Abstract: A lamp assembly that comprises a hollow arc discharge light source having a center arc chamber containing an arc generating and sustaining medium and first and second ends with an electrode receiving capillary extending from each end and arrayed along a longitudinal axis. The ends are cylindrical in cross-section. An electrode structure is positioned in each of the capillaries and each of these electrode structures comprises a proximal electrode end projecting into the interior of the center arc chamber, a distal end projecting exteriorly of said capillary and an intermediate section therebetween. A first area of the intermediate section is sealed to the capillary in an hermetic manner and a second area of the intermediate section is exposed to the medium. A tubular shroud surrounds the light source and is coaxial with the longitudinal axis. The shroud has two ends. A pair of spring clips, one at each end of said shroud, mount the light source within the shroud.

Abstract: An apparatus for improving the performance of a ceramic metal halide (CMH) lamp includes an interior chamber (12) disposed within an outer envelope (10). In a preferred arrangement, two legs (14, 16) extend laterally in opposite directions from the chamber. Each leg encloses an electrode/leadwire assembly (22, 24). The electrode/leadwire assembly is constructed from a single continuous piece of wire, preferably tungsten, which forms a shaft or mandrel (50). One end of the mandrel supports an electrode tip (52) which is also preferably made from tungsten. The mandrel also supports an overwind component (54) at a predetermined position. In a desired arrangement, the overwind component is made from molybdenum. The single or one-piece mandrel negates the need for a welded shank assembly resulting in a stronger and more stable lamp that is less expensive to manufacture.

Abstract: Flat Light is a light bulb diamond in shape with a flat top and a spiraling coil for maximum light emissions.

Abstract: A short arc discharge lamp has improved starting properties in which there is no danger of damaging the arc tube that surrounds a discharge space and in which the radiant light from the arc tube is not adversely shielded. This is achieved by providing the short arc discharge lamp with a first electrode having an electrical potential and to which a high voltage is applied, and a second electrode opposite the first at a in spaced relationship. Additionally, in the discharge space, there is positioned at least one conductive component with a tip projecting into the discharge space. The conductive component has an electrical potential which is identical to the electrical potential of the first electrode and has a tip spaced a distance from the second electrode which is greater than the distance between the first and the second electrode.

Abstract: A cold cathode lamp according to the present invention provide with: electrodes fixed on respective ends of a glass tube; filling a rare gas or a rare gas and mercury vapor in the glass tube; and at least surfaces of the electrodes are composed the nitride, said nitride is composed at least one of titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), niobium (Nb) and tantalum (Ta).

Abstract: The present invention is a short arc type ultra-high pressure discharge lamp in which a pair of electrodes 3 are disposed inside an arc tube 1 that comprises quartz glass, seal portions 2 are formed that comprise quartz glass and extend to both sides of the arc tube 1, and at least 0.15 mg/mm3 of mercury is filled into the arc tube 1, wherein a metal foil 4 is embedded in each of the seal portions 2, and metal granular lumps 6 are protrusively provided on surfaces of each metal foil 4.

Abstract: A sealing electrode for discharge lamp having electrically conductive cup, and an emitter pellet is disclosed. The cup seals a passage into the discharge lamp, and additionally supports the electrode pellet or tip for the discharge. The design enables the emitter, electrode and seal structure to be made separately off line, while also enabling the emitter to be protected from contaminants during subsequent assembly.

Abstract: A discharge device is described that contains an anode, a cathode, and an insulating layer disposed between the anode and the cathode. A cavity is extends entirely through at least one of the anode or cathode and penetrates the dielectric layer. At least one of the anode or cathode may include a screen or the dielectric layer may have a plurality of films with at least two different dielectric constants. The voltage differences between the anode and cathode in each of multiple devices electrically connected together may be limited.

Abstract: An incandescent light bulb includes a lamp envelope, a coiled filament with a predetermined amperage rating disposed inside the lamp envelope, and current supply wires that electrically connect a pair of opposite terminal ends of the filament to a power supply. The power supply has a predetermined nominal voltage range for causing a current to flow through the filament sufficient to heat the same to a temperature at which it emits visible light. In one arrangement the filament has a pair of end segments and a central segment between the end segments. The end segments of the filament have a first pitch which is smaller than a second pitch of the central segment of the filament. With this configuration, more of the length of the coil will be heated to the maximum operating temperature while avoiding peak temperature areas that lead to failures. The variable pitch of the filament increases the brightness of the light bulb without decreasing its life.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to improve the thermal radiation characteristic of the electrodes in a high pressure discharge lamp of the short arc type in which the input power has been increased in order to increase the amount of radiant light, and to reduce the electrode temperature with high efficiency. The object is achieved as claimed in the invention in a high pressure discharge lamp of the short arc type in the emission tube of which there is a pair of electrodes, in that at least part of the sides of the above described electrodes is provided with a groove area, that the depth D of this groove area is within 12% of the electrode diameter and that the relation D/P is between the depth D of the groove area and the pitch P between the grooves is greater than or equal to 2.

