Abstract: The plasma temperature control apparatus includes a plasma generating section 40 that turns a plasma-generating gas into plasma, and a plasma-generating gas temperature control section 30 that controls the temperature of the plasma-generating gas supplied to the plasma generating section 40. The temperature of the plasma generated in the plasma generating section 40 is controlled by controlling the temperature of the plasma-generating gas.

Abstract: Electron sources for a cathodoluminescent lighting system are disclosed. An electron source is a broad-beam reflecting-type electron gun having a cathode for emitting electrons and a reflector and/or secondary emitter electrode and no grids. An alternative electron gun has a cathode having a heater welded to a disk, the disk having an emissive surface on a side facing a dome-shaped defocusing grid and an anode. A lighting system incorporating the electron sources has an envelope with a transparent face, an anode with a phosphor layer to emit light through the face and a conductor layer. The system also has a power supply for providing from five to thirty thousand volts of power to the light emitting device to draw electrons from cathode to anode and excite a cathodoluminescent phosphor, and the electrons transiting from cathode to anode are essentially unfocused. A power-factor-corrected embodiment is also disclosed.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a field emission device that emits an electron beam bundle whose spot profile on a display screen has as little distortion as possible, and that maintains a stable electron emission property regardless of the length of a driving time, a CRT apparatus equipped with such field emission device, and a production method of such CRT apparatus.

Abstract: A bonded, walk-off compensated crystal, for use with optical equipment, and methods of making optical components including same.

Abstract: A photomultiplier tube includes a tube, a focussing electrode unit formed with a photoelectron transmission hole whose center is positioned offset from a central axis of the tube and a dynode positioned in confrontation with the transmission hole. A center of the dynode is also offset from the central axis of the tube. A grid type electrodes array are positioned at the same axial position of the dynode and positioned beside the dynode in a radial direction of the tube. The focussing electrode provides desirable uniformity in distribution of photoelectronics over the dynode even by the deviating position of the photoelectron transmission hole and the dynode. By positioning the dynode away from the central axis in the radial direction of the tube, the grid type electrode array can be positioned beside the dynode.

Abstract: A sampling streak oscilloscope responsive to a light input signal stores charges on a CCD target by means of an electron beam rapidly scanned across a narrow dimension of the CCD target in coincidence with a segment or portion of the light input signal. The time relationship between a streak and the light input signal is changed to record a charge pattern for another segment of the input signal, while charges representative of a prior segment are transferred along the CCD array. A representation of the entire input signal is built up in memory.

Abstract: The light which is emitted from the output screen of an image intensifier and passed through a subsequent output objective, is converted into an electrical signal by means of a photomultiplier tube or an image pick-up tube. The noise or modulation content of the electrical signal are measured. An optimum adjustment of the focussing position of the output objective and the magnitude of the focussing voltage applied to the imge intensifier, cause the noise or modulation content to attain an extreme value, e.g. a maximum. The focussing voltage and the focussing position of the output objective are iteratively adjusted.

Abstract: The invention includes an electron tube such as an image intensifier which utilizes a channel-type electron multiplier. The multipler is made of a perforated glass plate made in a manner such that secondary emission may be produced at the interior surfaces of the holes through the plate. Primary electrons are introduced to the holes at one end and a much larger emission emanates from the other end. Conductive layers on each side of the plate have holes in registration with the plate holes. The conductive layers are maintained at potentials to accelerate electron flow through the holes. In accordance with the present invention, a third conductive layer is provided at the output side. When the third conductive layer is maintained negative, resolution is improved.

Abstract: In an image tube, a microchannel electron multiplier plate is disposed between the photocathode and a cathodoluminescent output screen for multiplying the electron current of electron images. Electrodes are deposited upon the input and output face of the microchannel electron multiplier plate. On the output face the electrode is deposited into the ends of the microchannels to a distance of approximately 2 diameters of the individual channels. A semiconductive material, such as zinc sulphide, is deposited over the output electrode in the output ends of the microchannels for causing the secondary electrons emitted from the end portions of the microchannels to show a narrow energy spread, whereby the resolution of the intensified output image is enhanced.

Abstract: An electromagnetic radiation detector including a collimating window, a cathode member having a photoelectric emissive material surface angularly disposed to said window whereby radiation is impinged thereon at acute angles, an anode, separated from the cathode member by an evacuated space, for collecting photoelectrons emitted from the emissive cathode surface, and a negatively biased, high transmissive grid disposed between the cathode member and anode.

Abstract: An improved image dissector camera tube system for improving the signal-to-noise ratio in which the aperture plate of the image dissector has a plurality of apertures, the apertures individually biased by an electronic control network to accomplish a Hadamard encoding of the electron image.

Abstract: A fast scanning optical cathode ray tube with an array of electron multiplier output channels across the sweep path provides demodulation of short pulse code modulated optical signals. The cathode ray tube includes a photocathode, accelerating grid and fast sweep deflection electrodes to direct electron pulses successively across the plurality of output channels. The scanning is synchronized with the repetition rate and time of the incoming light pulses so that each channel accepts only pulses occurring during a particular time interval of the scan.

Abstract: The time duration of an erasing cycle is shortened and "raster burn" is reduced by first applying potentials which result in a substantially uniform charge over the storage surface by means of secondary electron redistribution. This causes the storage target surface to assume a substantially uniform "white" level. Thereafter, the charge on the storage target surface is reduced to a substantially uniform "black" level.

Abstract: An electronic storage tube of the electron beam modulated type employing a target structure of the "coplanar grid" type in which the coplanar grid is a multilayered structure having at least one layer thereof which is more immune to ionizing radiation, such as X-rays, than at least one of the remaining layers, to yield a target structure in which erasure time and retention time are both significantly improved even though the stored pattern is repetitively read out.A method is also described herein for operating target structures of the type described hereinabove to take advantage of the above mentioned advantageous characteristics and thereby yield an electronic storage tube having operating characteristics not heretofore capable of being provided in conventional structures.

Abstract: The information stored on the dielectric target of a bistable storage tube is read out nondestructively employing a pulsed electron beam. The electron beam is turned on for a period having a duration less than necessary to change a given area of the target from one stable stored potential to another, while the period between pulsations is long enough so the tube's flood beam can return a given area to its original stored potential.