Abstract: An apparatus and method for achieving desired spectral emission characteristics in plasma lamps is disclosed. The apparatus and method use multi-layer thin film optical interference coatings to selectively reflect a portion of the light such that it can be absorbed in the plasma. The multi-layer thin film coating is applied to any surface of the lamp, which substantially surrounds the plasma. The number and thickness of the layers in the coating are selected to ensure that a significant portion of the selected light emitted from the plasma is reflected by the coating and absorbed by the plasma. The properties of the coating, reflectance, transmittance and absorption are determined as a function of plasma and lamp characteristics.

Abstract: A discharge bulb comprising an arc tube body having such a structure that a shroud glass having metal oxide (Al2O3, CeO2) added thereto is attached integrally to surround an arc tube sealing Hg, NaI, ScI and Xe gases. A total amount of addition of the metal oxide in the shroud glass is set to be 4000 ppm or more which is effective for fulfilling an electrostatic shielding function for an external electric field and less than 7000 ppm which can hold the excellent molding property of the shroud glass.

Abstract: The invention discloses a low-pressure discharge lamp (1) having a discharge vessel (2) which contains mercury. To prevent mercury from being consumed, a reducing agent (20) is introduced into the discharge vessel (2), which reducing agent is such that it bonds oxygen in the temperature range between room temperature and temperatures up to 900° C. and can reduce mercury oxide.

Abstract: An electrodeless lamp includes a stationary bulb (10) containing a fill for producing a discharge, the fill has a primary radiating material which ordinarily produces an unstable discharge in the absence of bulb rotation. The fill further includes an alkali metal in an amount sufficient to stabilize the discharge without bulb rotation. The alkali metal may be, for example, cesium bromide. Preferably, the fill is excited by a non-stationary electric field (E, E1) such as, for example, a circular polarized electric field.

Abstract: A metal halide lamp with high color rendering index, greater then 80, with substantially constant color temperature through life. The lamp arc discharge vessel has a small volume, i.e., less than 1 cc, and contains iodides of sodium, scandium, lithium, dysprosium, and thallium along with mercury, a buffer gas and scandium metal. The addition of the scandium metal does not raise the arc discharge vessel temperature and significantly reduces the color temperature decline during life.

Abstract: A discharge lamp for providing visible radiation includes a lamp envelope which is made of light transmissive material a fill in the envelope including either calcium halide or strontium halide together with either elemental sulfur or elemental selenium in gaseous form which is obtainable when the fill is excited by sufficient power in operation, in an amount such that the excited fill emits a discharge of visible radiation from the fill with substantially all of the radiation being molecular radiation which is emitted in the visible region of the spectrum. The calcium halide or strontium halide operates at a vapor pressure which provides a significant amount of radiation in the red region of the spectrum therefrom and the overall spectrum has a color rendering index of about 87 or more.

Abstract: An improved high pressure halogen filament lamp is disclosed. The lamp has a filament tube attached to a base, and an outer envelope encompassing the filament tube. Reductions to the gas fill pressures of the outer envelope and filament tube increase the probability that the coated outer envelope will contain the fragments of the filament tube in cases involving explosive failure of the filament tube.

Abstract: Visible light emission is obtained from a plasma containing elemental barium including neutral barium atoms and barium ion species. Neutral barium provides a strong green light emission in the center of the visible spectrum with a highly efficient conversion of electrical energy into visible light. By the selective excitation of barium ionic species, emission of visible light at longer and shorter wavelengths can be obtained simultaneously with the green emission from neutral barium, effectively providing light that is visually perceived as white. A discharge vessel contains the elemental barium and a buffer gas fill therein, and a discharge inducer is utilized to induce a desired discharge temperature and barium vapor pressure therein to produce from the barium vapor a visible light emission. The discharge can be induced utilizing a glow discharge between electrodes in the discharge vessel as well as by inductively or capacitively coupling RF energy into the plasma within the discharge vessel.

