pressure-sensitive adhesive and the composite has adhesive properties.

Abstract: A flat panel display device including a display area where an image is displayed and a non-display area located at an outside of the display area includes bank portions arranged in a pattern in the display area and partitioning a plurality of openings, emission elements located in the openings, dummy bank portions formed in the non-display area and integrated therewith, and a sealing passivation layer having a multi-layered structure of organic films and inorganic films alternately arranged, one organic film being located at an interface directly contacting the emission element and one inorganic film located firstly on an outermost portion of the dummy bank portions when the sealing passivation layer extends from the display area to the non-display area.

Abstract: An active matrix electroluminescence display device and a method for fabricating the same, whereby damage caused by UV light rays during the fabrication process can be prevented, are disclosed. The active matrix electroluminescence display device includes a plurality of transistors formed on a substrate having an emissive area and a non-emissive area defined thereon, an insulating layer formed on the substrate and the thin film transistors, a metallic protective layer formed on the insulating layer of the non-emissive area, a first electrode formed on the insulating layer of the emissive area, an electroluminous layer formed on the first electrode, and a second electrode formed on the electroluminous layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic light emitting device which can reduce the angle dependency of the emission brightness and the emission color, and has a small change in the emission brightness and the emission color with respect to film thickness fluctuations, and can increase use efficiency of the light. The organic light emitting device of the present invention has a plurality of emission layers 3 between an anode 1 and a cathode 2, and the emission layers 3 are separated from each other by an equipotential surface forming layer 4 or a charge generating layer 4. The feature of the present invention resides in that the organic light emitting device has, at least either inside or outside the device, a light scattering means 5 for scattering light emitted from the emission layers 3.

Abstract: A substrate for an organic light-emitting device, especially a transparent glass substrate, which includes, on a first main face, a bottom electrode film, the electrode film being formed from a thin-film multilayer coating comprising, in succession, at least: a contact layer based on a metal oxide and/or a metal nitride; a metallic functional layer having an intrinsic electrical conductivity property; an overlayer based on the metal oxide and/or a metal nitride, especially for matching the work function of said electrode film, said substrate including a base layer, said base layer covering said main face.

Abstract: An electroluminescent device is provided. The electroluminescent device includes an intrinsically conductive polymer layer having a thickness of from about 0.1 to about 3 microns and an elongation less than about 100%; and a phosphor layer having a thickness from about 20 microns to about 70 microns. The electroluminescent device demonstrates a loss of brightness of less than about 10% after undergoing repeated creasing, crushing, flexing, twisting, abrading, and/or stretching.

Abstract: When a light-emitting element having an intermediate conductive layer between a plurality of light-emitting layers is formed, the intermediate conductive layer can have transparency; and thus, materials are largely limited and the manufacturing process of an element becomes complicated by a conventional method. A light-emitting element according to the present invention is formed by sequentially stacking a pixel electrode, a first light-emitting layer, an intermediate conductive layer (including an electron injecting layer and a hole-injecting layer, one of which is island-like), a second light-emitting layer and an opposite electrode.

Abstract: A light-emitting device is described with a flat light-emitting element on a substrate and is encapsulated under a cover. The cover is supported by at least one support element in a central section at a distance from the edge of the light-emitting element. Further provided are indentations in the surface facing the light-emitting element, in which is a cavity containing a getter material. At the boundary, the cover is sealed to the substrate with a sealing compound.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting component, having a substrate, a first electrode arranged on the substrate, a layer stack that is arranged on the first electrode and that has at least one organic layer and a second electrode arranged on the layer stack. The layer stack is suitable for emitting electromagnetic radiation during operation. The component also has a receiver device, which is suitable for drawing energy from an alternating electromagnetic field and for converting this energy at least partially into electrical energy and for making this energy available to the layer stack.

Abstract: A display apparatus comprises a display unit which has a plurality of organic EL elements two-dimensionally arranged to define pixels. Each organic EL element comprises a first electrode, an organic EL layer, and a second electrode laminated in order on an optically transparent substrate. One of the first electrode and second electrode is an optically transparent electrode, while the other is a non-optically transparent electrode. The non-optically transparent electrode is disposed to exist only in part of each pixel, as viewed from vertically above (for example, the width of the electrode is made smaller than the width of a pixel). In this way, the display unit can transmit light through portions of the pixels in which the non-optically transparent electrodes are not disposed. Preferably, the non-optically transparent electrode includes a mirror surface opposite to the organic EL layer.