Abstract: A high-resolution fluorescent luminous tube is provided wherein no light leaks from the gap between electrodes and fluorescent substance layers are formed with high precision. The fluorescent luminous tube includes anode conductors 3 and bars of a grid 8, arranged over an inner surface of a translucent insulating substrate 1 and spaced apart from one another, the anode conductors each having an opening which exposes the substrate, and a fluorescent substance layer 5 formed in the opening. Light emission of the fluorescent substance layer caused by impingement of electrons emitted from a cathode is observed from the outside of the substrate via the opening. The lightproof insulating layer 12 is formed in the gap between each anode conductor and each bar of the grid. The lightproof insulating layer 12 can block light emission leaking to the front surface through the gap between an anode conductor and a bar of the grid formed on the substrate, thus improving the display contrast.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp includes a quartz glass bulb having an expanded portion and sealing portions, conductive elements, and a pair of electrodes. The conductive elements are sealed at the sealing portions of the quartz glass bulb. Each electrode is disposed so as to be opposite the other and connected to one conductive element. The lamp is characterized in that Dp (the distance between an end of each electrode) is in the range between 1.0 and 1.6 mm, S (the longest length of the expanded portion in the direction of a discharge path)=e×Di (wherein 0.8<e<1.0), Di (the largest inside diameter of the expanded portion transverse to the discharge path)=g×Dp (wherein 4<g<8 ), and Do (the largest outside diameter of the expanded portion transverse to the discharge path)<Di+4 mm.

Abstract: A discharge tube is comprised of a glass bulb, a cathode, and an anode. Impregnating porous tungsten with barium makes the cathode tip portion. A clearance between the end face of a lead rod and the end face of the cathode tip portion is filled with a molybdenum-ruthenium brazing filler metal.

Abstract: In a polarized electrical component, a first electrode is provided at an inner-side bottom face of the component, and a second electrode is provided at an outer-side bottom face of the component. One of the first and second electrodes serves as an anode electrode, and the other serves as a cathode electrode.

Abstract: To realize high irradiation efficiency and intensity stability for extending lifetime of the short-arc discharge lamp to be used for IC exposure apparatus or the like. For this end, mercury and rare gases are sealed in the inner space 21 of the discharge tube 1. The rare gases are a mixture of a relatively high molecular weight rare gas such as xenon, krypton, argon, etc. and 5%-40% by volume of a relatively low molecular weight rare gas such as helium, neon, etc. And pressure of the mixed rare gases is set to 2 atmospheric pressure or higher. The anode 3 comprises the columnar body portion 14, the tapered portion 13 and the flat portion 12.

Abstract: Tungsten electrodes are arranged on two rhenium rods in an electrode chamber in a high-pressure gas discharge lamp, such that the rhenium rods project to inside the electrode chamber.

Abstract: An electrode structure for a plasma display panel has a plurality of unit discharge sections arranged in a discharge space. The electrode structure includes a pair of bus electrodes, and a pair of branch electrodes respectively extending from the bus electrodes in each of the unit discharge sections. The bus electrodes each extend along a row of the matrix array of the unit discharge sections. The branch electrodes each obliquely extend across a discharge region in each of the unit discharge sections so that the discharge gap defined between the branch electrodes is skewed with respect to a column of the matrix array of the unit discharge sections.

Abstract: A high-pressure metal halide discharge lamp includes a sealed light-transmitting discharge vessel, first and second electrodes disposed in the discharge space, and a pair of conductive wires connected to the respective electrodes. The sealed light-transmitting discharge vessel has a pair of seals and envelops a discharge space, which has a gas filling comprising rare gas and metal halides. A first electrode with an emitter disposed in the discharge space at an one side is made of a metal having a high melting point. A second electrode without an emitter disposed in the discharge space at the other side is made of a metal having a high melting point. The pair of conductive wires, which are connected to the respective electrodes, are located in the respective seals and extend from the discharge vessel.