Abstract: A low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp is provided with a discharge vessel (10) enclosing a discharge space (11) containing a filling of mercury and a rare gas, an amalgam (63) which communicates with the discharge space (11), and means for maintaining an electric discharge in the discharge vessel (10). The amalgam (63) comprises a Bi:Sn content in the range of 80:20≦Bi:Sn≦20:80, a Pb content in the range of 0.7<Pb≦12 at % and a Hg content in the range of 0.05≦Hg≦2 at %. For compact fluorescent discharge lamps, the amalgam (63) preferably comprises 70:30≦Bi:Sn≦30:70, 1≦Pb≦10 at % and 0.25≦Hg≦1.2 at %. For electrodeless low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamps, the amalgam preferably comprises 70:30≦Bi:Sn≦30:70, 1≦Pb≦10 at % and 0.05≦Hg≦0.5 at %.

Abstract: The invention relates to a metal halide lamp which is provided with a discharge vessel having a ceramic wall and enclosing a discharge space. Two electrodes having tips at a mutual distance EA are positioned in the discharge space, which contains besides Xe also an ionizable filling with NaI and CeI3. The discharge vessel has an internal diameter Di at least over the length EA. According to the invention it holds that Di<1.4 mm and also that the relation EA/Di<5 is complied with.

Abstract: A metal halide lamp for general illumination purposes contains as the essential component of the metal halide fill manganese in an amount of from 0.01 to 50 &mgr;mol per cm3. It serves as a replacement for sodium at warm white or neutral white luminous colors.

Abstract: A suitable operation temperature can be reached in a short period of time in a heat roller comprising a cylindrical metallic substrate and a heating lamp axially arranged inside said metallic substrate, the heating lamp comprising a bulb filled with a thermally conductive gas and having a filament installed therein, by using a gas whose thermal conductivity is 110×10−4 (W/m.K) or less at room temperature.

Abstract: Rare-earth halides are shown to be a replacement for scandium halides in mercury-free discharge arc lamps if modifications are made to the prior art lamp design and operating temperatures. The inventive chemical compositions of the discharge medium provide enhanced color rendition index values. In addition, it has been unexpectedly determined that during the operation of the discharge lamps, the rare earth iodides do not react significantly with the fused silica arc tube. Equally as significant, any free iodine, which is so formed, has minimal impact on the efficacy of the lamp compared to the conventional scandium iodide lamps. Therefore, the rare earth iodide-containing lamps provide longer lifetime with superior illumination characteristics than conventional discharge lamps.

Abstract: Tungsten-halogen lamps capable of satisfactory operation at relatively high temperatures exceeding 250° C. which comprise a high temperature glass or quartz envelope enclosing a tungsten filament and molybdenum, contain a fill comprising a mixture of noble gas, hydrogen, phosphorus, chlorine, and bromine. In a preferred embodiment the chlorine and bromine will be supplied by a single carbon atom hydrocarbon compound containing both halogens such as CHCl2Br and CH2BrCl.

Abstract: Metal halide lamp for color applications for high wall loading with a long service life of at least 1500 hours and with a color temperature of over 5000 K: fill comprising at least the following constituents: firing gas, mercury, halogen, as well as indium, thallium, tin, no rare earth element or Na; the fill furthermore contains, as lithium replacement, hafnium, zirconium and tantalum, individually or in combination, the wall loading of the discharge vessel being at least 50 W/cm2; specific output based on die arc length is 50 to 90 W/mm; in particular, the concentration of the metals is as follows: lithium replacements: 0.20-4.0 &mgr;mol/ml; indium 0.3-3.0 &mgr;mol/ml.

Abstract: A low-pressure gas discharge lamp provided with a gas discharge vessel containing a gas filling with an indium compound and a buffer gas, which low-pressure gas discharge lamp is also provided with electrodes and means for generating and maintaining a low-pressure gas discharge.

Abstract: A low-pressure gas discharge lamp provided with a gas discharge vessel comprising a gas filling with a copper compound selected from the group formed by the oxides, chalcogenides, hydroxides, hydrides and the metalorganic compounds of copper, and comprising a buffer gas, which low-pressure gas discharge lamp is further provided with electrodes and means for generating and maintaining a low-pressure gas discharge.