Abstract: Provided are an organic light-emitting display device and a manufacturing method of the organic light emitting display device. The organic light-emitting display device includes: a substrate; a display unit formed on the substrate; an encapsulation substrate formed above the display unit; a first sealant bonding the substrate and the encapsulation substrate; a filler formed between the substrate and the encapsulation substrate; and a second sealant interposed between the first sealant and the filler so as to separate the filler from the first sealant, wherein a distance of a portion of the substrate and the encapsulation substrate is smaller than that of other portions of the substrate and the encapsulation substrate. Accordingly, penetration of impurities, such as oxygen or water, from the outside into the organic light emitting display device is prevented.

Abstract: To further improve light extraction efficiency, a light-emitting apparatus includes a cavity for resonating light emitted from a emission layer between a first reflective surface and a second reflective surface. The first reflective surface is located on a first electrode side relative to the emission layer. The second reflective surface is located on a second electrode side relative to the emission layer. A periodic structure for extracting, to outside of a light-emitting device, light which is generated from the emission layer and wave-guided in an in-plane direction of the light-emitting device between the first reflective surface and the second reflective surface is formed in the first reflective surface, or in the second reflective surface, or between the first reflective surface and the second reflective surface.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device comprising: a transparent substrate; a first electrode; a second reflective electrode and an organic light-emitting region for emitting light of a wavelength 1 from a recombination zone within the light-emissive region, and a microcavity formed between the substrate and the second electrode, the distance between the transparent substrate and the second electrode being [(¼ni)l+(½nj)al]±40 nm, where a is zero or a positive integer, ni is an average refractive index of the material disposed between the recombination zone and the second electrode and nj is an average refractive index of the material disposed between the recombination zone and the substrate.

Abstract: An electroluminescent article is described, wherein the article includes one or more electroluminescent structures, which may in some embodiments be discontinuous from each other. The article further includes one or more retroreflective structures and, optionally, a removable carrier film disposed over the electroluminescent structures and the retroreflective structures. In some embodiments, the retroreflective structures may be disposed at least partially in the light path capable of being emitted by one or more of the electroluminescent structures. Exemplary articles may, optionally, include connectors between electroluminescent structures that comprise conductive adhesive. Exemplary articles according to the present disclosure may be disposed in roll form. The present disclosure also includes methods for making such articles.

Abstract: A segmented electroluminescent device (100) with resistive interconnect layers (102), each segment (104,104?, 104?) comprising an electroluminescent layer (110) arranged in between a first (106) and a second electrode (108) layer. The segments (104, 104?, 104?) are connected via resistive interconnect layers (102), the resistive interconnect layers having a larger square resistance than the second electrode layer. The resistive interconnect layers (102) add a ballast resistance to the electroluminescent device such that no additional electric ballast is needed. As the electric ballast is divided over multiple layers the problem of a heat management for the electric ballast becomes less important. By adding an isolation layer (122) the surface of the resistive interconnect layers (102) can be increased to almost the whole surface of the electroluminescent device (100). The system of the electrode layer (108), the isolating layer (122) and the resistive layer (102) functions as a capacitor.

Abstract: A light emitting device having at least one pixel having a light emitting element includes a substrate, a partition wall formed over the substrate, and a luminous layer of the light emitting element, where the luminous layer is formed in at least one groove partitioned by the partition wall. The partition wall has a plurality of first partition walls and at least one second partition wall. Each of the first partition walls is extending in the first direction and the second partition wall is formed to extend in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction and connect end portions of the plurality of first partition walls. A lyophobic degree of the second partition wall is lower than that of a center region between both ends of each of the first partition walls in the first direction.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to prevent an insulating film from peeling in a section where the insulating film is adjacent to a sealing region. Over a first substrate 104, a pixel portion 100 provided with a light emitting element, a source driver 101, a gate driver 102, and a sealing region 103 are provided. A light emitting element is sealed between the first substrate 104 and a second substrate 110 by a sealant 108. An insulating film 107 serves as a partition wall of the light emitting element. An end portion of the insulating film 107 which is adjacent to the sealing region 103 does not overlap with a step formed by a side surface and an upper surface of a conductive film 106 which serves as a wiring.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an illumination device includes an organic light-emitting unit, a first electrode, a second electrode and an optical layer. The organic light-emitting unit includes an organic light-emitting layer, a first and a second major surface. The first electrode is provided on the first major surface. The second electrode is provided on the second major surface and includes a conductive layer, a first interconnection and a second interconnection. The first interconnection is electrically connected to the conductive layer and aligned in a first direction parallel to the first major surface. The second interconnection is electrically connected to the conductive layer and aligned apart from the first interconnection and parallel to the first interconnection. The optical layer is provided on a side of the second electrode opposite to the organic light-emitting unit and includes a low refractive index portion and a high refractive index portion.