Abstract: A discharge lamp with a high output power in which an increase of the current to be supplied to the discharge lamp can be enabled without the need to enlarge the discharge lamp and the surrounding system. The discharge lamp includes an arc tube having a pair of opposed electrodes, at least one of the electrodes having an electrode body in which a hermetically sealed interior space is formed, and a heat conductor partially filling the hermetically sealed interior space. This heat conductor consists of metal that has a higher thermal conductivity or a lower melting point than the metal comprising the electrode body.

Abstract: A metal halide lamp with ceramic discharge vessel (4), the discharge vessel having two ends (6) that are sealed with ceramic stoppers that in each case contain an elongated capillary tube (12), termed stopper capillary below, of inside diameter K, and wherein an electrically conducting lead-through (9, 10), which comprises an inner part (14) and an outer part (13) with reference to the discharge, is guided through this stopper capillary (12) and is sealed outside with glass solder (18), there being fastened on the lead-through an electrode (16) with a stem (15) that projects into the interior of the discharge vessel, the outside diameter S of the inner part being coordinated with the inside diameter K, the inner part (14) being a composite component that comprises a core pin (18) of diameter D onto which there is mounted as a double ply a coil with an effective diameter d of the core wire, the following relationships being fulfilled:

Abstract: An ultrahigh pressure mercury lamp which is small and has high light radiation intensity and moreover good color reproduction with high efficiency in which, even with a large amount of mercury added, a failure of the mercury to vaporize in the bulb part does not occur, and in which blackening of the bulb part due to wearing of the electrodes even under a large electrode load as a result of shortening of the distance between the electrodes is low is obtained by an ultrahigh pressure mercury lamp in which a bulb part of the discharge vessel made of translucent material has an essentially ovoid shape, is filled with at least 0.2 mg/mm3 of mercury and which is operated at an input wattage of at most 400 W using direct current, has the length D of the tip area of the anode and the length L of the bulb part in the direction of the tube axis of the lamp set in accordance with the relationship D≧L/2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a flat gas discharge lamp having a discharge vessel and electrodes, the discharge vessel comprising a base plate (1) and a top plate (7) and having at least one spacer element (8) between base plate (1) and top plate (7). Spacer elements usually disrupt the homogeneity of the luminance distribution on the top plate 7. In order to avoid this, the spacer elements (8) are additionally configured as dielectrically impeded electrodes. For this purpose, each spacer element (8) has an electrically conductive component (9) connected to an electrode or current feed. As a result, the spacer elements (8) are actively involved in the discharge and, consequently, in the production of light.

Abstract: In a high-power dual-filament incandescent lamp for use in a reflector having an optical axis, which incandescent lamp comprises two incandescent coils which are substantially parallel to one another, which in their correct operational positions are arranged substantially parallel to the optical axis of the reflector in a lamp bulb, and which can be operated alternately, the glass bulb is arranged such that it shows a horizontal and vertical displacement relative to the optical axis of the reflector when in the correct operational position.

Abstract: A line light source according to the present invention is provided with a plurality of external electrode rare gas fluorescent lamps, and a fixing member fixing the plurality of external electrode rare gas fluorescent lamps such that the center lines thereof are aligned. A contact image sensor of the present invention is provided with the above mentioned line light source.

Abstract: An arrangement with a relatively high pressure tightness in a super-high pressure mercury lamp which is operated with an extremely high mercury vapor pressure is achieved in accordance with the invention in a super-high pressure discharge lamp of the short arc type having a light emitting part in which a pair of electrodes are disposed opposite each other and which is filled with at least 0.15 mg/mm3 mercury; and side tube parts which extend from each side of the light emitting part and in each of which a respective one of the electrodes is partially hermetically sealed and is connected to a metal foil, by the area of the respective metal foil which is connected to the respective electrode has a smaller width than the width in the remaining area of the metal foil, the area with the smaller width wrapping at least partially around the outside surface of the electrode.

Abstract: The present invention provides a short arc type mercury discharge lamp that, at lamp startup time, quickly shifts glow discharge to arc discharge, and quickly shifts the arc discharge position from the coil to the electrode tip, making it possible to maintain a stable discharge state, in the short arc type mercury discharge lamp 1, a coil 5 has been arranged on the side surface of an electrode 4, and 0.15 mg/mm3 or more of mercury has been sealed inside a discharge vessel, wherein the side part 51 of the coil 5 close to the tip side of the electrode is constructed so as to be fixed to the side surface of the electrode 4, and, at least, the part 52 of the coil 5 following the side part 52 is distanced from the side surface of the electrode.