Abstract: A discharge lamp for an automobile headlight has a light color that lies in a region common to the following three regions: a region bounded by an ellipse with a color point (u, v)=(0.224, 0.331) as a center thereof, a major axis of 0.080, a minor axis of 0.024, and an angle from a u axis of 35 degrees in the CIE 1960 UCS diagram; a region bounded by an ellipse with a color point (u, v)=(0.220, 0.332) as a center thereof, a major axis of 0.060, a minor axis of 0.022, and an angle from a u axis of 15 degrees in the CIE 1960 UCS diagram; and a region bounded by an ellipse with a color point (u, v)=(0.235, 0.335) as a center thereof, a major axis of 0.060, a minor axis of 0.030, and an angle from a u axis of 30 degrees in the CIE 1960 UCS diagram.

Abstract: A metal-halide lamp including a discharge vessel with a ceramic wall, the discharge vessel enclosing a discharge space which contains an ionizable filling which filling contains halides of Na and Tl in addition to Hg. The ionizable filling also contains Ca and is free from rare-earth halides.

Abstract: A decorative lamp includes a glass envelope that contains mixtures of inert gases which produce various visual effects when exposed an electric charge. The glass envelope is evacuated to sub-atmospheric pressures; is infused with a desired inert gas mixture, and is sealed. Appropriate electrical contacts are applied to the sealed envelope and the envelope assembly is connected to a source of electric current. The various light effects that can be achieved include meandering arcs of light that rise through the envelope; tiny fire fly-type light effects that rise through the envelope; and a central tree and leaf-type light display that undulates upwardly through the lamp envelope, among others. The light effects can be enhanced by the application of a phosphor coating to the interior of the envelope. The light effects can also be selectively colored by adding an inorganic fluorescent colorant, or a mixture of inorganic fluorescent colorants to the interior of the envelope.

Abstract: A high-pressure metal halide discharge lamp having a power rating of at most 100 W is provided with a discharge vessel having a translucent ceramic wall with a thickness d of at least 1.2 mm. In the discharge space enclosed thereby, two electrodes are arranged with their electrode tips at a mutual interspacing EA. The discharge vessel contains an ionizable filling comprising at least Na and a halide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-pressure metal-halide lamp comprising a discharge vessel with an ionizable filling containing Hg, a halide and a rare gas, which vessel includes electrodes with a rod containing substantially W. The lamp, when in operation, maintains a W-halide cycle in the discharge vessel. According to the invention, the discharge vessel contains an oxygen dispenser.

Abstract: A mercury-free metal halide lamp includes an arc tube having a pair of electrodes opposed to each other inside the tube. In the arc tube, a rare gas and a halide of cerium are contained, and no mercury is contained.

Abstract: A metal halide discharge lamp which essentially permits disusing mercury is provided. The metal halide discharge lamp comprises a refractory and transparent hermetic vessel, a pair of electrodes fixed to the hermetic vessel, and a discharge medium sealed in the hermetic vessel and containing a first halide, a second halide, and a rare gas. The first halide is a halide of a metal which achieves a desired light emission. The second halide has a relatively high vapor pressure, being at least one halide of a metal which is unlikely to emit a visible light compared with the metal of the first halide and acts as a buffer gas.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp is configured to regulate the relationship between the radius r (mm) of the tungsten rods forming the electrodes and the lamp current I (amperes) using the formula 1 1.

Abstract: The present invention provides a tungsten-halogen light bulb having an arc tube with a seal portion at one end. A filament is provided in the interior of the arc tube, and a basic gas mainly comprising at least either gaseous xenon or gaseous krypton is filled in the arc tube. When V (V) denotes a rated voltage of the tungsten-halogen light bulb, P(MPa) denotes a filling pressure of the basic gas at a room temperature, and Xe vol. % and Kr vol. % respectively denote composition ratios of the gaseous xenon and of the gaseous krypton, the following formulas (1) and (2) are satisfied simultaneously, in which ‘%’ means ‘volume % .