Abstract: The various embodiments of the invention provide an addressable or a static emissive display comprising a plurality of layers, including a first substrate layer, wherein each succeeding layer is formed by printing or coating the layer over preceding layers. Exemplary substrates include paper, plastic, rubber, fabric, glass, ceramic, or any other insulator or semiconductor. In an exemplary embodiment, the display includes a first conductive layer attached to the substrate and forming a first plurality of conductors; various dielectric layers; an emissive layer; a second, transmissive conductive layer forming a second plurality of conductors; a third conductive layer included in the second plurality of conductors and having a comparatively lower impedance; and optional color and masking layers.

Abstract: An active matrix organic electroluminescent device includes a thin-film transistor, an organic electroluminescent device, and a spacer layer deposited between the thin-film transistor and the organic electroluminescent device, wherein the spacer layer is made of adhesive for a dual curing system selected from the group consisting of ultraviolet curing-thermal curing, ultraviolet curing-microwave curing, ultraviolet curing-anaerobic curing, and ultraviolet curing-electron beam curing system. The present invention solves the poor adhesiveness between the thin-film transistor and the organic electroluminescent device, and improves the moisture and oxygen proof ability. The preparation method is simple, effective, and able to lower the cost and difficulty, and greatly improve the yield rate of the device.

Abstract: A light-emitting composition comprising (A) a compound having a cyanoethyl group, (B) an adhesive resin material and (C) an electroluminescent material, wherein an amount of the component (B) is from 1 to 1,000 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the component (A); an electroluminescent sheet comprising at least a first electrode, an electroluminescent layer and a second electrode, laminated in this order, wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is transparent, and the electroluminescent layer contains the light-emitting composition; and a method for producing thereof are provided. Specifically, an electroluminescent sheet that can be produced at ambient temperature without heating, has high productivity, and can be mass produced at low cost, a method for producing thereof, and a light-emitting composition used therein are provided.

Abstract: An electro-luminescent display panel including an active device array substrate, a pixel definition layer, electro-luminescent devices, an electrode layer and a protective layer is provided. The substrate includes pixel electrodes. The pixel definition layer on the substrate includes openings, each exposing the corresponding one of the pixel electrodes. The electro-luminescent devices are in the openings. Each electro-luminescent device layer is on the corresponding one of the pixel electrode. The electrode layer is on the pixel definition layer and the electro-luminescent devices. The protective layer including a buffer layer, a first and a second encapsulation films is on the electrode layer. The buffer layer covers the pixel definition layer and the electro-luminescent devices. The first encapsulation film partially covers the buffer layer. The first encapsulation film includes island patterns on the pixel electrodes. The second encapsulation film covers the buffer layer and the first encapsulation film.

Abstract: A light emitting device according to an embodiment includes: a body including a cavity formed with a stepped section; an electrode of which one end is disposed on the stepped section and the other end is disposed outside of the body; a heat sink including a main frame and a sub frame, wherein the sub frame includes a slope and a portion of the heat sink is disposed outside of the body; and a light emitting diode disposed on the heat sink.

Abstract: A light emitting device includes a semiconductor nanocrystal and a charge transporting layer that includes an inorganic material. The charge transporting layer can be a hole or electron transporting layer. The inorganic material can be an inorganic semiconductor.

Abstract: One object is to provide a lighting device having a large irradiation range at low cost. One object is to provide a lighting device with improved light extraction efficiency at low cost. The lighting device includes a light-transmitting base, a first light-transmitting electrode formed over almost the whole area of a surface of the light-transmitting base, an EL layer over the first light-transmitting electrode, and a second electrode over the EL layer. The light-transmitting base has a cylindrical shape, a conical shape, a prismatic shape, or a pyramidal shape whose bottom surface is the surface of the light-transmitting base.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a light-emitting element with high luminous efficiency, and a light-emitting element of low-voltage driving. Another object is to provide a light-emitting device with low power consumption by using the light-emitting element. Another object is to provide an electronic appliance with low power consumption by using the light-emitting device in a display portion. A light-emitting element includes, between a pair of electrodes, a layer containing a composite material of a first organic compound and an inorganic compound and a layer containing a second organic compound being in contact with the layer containing the composite material, wherein the second organic compound does not have a peak of an absorption spectrum in a wavelength region of 450 to 800 nm if the second organic compound is compounded with the inorganic compound.

Abstract: A radiation emitting device includes a substrate and a layer sequence disposed on top of the substrate. The layer sequence includes a first electrode surface with a first contact for applying a voltage, at least one functional layer that emits radiation during operation, and a second electrode surface. In the layer sequence, a plurality of partial regions is present that is modified in such a way that the emission of radiation visible to an external observer therefrom is interrupted. The distribution density of these partial regions can vary depending on their distance from the contact.

Abstract: An organic electro-luminescence display device includes at least one light emission device, the organic light emission device having a first electrode; at least one thin film transistor for driving the light emission device, a pixel electrode being connected to the at least one thin film transistor; a conductive layer formed of a conductive polymer material to electrically connect the light emission device and the pixel electrode.

Abstract: In a display device and a method of manufacturing the display device, the display device has a substrate having a first region and a second region disposed at a peripheral portion of the first region. The substrate includes a plurality of first electrodes disposed on the first region and an insulation member selectively disposed in the first region. The insulating member has a plurality of openings that expose a portion corresponding to the first electrodes. The substrate includes light emitting patterns are disposed on the first electrodes through the openings and the substrate has a second electrode disposed on the light emitting patterns. Accordingly, the thickness of the light emitting patterns is uniformity so that the quality of an image generated from the light emitting patterns is improved.

Abstract: An organic EL element has excellent features as compared with other electroluminescent elements, but on the other hand, has a problem that the life of the element is not sufficiently long. In addition, since the organic EL element is expected to be applied to a mobile display and the like, it is also important to improve power efficiency. Hence, an object of the invention is to provide an element structure to realize an improvement in power efficiency and an improvement in the life of the element at the same. In the construction of an organic EL element of the invention, the first electroluminescent film 303 is sandwiched by the first anode 302 and a cathode 304, and the second electroluminescent film 305 and the second anode 306 are laminated over the cathode 304. At this time, the first anode 302 is put into contact with the second anode 306 to form a parallel circuit to decrease an electric current passing through the respective electroluminescent films.

Abstract: This light-emitting device includes a first electrode, a second electrode disposed opposite to the first electrode and a phosphor layer which is sandwiched between the first electrode and the second electrode and constituted by dispersing n-type semiconductor particles in a p-type semiconductor medium. A light-emitting device in another embodiment includes a first electrode, a second electrode disposed opposite to the first electrode and a phosphor layer which is sandwiched between the first electrode and the second electrode wherein a p-type semiconductor is segregated among the n-type semiconductor particles.

Abstract: A light-emitting sheet which does not cause failures such as a short circuit without causing dielectric breakdown at the end of element at applying a voltage and which is able to realize stable driving is provided.

Abstract: There are provided a perovskite oxide thin film EL element in which a hole transport layer/a light-emitting layer/an electron transport layer comprising a perovskite oxide thin film are formed on a lower electrode, and an upper electrode is formed thereon, and a perovskite oxide thin film EL element that provides red light emission in the vicinity of a wavelength of 610 nm, which is the basis of display making. A perovskite oxide thin film EL element comprising a lower electrode 1 comprising a polished single crystal substrate, an electron transport layer 2 comprising a perovskite oxide thin film, which is a dielectric, formed on the lower electrode 1, a light-emitting layer 3 comprising a perovskite oxide thin film formed on the electron transport layer 2, a hole transport layer 4 comprising a perovskite oxide thin film, which is a dielectric, formed on the light-emitting layer 3, a buffer layer 5 formed on the hole transport layer 4, and a transparent upper electrode 6 formed on the buffer layer 5.

Abstract: An OLED display includes a first substrate including a thin film transistor and an OLED, and a second substrate on the first substrate and including a corner-cube pattern facing the first substrate.

Abstract: The various embodiments of the invention provide an addressable or a static emissive display comprising a plurality of layers, including a first substrate layer, wherein each succeeding layer is formed by printing or coating the layer over preceding layers. Exemplary substrates include paper, plastic, rubber, fabric, glass, ceramic, or any other insulator or semiconductor. In an exemplary embodiment, the display includes a first conductive layer attached to the substrate and forming a first plurality of conductors; various dielectric layers; an emissive layer; a second, transmissive conductive layer forming a second plurality of conductors; a third conductive layer included in the second plurality of conductors and having a comparatively lower impedance; and optional color and masking layers. Pixels are defined by the corresponding display regions between the first and second plurality of conductors.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes: a plurality of light-emitting elements each of which has an anode, a thin organic light-emitting layer, and a cathode sequentially stacked on a substrate and emits light by excitation due to an electric field, the anode being separated from another anode by an insulating pixel partition wall; an organic buffer layer that is formed of an organic compound, covers an area larger than a region where the plurality of light-emitting elements are formed, has a step difference smaller than that of an upper surface of the cathode on the substrate, and is approximately flat; and first and second gas barrier layers that are formed of an inorganic compound, are disposed on an outer surface of the organic buffer layer, and protect the plurality of light-emitting elements against air.