Abstract: A short-arc lamp (1) with a discharge vessel (2) which contains an anode (3) and cathode (4) which are opposite one another. The filling medium contains inert gases and/or metal vapors, and the anode comprises a body having a front section (11), a substantially cylindrical body (12) and a rear face (13). Provided in the region of the front half of the cylindrical body is a projection (20) whose radial length (X) projects at least 0.5 mm beyond the cylindrical body (12).

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp employs an outer bulb that is provided with a lamp cap and surrounds a discharge vessel having a ceramic wall with a clearance. In the clear space, a conductor extends over a length L between the lamp cap and an electrode of the discharge vessel, which conductor is at least formed of a heat-resistant metal. A section Ld of the length L of the conductor is provided with an Ni coating.

Abstract: A discharge lamp of the present invention, which has an starting property, an arc stability and a service life which are improved even if the lamp produces a short arc. The discharge lamp includes a light emitting bulb, sealing members disposed on both sides of the light emitting bulb, metal foils sealed in the sealing members, a pair of electrodes which are connected to the metal foils and have large-diameter portions formed on tips, coils disposed at the rear of the large-diameter portions of the electrodes, external conductors, and a discharge medium enclosed in the light emitting bulb.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a plate, more particularly for plasma display panels, comprising a substrate 10 on which at least one electrode 21, made of a conducting material consisting of an aluminium-based and/or zinc-based metal alloy having a melting point above 700° C., is produced; the electrode is intended to be covered with a dielectric layer.

Abstract: A discharge lamp (20), such as a neon lamp, comprising a laminated envelope having a gas-discharge channel and at least one external electrode (44) in communication with the gas-discharge channel (20), the laminated envelope having a front surface (32) and a back surface (28) integrated together to form a unitary envelope body essentially free of any sealing materials. The external electrode (44) comprises an electrode surface integral with the laminated envelope and a conductive medium disposed on the electrode surface. The conductive medium may be conductive tape, conductive ink, conductive coatings, frit with conductive filler or conductive epoxies. The discharge lamp may comprise a laminated envelope including a plurality of separate gas-discharge channels and external electrodes in communication with the gas-discharge channels, whereby the discharge is driven in parallel.

Abstract: A mount for a fluorescent lamp that comprises a glass base with spaced-apart lead-in wires extending from therefrom. A longitudinal electrode coil containing an emitter material is mounted upon and extends between the lead-in wires. A coating of zinc oxide is provided on the ends of the electrode coil and upon the lead-in wires at least in the area where the electrode coil is mounted.

Abstract: A short arc mercury lamp includes a luminous bulb enclosing at least mercury as a luminous material and a pair of electrodes opposed to each other; and a pair of sealing portions for sealing a pair of metal foils electrically connected to the pair of electrodes, respectively. The electrode central axis of one of the pair of electrodes is dislocated from the electrode central axis of the other electrode. The shortest distance d (cm) between the head of one of the electrodes and the head of the other electrode is larger than the value of (6M/13.6&pgr;)1/3 when the total mass of the enclosed mercury is M (g).

Abstract: In order to provide an incandescent lamp in which an unlit state of the lamp caused by a hang-out of the coil as well as a short lifetime thereof are prevented using a simple construction and its lifetime in practical application is long, a coil (21)-like filament (20) is held in a bulb (11) by upholding parts (30, 30′) with an axis of the coil (21) being oriented in a vertical direction, and a coil pitch of the coil (21) at the upper part thereof is made narrow as compared with that of the lower part of the filament (20). Or the filament (20) of the incandescent lamp (10) is constituted by the coil (21) of a conical shape or that of a frustum of a circular cone, and the filament is arranged within the bulb (11) in such a way that it may be held by upholding parts (30, 30′) with an axis of the coil (21) of the filament (20) being oriented in a vertical direction and the one end of the oil (21) having a smaller diameter being positioned upward.