Abstract: A plasma display device including: an upper substrate provided with address electrodes; a dielectric material and a fluorescent material coated on the lower surface of the upper substrate; a lower substrate provided with scan electrodes and common electrodes; and a discharge gas of pure He or a gas mixture of more than 99.5 vol % He and the balance of at least one gas selected from the group consisting of Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe and N2, and hermetically sealed between the upper and lower substrates.

Abstract: An alternating current driven type plasma display device characterized in that a discharge gas charged in a discharge space where discharge takes place consists of a xenon gas alone and the discharge gas has a pressure of 9.0×104 Pa or lower.

Abstract: A neon lamp including a sealed glass bulb, electrodes and leads connected to the electrodes has a flat head whose center region descends into the interior of the sealed glass bulb. A method of producing the neon lamp includes steps of charging neon gas into a glass tube through a fine glass tube at the head of the glass tube, sealing the fine glass tube to obtain a sealed glass bulb having a projecting tip portion, removing excess glass of the projecting tip portion, and shaping the projecting tip portion into a substantially flat or lenticular head portion. A system for producing the neon lamp includes a shaping head for accommodating the sealed glass bulb with its projecting tip portion exposed outside the shaping head, heating means for melting the projecting tip portion, a projecting tip cutter for removing excess glass of the projecting tip portion, and a head presser for shaping the projecting tip portion into a substantially flat or lenticular shape.

Abstract: A high pressure mercury lamp in which formation and spreading of milky opacification in the fused silica glass forming the discharge vessel can be advantageously prevented, and thus a rapid decrease of screen illuminance prevented, when it is used as the light source of a liquid crystal projector and the like by, in a high pressure mercury lamp in which a discharge vessel of fused silica glass contains a pair of opposed tungsten electrodes, mercury in an amount that is at least equal to 0.16 mg/mm3, rare gas, and at least one halogen, and in which the wall load is at least equal to 0.8 W/mm2, the amount of mercury added being fixed in a range from 2×10−4 to 7×10−3 &mgr;mole/mm3, and/or the at least one halogen being in the form of a carbonless halogen compound, and/or the average OH radical concentration in an area of a wall of the discharge vessel at a depth of 0.2 mm from an inner surface of the wall of the discharge vessel being at most 20 ppm.

Abstract: A long-life, environmentally disposable high pressure sodium lamp comprising: an arc tube capable of withstanding internal wall temperatures of 1250 to 1300° C. and having electrodes sealed therein and being designed for operation at a given wattage; a discharge space within the arc tube and an arc generating and sustaining medium within the discharge space, the medium being mercury-free and containing sodium in an amount of about 0.02 mg to 0.06 mg/watt of designed operation, and xenon at a pressure of 100 to 200 Torr; mounting means supporting the arc tube within a glass outer envelope, the glass outer envelope being lead-free and arsenic-free; and an electrically conductive base closing the outer envelope and containing lead-in wires affixed to the electrodes, the lead-in wires being attached to the base by welding.

Abstract: The invention relates to metal halide lamps having a discharge vessel with a ceramic wall. The discharge vessel encloses a discharge space comprising an ionizable gas filling and, in addition to Hg, also an alkali iodide of Na or Li or a combination of both. According to the invention, the filling also comprises TbI3 or GdI3 or a combination thereof.

Abstract: In a microwave-excited discharge lamp of the present invention, a rare gas 2, a mercury halide 3 as a buffer material, and a metal halide 4 as a luminous material are sealed within an discharge tube 1. This achieves a microwave-excited discharge lamp having excellent stability and a variety of light colors.

Abstract: A metal halide discharge lamp having a bulb which contains a fill including an ignition gas, mercury, a halogen, lithium, indium, thallium and tin, and which is devoid of a rare earth element. Such fill serves to lengthen the service life of the lamp. The lamp is especially suitable for effect lighting.

Abstract: A metal halide lamp includes an arc tube containing at least mercury and metal halide. A pair of opposed main electrodes extend in the arc tube. A lamp voltage is applied between the main electrodes. The main electrodes have respective distal ends which are spaced from each other by a predetermined distance “d”.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high pressure discharge lamp which is provided with a discharge tube containing a pair of electrodes therein and being filled with mercury, an inert gas and a halogen gas, the amount of the mercury filled being 0.12 to 0.35 mg/mm3, the halogen gas being at least one gas selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br and I and being present in an amount of 10−7 to 10−2 &mgr;mol/mm3, and the electrodes being mainly composed of tungsten, and the tungsten as a material of the electrodes contains not more than 12 ppm of potassium oxide (K2O). In such a high pressure discharge lamp, blackening of the discharge tube due to the potassium oxide (K2O) contained in the tungsten, and decrease in illumination maintenance can be prevented, thus providing a high pressure discharge lamp with a long lifetime, a lighting optical apparatus using the high pressure discharge lamp as a light source, and an image display system using the lighting optical apparatus.

Abstract: The plasma address information display device of this invention includes a plasma address cell and a display medium layer which is addressed by the plasma address cell, the plasma address cell including: a substrate; a transparent thin substrate opposing to the substrate; a plurality of partitions made of dielectrics formed between the substrate and the transparent thin substrate; and electrodes disposed on a surface of the substrate facing the transparent thin substrate, wherein a mixed gas composed of an inactive gas and an active gas is sealed in plasma discharge spaces each surrounded by the substrate, the transparent thin substrate, and the plurality of partitions.

Abstract: A ballast for a mercury-free, metal halide arc lamp having a quartz or fused silica envelope. The ballast provides a square-wave voltage, which substantially reduces or eliminates the re-ignition voltage in the mercury-free, metal halide arc lamp. The ballast reverses the voltage polarity, and reestablishes the arc current in the opposite direction, before the free halogen in the envelope can quench the arc.

Abstract: To devise a mercury lamp of the short arc type with high power in which an arc tube can be kept unfouled over a long time and the demand for an increase in the amount of radiation can be met, in a quartz arc tube, a cathode and an anode are disposed opposite one another and the arc tube is filled with mercury and a rare gas. At least argon (Ar) and/or krypton (Kr) in an amount from 1.0 to 8 atm at room temperature is added as the rare gas. The amount depends on the value of ((Wd).sup.1/2 /R) where R is half the maximum diameter of the bulb in cm, d is the thickness of the bulb in cm, and W the input power supplied to the lamp in kW.

Abstract: An electrodeless high intensity discharge lamp with a lamp fill material including gallium iodide has been found to be more efficient in generating light in general, and more efficient in generating blue light. The very small size of the lamp, in combination with the high intensity in a relatively narrow blue spectral range make the lamp particularly useful in supplying blue light to a fiber optic. The relative efficiency of the lamp increases its value. In combination, the lamp provides a useful, efficient source of blue light as an input source for optical fiber, and other systems for medical and other processes using blue light as a process element.

Abstract: A vapor discharge lamp comprised of an arc tube containing an ionizable medium, a first electrode electrically connected to a first in lead conductor, and a second electrode electrically connected to a second in lead conductor, said first and said second electrode pairs being positioned to create an arc discharge therebetween, an electron emissive material disposed on at least one of said electrodes, said electron emissive material being Ba.sub.4 Al.sub.2 O.sub.7.

Abstract: As its filling, a halogen incandescent lamp contains noble gas, halogen additive, carbon as well as nitrogen and oxygen in the form of a nitrogen-oxygen compound, preferably N.sub.2 O.

Abstract: A metal halide lamp comprises a discharge tube of transparent ceramic in which a discharge metal is sealed, the discharge tube having a main cylindrical portion, ring portions provided at both ends of the main cylindrical portion, and tubular cylindrical portions provided at the ring portions; and a pair of electrodes inside the discharge tube; wherein a wall thickness .alpha. (in mm) of the main cylindrical portion satisfies the relation0.0023.times.W+0.22.ltoreq..alpha..ltoreq.0.0023.times.W+0.62,and a wall thickness .beta. (in mm) of the ring portion satisfies the relation0.0094.times.W+0.5.ltoreq..beta..ltoreq.0.0094.times.W+1.5,wherein W is the lamp power expressed in Watt. Alternatively, the discharge tube is air-tightly enclosed in the outer tube; the outer tube is filled with a gas comprising nitrogen gas; and the wall thickness .alpha. (in mm) of the main cylindrical portion satisfies the relation0.0023.times.W+0.12.ltoreq..alpha..ltoreq.0.0023.times.W+0.62,and the wall thickness .beta.