Abstract: An arc lamp comprises a single edge-to-edge cathode support strut on which the cathode is mounted with an end slot. Such makes heat and thermal stress loading on the assembly symmetrical over operational time, and arc tip wander from the anode center is practically eliminated. Nine component parts that are brought together in only three brazes and one TIG-weld to result in a finished product. An anode assembly is brazed with the rest of a body sub-assembly in one step instead of two. A single-bar cathode-support strut is brazed together as one step. A window flange and a sapphire output window are brazed together with the product of the strut braze step in a mounted-cathode-braze step. A copper-tube fill tubulation, a kovar sleeve, a ceramic reflector body, an anode flange, and a tungsten anode are all brazed together in a “body-braze” step. The products of the mounted-cathode-braze step and body-braze step are tungsten-inert-gas (TIG) welded together in a final welding step.

Abstract: A light source device for a video monitor including a concave reflector with a middle opening and an optical axis, said optical axis being positioned tilted obliquely and a discharge lamp including an emission part with a cathode and an anode located opposite to one another and being supported by hermetically sealed portions, one of the hermetically sealed portions being mounted in the middle opening of the concave reflector in a manner that a lengthwise axis of the discharge lamp substantially aligns with the optical axis of the concave reflector, where the anode of the discharge lamp is positioned closer to the rear reflector than the cathode of the discharge lamp, and a tip of the anode is positioned underneath an obliquely tilted plane that includes the lengthwise axis of the discharge lamp.

Abstract: A short-arc high pressure discharge lamp with a shorter distance between electrodes than a conventional lamp that realizes a long life of at least 3000 hours and suppresses the arc jump phenomenon is disclosed. In the high pressure discharge lamp, an electrode tip 124 is transformed into a semi-sphere by fusing and processing an electrode rod 122 and a coil 123 wound around an end of the electrode rod 122. A thickness “de” and a diameter “&phgr;e” of the semi-sphere are each set in a range predetermined in correspondence with a power input (W) of the short-arc high pressure discharge lamp.

Abstract: The high-pressure discharge lamp comprises a sealed lamp vessel (1) having a quartz glass wall (2) enclosing a discharge space (3). Metal foils (4) are embedded in the wall, connected to electrode rods (6a) projecting from the wall into the discharge space. The electrode rods (6a) have a first part (7a) and a second part (7b). The second part is made of tungsten with a diameter of 120 to 180 &mgr;m or molybdenum with a diameter of 120 to 350 &mgr;m, or tungsten-molybdenum mixtures with a diameter of 120 to 350 &mgr;m. The second part, which is positioned within the wall (2), prevents premature failure of the lamp caused by leakage.

Abstract: The high-pressure discharge lamp of the present invention includes: a discharge chamber that is formed in a silica glass tube, a pair of electrodes that are arranged with ends confronting each other in the discharge chamber; metal foil parts that are superposed and bonded to the other ends of the electrodes, and sealing sections for hermetically sealing the discharge chamber and which are parts for embedding the other ends of the electrodes and the metal foil parts in the glass at the two ends of the silica glass tube. The electrodes and the metal foil parts are embedded in the glass in a state in which metal coils are wrapped around the vicinities of the junctions of the electrodes and metal foil parts. The ends of the metal foil parts on the electrode side are further formed as tapered portions. In addition, the tips of the tapered portions on the electrode side are positioned, with respect to their direction of width, within the width in the radial direction of the electrodes.

Abstract: A flat luminescent lamp and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed, in which light weight and high luminance can be obtained and discharge efficiency can be maximized. The flat luminescent lamp includes first and second substrates each having a plurality of concave and convex portions on an opposing surface, first and second electrodes alternately formed in the convex portions on the first substrate at constant intervals, a dielectric layer formed on the first substrate including the first and second electrodes, and first and second phosphor layers respectively formed on the dielectric layer and the second substrate.

Abstract: A high-intensity arc lamp comprises a glass envelope with a pressurized gas atmosphere. A cathode and an anode structure are disposed within. A pointed tip of the cathode is juxtaposed by a central hole in a face of the anode and a small gap between them. Such central hole is vented away from the arc down inside the anode structure. During operation, heat from the arc at the entrance to the central hole drives a wind of xenon gas down through such vents in the anode structure.

Abstract: A discharge tube in which a cathode with a cathode tip portion being fixed to a lead rod and an anode opposed to the cathode tip portion are encapsulated in a discharge gas atmosphere to effect arc discharge, wherein the cathode tip portion comprises: a metal substrate of an impregnated type in which a porous, refractory metal is impregnated with an electron-emissive material or a sintered type in which a refractory metal containing an electron-emissive material is sintered; and a coating of a refractory metal covering a predetermined portion in a surface of the metal substrate and having a thickness of not less than 0.02 &mgr;m nor more than 5 &mgr;m, wherein the metal substrate has a cusp pointed toward the anode, and wherein a tip portion of the cusp of the metal substrate is exposed without being covered by the coating.