Abstract: A system and method for the operation of a mercury free high intensity discharge lamp is disclosed which provides lamp longevity and improved photometric results regardless of the orientation of the lamp. To this end, an acoustically modulated ballast without off-time and low power time is supplied to the lamp.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a metal hydrides lamp and a fill for such a lamp. The lamp chamber includes a fill of at least one metal, a buffer gas, and hydrogen and/or deuterium. When energy is provided to the fill, metal combines with the hydrogen and/or deuterium to form a molecule at an excited energy level which emits visible light when the molecule moves to a ground state energy level. The lamp may be an electrode lamp, an electrodeless lamp, a microwave lamp, or any other power source capable of imparting energy into a fill contained within a lamp chamber.

Abstract: A metal halide lamp comprises a pair of electrodes and a discharge vessel filled with at least one metal halide comprising at least one rare earth metal halide, halogen in excess of the stoichiometry of the metal halide(s), mercury, and a rare gas. The amount of the mercury is between 7.7 mg/cc and 9.9 mg/cc, the excess halogen is 25-100% (in terms of atoms) of the halogen included in the metal halide(s), and the rated tube power for 200V rated tube voltage is 2000 W-3000 W.

Abstract: An electrodeless lamp includes a light transmissive envelope and a fill disposed in the envelope where the fill has the characteristic of emitting light when ignited and is excited by high frequency electrical energy provided by an R.F. or microwave source. The lamp includes a fill material enabling more reliable and effective ignition and shorter restrike intervals after an operating lamp has been extinguished. The fill includes a first component (preferably sulfur, selenium or a mixture of sulfur and selenium) and a second component (preferably xenon gas) included at a partial pressure in the range of 50 to 200 torr. A third component (preferably argon gas) is included at a partial pressure in the range of 5 to 20 torr. Preferably, approximately 5 torr of argon is added to a selected fill pressure of xenon (e.g., a partial pressure of 100 torr or more).

Abstract: The present invention broadly provides an improvement in a deuterium arc lamp having structure (e.g., anode 27, baffle 28, etc.) mounted on the distal end of an electrical conductor (26) within an elongated tubular glass envelope (21) in spaced relation to the side wall (22) of the envelope. The improvement broadly comprises spacer means (24), such as axially-spaced disk-like first and second members (32, 33), that operatively engage the structure, and that restrain transverse movement of such structure within the envelope.

Abstract: A light guide illumination system having a metal-halide double-ended illumination source is disclosed. The light guide illumination system includes at least one light guide and two curved reflectors disposed in proximity to the double-ended illumination source. The two curved reflectors are adapted to reflect the emitted light from the double-ended illumination source into the light guide. The light guide illumination system further includes at least one multi-sectored lens adapted to receive light from the light guide, and at least one output light guide. The multi-sectored lens is adapted to receive the reflected light from the light guide and to focus the light into the output light guide.

Abstract: The spectral energy characteristic of a discharge lamp is controlled by changing the density of the fill substance. The spectral characteristic can be shifted while substantially maintaining its shape by changing the density of the fill. A sulfur or selenium containing discharge lamp which is operated at a pressure of at least about 1 atmosphere contains a low ionization potential substance in the fill. Characteristics which are improved are one or more of spatial color uniformity, extinguishing characteristics, and bulb starting reliability. Particular substances which are added to the fill are alkali metal containing substances, III B metal containing substances, and alkaline earth metal containing substances. When light is reflected back into the bulb, the light which is re-emitted is stronger in the higher wavelengths.