Abstract: The electric high-pressure discharge lamp has tungsten electrodes (2) in a light-transmitting lamp vessel (1) which is closed in a gastight manner. The electrodes (2) comprise an emitter, preferably in the form of an inner coiled-coil (14), which is loosely retained in a cavity (12) of a basket (6) of the electrode (2). The inner coil (14) acts as a non-oxidic emitter. The lamp retains its initial light output to a high degree throughout its life.

Abstract: To devise an arrangement with relatively high pressure tightness, in a short-arc super-high pressure mercury lamp which is operated with an extremely high mercury vapor pressure, a light emitting part has a pair of opposed electrodes and is filled with at least 0.15 mg/mm3 of mercury; and side tube parts extend from opposite sides of the light emitting part, and in which the electrodes are partially hermetically sealed and are each welded to a respective metal foil, in the areas in which the electrodes are welded to the metal foils, the electrodes are deformed in the direction perpendicular to the metal foils to a degree of deformation that is at most 10%.

Abstract: In a short-arc high-pressure discharge lamp (1) with a xenon fill for digital projection purposes, the separation L in mm of the two mutually facing end sections (6a, 8c) of the cathode (6) and the anode (8) when the lamp is hot is given by the relationship 0.8×P≦L≦1×P+1, where P is the lamp power in kW. Further, the diameter D of the circular-cylindrical middle section (8a) of the anode (8) in mm obeys the relationship D≧2.1×L+10.

Abstract: A discharge device of the invention includes multiple bonded ceramic layers with electrodes formed between the layers. It can be combined with the various MCIC technologies to produce myriad useful devices. Contacts are made to the electrodes, which may be grouped in different arrangements. The electrodes contact a hole through some or all of the ceramic layers to define a discharge cavity. Different groupings of the electrodes will produce different types of discharge. Alternating the electrodes in interdigitated pairs permits an arbitrary extension of the discharge cavity length. Having consecutive anodes or cathodes permits formation of regions where electrons may cool. Another device of the invention includes a multilayer ceramic structure having a hole formed in a least one outer layer through an electrode on the outer side of the layer and in contact with an electrode between two layers. A contact is formed to the electrode between layers through any remaining layers in the multilayer ceramic structure.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp includes: an arc tube that is made from a translucent ceramic material and composed of a main-tube part in which a discharge space is formed and thin-tube parts extending from both ends of the main-tube part; and a pair of electrodes having rods respectively extending from the two thin-tube parts into the discharge space so that the tops face each other with a distance in-between. The rod of at least one of the electrodes is held by a tubular electrode holder made of a halide-resistant metal embedded in and bonded to the thin-tube part via an adhesive agent including a sintered halide-resistant metal impregnated with mixture glass. The electrode holder is at such a position that satisfies “L≧0.012P+2.5 [mm]”, where “L” is distance [mm] between the electrode top and one end of the electrode holder closer to the discharge space, and “P” is lamp wattage [W].

Abstract: A discharge device has a diode with a depletion region, a channel extending through a surface of the diode, and a gas within the channel. The gas is excited and a discharge formed by reverse biasing the diode and establishing an electric field in the depletion region of the diode.

Abstract: In a cell drive-type flat display panel, a metal electrode pad 26 and common signal line 24 are disposed outside the area (effective area) facing a recessed portion forming a cell. The individual cell electrode 20 acting as a cell electrode within the effective area is connected to a metal electrode pad 26 by extending each cell electrode to the metal electrode pad 26, while the metal electrode is not extended toward the effective area to cover each cell electrode. A common electrode 22 is connected to the common signal line 24 by extending each cell electrode to the metal electrode pad 26, while the metal electrode is not extended toward the effective area and to cover each cell electrode. This structure makes the cell electrodes flat and can reduce the drive voltage from the effect resulting from the suppressed dielectric film. The metal electrode pad 26 has a top surface on which a pin electrode is posted.

Abstract: An arrangement with relatively high pressure tightness in a super-high pressure mercury lamp of the short arc type which is operated with an extremely high mercury vapor pressure is achieved by the super-high pressure mercury lamp having the following characteristic: