Abstract: A limit stop apparatus for a multi-pole electrical contact assembly is disclosed. The limit stop apparatus interconnects crossbars of respective contact assemblies wherein one or more contact arms are pivotable relative to each crossbar. The limit stop apparatus is configured to engage the one or more contact arms on a same side of the one or more contact arms containing moveable electrical contacts. In one or more embodiments, the limit stop apparatus has a connecting bar with limit stops having arc shields molded to the connecting bar, wherein the arc shields can be phase-to-phase arc shields and contact-to-component arc shields. Circuit breakers and multi-pole electrical contact assemblies having a limit stop apparatus, and methods of operating the multi-pole electrical contact assembly are disclosed, as are other aspects.

Abstract: A high-definition CRT is provided having an electron gun to produce high beam current without increasing spot size and to provide lower electrical power requirements at high beam-modulation frequencies. The electron gun includes three electrodes having clusters of apertures to allow collimation of the electron beam from a cathode. The main lens is operated to focus a parallel beam of electrons on a display screen. Methods for manufacturing by mechanical or semiconductor methods are also provided.

Abstract: A prefocus lens section is formed by a screen electrode and an additional electrode. A main lens section is formed by a focus electrode, an anode electrode and an intermediate electrode that is disposed between the focus electrode and the anode electrode. Each of the focus electrode and the intermediate electrode has a cylindrical electrode on at least one of opposed faces thereof. The intermediate electrode and the anode electrode have cylindrical electrodes on opposed faces thereof. A voltage with a level higher than a focus voltage and lower than an anode voltage is applied to the additional electrode and the intermediate electrode.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high-resolution color picture tube device with a decreased beam spot diameter. The color picture tube device has an electron gun including cathodes, a control electrode, an accelerating electrode, a G3 electrode, a first focusing electrode, a second focusing electrode, and a final accelerating electrode that are arranged in this order. A voltage applied to the G3 electrode is obtained by dividing with a resistor a voltage applied to the final accelerating electrode, and when an electron beam is a non-deflection state, a relationship represented as Va>Vg3>Vfoc2 is satisfied where Va, Vg3, and Vfoc2 denote voltages respectively applied to the final accelerating electrode, the G3 electrode and the second focusing electrode. Thereby, the G3 electrode is applied with a high voltage independently for forming a prefocus lens.

Abstract: In a CRT display device including a CRT (MM tube) having brightness higher than that in the background-art CRT, it is an object of the present invention to improve contrast and prevent conspicuous recognition of noises. A video signal modulation circuit (10) modulates a video signal (9) (first video signal) into a second video signal having a signal level in an area of low gradation level lower than a signal level of the first video signal. A cathode bias voltage source (7) generates a driving voltage on the basis of the second video signal. It is therefore possible to keep the driving voltage in the area of low gradation level low and reduce brightness in the area of low gradation level of a CRT (1). As a result, noises of an image in the area of low gradation level are not conspicuously recognized and a contrast value is increased, resulting in improvement in image quality.

Abstract: A method for operating a cathode-ray tube electron gun, suitable for multimode operation, for example, in order to display television images and multimedia images of the SVGA, XGA type, in which the zone for forming the electron beam generated by the cathode has at least two control electrodes. The two control electrodes are connected to voltage sources in such a way that the potential difference between the two control electrodes increases when the beam current decreases.

Abstract: A color picture tube of the present invention comprises three in-line cathodes (1a, 1b, 1c) aligned in the horizontal direction, a first focussing electrode (4) supplied with a focus voltage, a second focussing electrode (5) supplied with a dynamic voltage that changes in accordance with a deflection angle of the electron beams, a final accelerating electrode (7) supplied with an anode voltage, an intermediate auxiliary electrode (6) arranged between the second focussing electrode (5) and the final accelerating electrode (7). The intermediate auxiliary electrode (6) is supplied with a voltage between the voltage of the second focussing electrode (5) and the anode voltage. A non-axisymmetric electrostatic lens for focussing electron beams in the horizontal direction and diverging them in the vertical direction is formed between the first and second focussing electrodes (5, 6). The power of the non-axisymmetric electrostatic lens changes in accordance with a deflection angle of the electron beam.

Abstract: An apparatus and method to dynamically shape the projected energy profile of an electron beam and the energy distribution of an electron beam of a cathode ray tube to provide a single cathode ray tube the ability to display multiple image formats of varying resolutions, brightnesses and aspect ratios. In one embodiment, the invention contemplates the introduction of a shaping lens along the path of the electron beam comprising at least three electrodes. Voltages are selectively applied to the electrodes to dynamically and selectively vary the projected energy profile of an electron beam in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cathode ray tube.

Abstract: The display system comprises a colour cathode ray tube. The colour cathode ray tube comprises an in-line electron gun with a distributed main lens (DML). The final electrode (anode) of the DML generates a quadrupole lens field. To a first electrode a static voltage V.sub.foc is applied. Between a second electrode, on which a dynamic voltage V.sub.dyn is applied, and a first intermediate electrode a quadrupole electric field is generated. The value of the dynamic voltage is lower than the static voltage.

Abstract: An in-line electron gun for a color picture tube has an accelerating electrode portion separated into two or three electrodes in a triode, in which a voltage supplied to respective electrodes is varied and an asymmetrical hole is formed in at least one among the electrodes to form an additional asymmetric lens, thereby preventing degradation of a focus characteristic caused by an abrupt increase of a diverging angle of electron beam in a high current region, degradation in the vertical electron beam due to an influence of a magnetic field of a deflection yoke, change of focusing force induced by voltage variation of a first accelerating/focusing electrode, and degradation of the electron beam owing to collision/repulsion among electrons in the electron beam.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube comprising a cathode (K) for emitting a beam of electrons; a grid (G) for controlling the intensity of the beam; three or more anodes (A1, A3, A4); a control for varying the potential of at least one of the anodes (A3) for focusing the beam to form a spot on a screen; and an additional, dynamic focus electrode (A2) maintained generally at a potential close to the cathode/grid potential. Suitable structure may be included for applying to said dynamic focus electrode a high frequency signal to provide a rapid focus control. Said dynamic focus electrode may comprise a plurality of circumferentially disposed segments and including applying a separate high voltage to each segment thus allowing the possibility of creating a quadruple action in conjunction with at least one adjacent electrode, said segments covered with a deposited high-resistance conducting film to prevent charging effects.

Abstract: An electron gun for a color cathode-ray tube includes a triode, a pre-stage auxiliary electrostatic focusing lens, a fourth grid electrode, a first accelerating/focusing lower electrode assembly, and a main electrostatic focusing lens formed between a first accelerating/focusing upper electrode assembly and a second accelerating/focusing electrode. In the electron gun, the electron beam horizontally extended by the magnetic quadrupole lens of the deflection magnetic field is compensated by vertically extending the horizontally extended electron beam before the deflection magnetic field is entered by the electrostatic quadrupole lens which varies according to the deflected amount of the electron beam and round beam sports obtained in the vicinity of the screen edge as well as at the center of the screen, so that the halo portions of a low electron density surrounding the core portion of a high electron density forming a beam spot is greatly reduced to obtain a good resolution characteristic.

Abstract: The gun comprises a cathode, a control grid, a first anode a second anode and a third anode. Preferably a beam width limiting aperture is provided in the first anode. In one example the current modulating voltage applied to the grid is 0 to -50V, the voltage applied to the first anode is +5 kV, the focus voltage applied to the second anode is +500V, and the EHT voltage applied to the third anode is +25 kV. A main focussing lens is formed by the second and third anodes, but the spacing of the first and third anodes is small so that the focussing effect is also substantially dependent on the voltage of the first anode. The field strength between the grid and first anode is high, which combined with the high first voltage produces a small crossover.

Abstract: A novel electron gun for the color picture tube is disclosed, which comprises at least a cathode for emitting three electron beams in alignment and focusing electrodes for focusing the electron beams emitted from the cathode. The forcusing electrodes include first and second focusing electrodes for passing electron beams. The first focusing electrode includes a plurality of perpendicular plate electrodes arranged in such a manner as to sandwich the electron beams along the direction of arrangement thereof after being passed through the passage apertures and rim electrodes surrounding the perpendicular plate electrodes. The second focusing electrode includes a couple of horizontal plate electrodes arranged in such a manner as to hold the electron beams along the direction perpendicular to the direction of arrangement thereof after being passed through passage apertures and extending in opposed relationship with the perpendicular plate electrodes and rim electrodes along tht electron gun axis.

Abstract: In an electron gun assembly, three electron beams emitted from cathodes are passed through an electrode arrangement in which two intermediate electrodes are arranged between focusing are accelerating electrodes. A focusing voltage which is varied depending on an deflection of the electron beam is applied to the focusing electrode and an accelerating voltage is applied to the accelerating electrode. A resistor is connected between the accelerating electrode and the earth through a variable resistor and intermediate points of the resistor are connected to the intermediate electrodes. Thus, convergent and divergent lenses are formed between the focusing electrode and the intermediate electrode and between the accelerating electrode and the intermediate electrode. The lens powers of the convergent and divergent lenses are varied in accordance with the adjustment of the variable resistor.

Abstract: In an electron gun assembly, three electron beams emitted from cathode are focused by focusing electrodes and directed to accelerating electrodes through intermediate electrode. Three electron beams are converged on a predetermined point near a screen by accelerating electrodes. The accelerating electrodes are supplied with a first potential and are connected to a ground through a resistor and a stem pin. The intermediate electrodes are connected to the resistor and are maintained at a second potential. The focusing electrodes are connected to another stem pin and supplied with a third potential through another stem pin so that the third potential can be independently adjusted.

Abstract: Apparatus for electrostatically transferring a transferable image of electroscopic marking particles from an image-carrying member to a receiver member. The apparatus comprises an electrically conductive member, such as a roller, selectively coupled to a source of electrical image-transferring potential. Such conductive member is adapted to have a receiver member attached to its surface, and includes a mechanism for registering an image-carrying member relative to an attached receiver member. A compliant member, such as a back-up roller having a resilient deformable peripheral surface, engages the conductive member to define an extended nip. An image-carrying member is guided into engagement with the registration mechanism of the conductive member and then through the nip, where a transferable image on such image-carrying member is transferred to such attached receiver member when image-transferring potential is coupled to the conductive member.

Abstract: An electron gun has five grids (G.sub.1, G.sub.2, G.sub.3, G.sub.4, G.sub.5), and an additional grid (G.sub.2s) is disposed between the second grid and the third grid (G.sub.3) and is impressed with a potential lower than that of the second grid (G.sub.2), and a trimming electrode (G.sub.5a) with a trimming aperture 14 is provided in the fifth grid (G.sub.5), and by trimming the outer shell part of the electron beam having crossed the electron gun axis twice a very small beam spot is produced.

Abstract: An electron gun for a television camera tube comprises a cathode for emission of electrons, a first grid disposed subsequently to the cathode and having a first aperture supplied with a positive voltage relative to the cathode, a second grid disposed subsequently to the first grid and having a second aperture supplied with a higher positive voltage than that supplied to the first grid, and an intermediate grid interposed between the first and second grids and having a hole. The intermediate grid forms a divergent electron lens near the first aperture between the first and second grids.

Abstract: An electron gun comprises at least one cathode for generating an electron beam along a beam path and a plurality of electrodes serially disposed along the beam path. The electrodes include at least one accelerating and focusing electrode having two spaced-apart electrode sections axially separated along a plane substantially perpendicular to the beam path. An arc-suppression resistor interconnects the spaced-apart electrode sections of the electrode. The interconnected electrode sections normally operate at substantially the same voltage. The arc-suppression resistor acts in the event of an arc to limit the arc current and prevent damaging cascading arcs.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube electron gun having an electron beam-generating source and a main lens system for focusing electron beams emitted from said electron beam-generating source, wherein the main lens system comprises at least first, second, third and fourth focusing electrodes arranged coaxially and in the order mentioned an counted from said electron beam-generating source; the first and third focusing electrodes are impressed with substantially the same potential; and the fourth focusing electrode is supplied with a prescribed potential higher than those which are applied to said first and third focusing electrodes.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube apparatus in which a discharge current suppressing means is inserted into the discharge current flowing path between the final electrode of the electron gun of a cathode ray tube and the stem pin thereof within the cathode ray tube.

Abstract: The disclosed cathode ray tube for use as a light source has an electron gun including a first, a second and third grid electrodes similar to conventional three electrode electron guns but the axial length of the second grid electrode is adjusted to form a bipotential electron lens with the third grid electrode. An electron beam emitted from a cathode electrode is focussed by the electron lens and then diverged until it reaches an associated phosphor screen. The phosphor screen is luminesced with a desired diameter by the diverged electron beam.

Abstract: A novel electron gun for use in television cathode ray tubes of the direct view or projection type is disclosed. The cathode ray tube has associated therewith a power supply for developing a predetermined pattern of operating voltages including first and second adjustable voltages. The electron gun has apertured electrodes aligned on an axis for receiving the operating voltages to produce a focused beam of electrons. The electron gun comprises lower end means for generating an electron beam having a crossover. The beam expands in the aperture of a prefocusing electrode following the crossover and the outer rays of the expanding beam define a half-angle with respect to the axis. The tube also comprises main focus lens means adjacent to the prefocusing electrode for receiving the expanding beam and focusing the beam to form a beam spot of minimum size at a predetermined distance from the gun.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube comprises two electron lens means in combination to crossover the electron beam at a second crossover between the two electron lens means with one of the two lens means having a variable voltage applied thereto to dynamically control the location of the beam crossover in order to focus the beam onto a display screen at any location away from the screen center.

Abstract: In an electron gun for cathode-ray tube comprising a lens system constructed by four cylindrical electrodes concentrically arranged apart from each other for focusing electron beams emitted from a cathode, these electrodes are applied with proper voltages so as to form a bipotential type focusing lens and a unipotential type focusing lens. Preferably, the length of the electrode in the unipotential type focusing lens lying at the cathode side is selected to be larger than a half of the inner diameter of the electrode.

Abstract: An electron gun for a television cathode ray tube is disclosed having cathode means and grid means for producing a beam of electrons. A low-aberration, low-magnification main focus lens means comprising at least three electrodes receives a predetermined pattern of applied voltages to establish a single, continuous electrostatic field having an axial potential distribution which, at all times during tube operation, decreases smoothly and monotonically from a relatively intermediate axial potential to a relatively low-intermediate axial potential spatially located at a lens intermediate position. The axial potential then increases smoothly, directly and monotonically from the relatively low intermediate axial potential to a relatively high axial potential. The gun is characterized by the synthesizing of the relatively low-intermediate axial potential by electrode means comprising a composite electrode made up of an odd-number plurality of apertured elements separated by gaps.

Abstract: The electron gun includes a pair of electrodes between which a resistive lens structure comprising a stack of alternate apertured plates and resistive blocks is disposed. The stack comprises a first section which has two resistive blocks between each adjacent pair of electrode plates and a second section which has one resistive block between each adjacent pair of electrode plates. The lens is thereby adapted to operate with a potential profile which comprises a compound linear slope in a 1:2 ratio.

Abstract: The electron gun includes a pair of electrodes between which a resistive lens structure comprising a stack of alternate apertured plates and resistive blocks is disposed. A first portion of the resistive stack is electrically paralleled with another stack of resistive blocks whereby bleeder current through the resistive lens structure results in a compound linear potential profile. The other stack of resistive blocks may comprise a second stack in the same lens structure interleaved with the apertured plates of the lens structure or it may constitute together with a different set of aperture plates a second resistive lens structure between a different pair of electrodes of the gun.

Abstract: An electron gun comprising a plurality of focusing grids spatially arranged along the path of an electron beam generated from a cathode and each bored with at least one opening for allowing the passage of the electron beam, wherein at least one of said plural focusing grids is formed of at least one electrode set at a grounding potential or a lower potential than a focusing voltage and at least one more electrode whose potential is defined by an electrostatic capacity; and a high voltage is produced to provide an electron lens, though enabling the electron lens to improve its performance without being obstructed by requirements associated with the construction of a picture tube.

Abstract: An electron gun structure for a pickup tube comprises a cathode lens electrode assembly, a beam disc electrode and a main lens electrode assembly. The main lens electrode assembly includes first and second electrodes adapted to be supplied with different potentials so as to form a bipotential electron lens in the main lens electrode assembly. The beam disc electrode which has a beam limiting hole is adapted to be supplied with a potential not higher than about 2.5 times the lower one of the potentials to be supplied to the first and second electrodes in the main lens electrode assembly.

Abstract: The electron lens of an electrostatically focusing type image pickup tube comprises three coaxially arranged cylindrical electrodes and the inner diameters thereof are decreased from the side of a target toward an electron gun. The electron lens is assembled by successively fitting the three electrodes over a mandrel, the outer diameter thereof varying stepwisely in accordance with the inner diameters of the three electrodes, and then interconnecting the three electrodes by axially extending insulating supporting rods.

Abstract: This disclosure depicts an electron gun especially for use in a color cathode ray tube of the small-neck, shadow-mask type. The gun design is also applicable to other television cathode ray tube displays that require a gun that provides small, symmetrical spots of uniform cross-section, such as guns used in monochrome television and beam index tubes. The gun is comprised essentially of a four-element tetrode section and a main focus lens section. The tetrode section generates at least one electron beam and a cross-over that is imaged on the screen of the tube focused by the main focus lens. The tetrode section is characterized by having a strong prefocus; that is, a prefocus in which the electron trajectories are substantially refracted, or bent, before exiting the tetrode section.

Abstract: Arc-inhibiting means for a television picture tube having an electron gun with a main focus lens section of the extended field type. The lens establishes an extended, axially continuously active focusing field which is substantially shielded from external field disturbances. There exist widely disparate potentials with a potential difference in the range of tens of kilovolts across the gap between a grid means of an electron source means and an initial end electrode of the main focus lens. The potential difference is sufficient to introduce a tendency toward destructive arcing between the grid means and the initial end electrode. The electron gun according to the invention is characterized by having at least one arc-inhibiting electrode disposed between the grid means and the initial end electrode, and having a potential thereon that is intermediate to the disparate potentials to provide an arc-inhibiting voltage gradient between the grid means and the initial end electrode.

Abstract: This disclosure depicts an electron gun for use in a color cathode ray tube of the small neck, shadow mask-type. The gun includes an extended field lens for generating a cluster of electron beams converged and individually focused at the screen of the tube. Three main focus lens means are situated on lens axes which are mutually parallel and parallel to a gun central axis. At least two of the lens axis are off-axis with respect to the gun axis. The focus lens means has for each beam at least three electrodes including a focus electrode for receiving a variable potential for electrically adjusting the focus of the beam. In succession down-beam, there are at least two associated electrodes having potentials thereon which forms in the gaps between adjacent electrodes significant main focus field components. To adjust beam focus, the strength of a first of these components is controlled by adjustment of the voltage received by the focus electrode.

Abstract: In an electron gun for use in a cathode ray tube of the class wherein a main electron lens system is constituted by a plurality of discrete electron lens systems, the plurality of electron lens systems are of the unipotential type and the intensity of the preceding lens system is made larger than that of the succeeding lens system.

Abstract: An electron-gun for cathode-ray tubes comprising, by comparison with prior art guns, at least one supplementary electrode (6) of the diaphragm type, arranged between the accelerator grid (3) and the anode (4) of such gun, and placed at a positive potential lower than that of said anode, forming with the entry of said anode a second condenser lens influencing the electron-beam (F) to produce a second cross-over (C.sub.2) and utilisable in particular for multicolor cathode-ray tubes.

Abstract: A television cathode ray tube has associated therewith a power supply for developing discrete supply voltages. A general purpose electron gun is depicted for receiving supply voltages from the power supply to produce a sharply focused beam of electrons at the cathode ray tube screen. The gun comprises associated cathode means and grid means for producing a beam of electrons, and novel focus lens means. The focus lens means receives electrons from the cathode means and a predetermined pattern of voltages from the power supply and comprises at least three electrodes for establishing a single, continuous electrostatic focusing field characterized by having an axial potential distribution which, at all times during tube operation, decreases smoothly and monotonically from a relatively intermediate potential to a relatively low potential spatially located at a lens intermediate position, and then increases smoothly, directly and monotonically from said relatively low potential to a relatively high potential.

Abstract: In an electron gun for use in a cathode ray tube of the class wherein a main electron lens system is constituted by a plurality of discrete electron lens systems, the plurality of electron lens systems are of the unipotential type and the intensity of the preceding lens system is made larger than that of the succeeding lens system.

Abstract: A field emission gun for use in an instrument such as an electron microscope including the field emission tip, an extraction electrode and focusing and accelerating anode means wherein there is disposed between the tip and the accelerating field of the anode means an electric field of a strength expressed in terms of electron voltage, at least equal to the lowest energy secondary electron sought to be prevented from entering the accelerating field.

Abstract: In an image tube, a photocathode is disposed to receive a photon image for emitting into the tube a corresponding electron image which is accelerated by an accelerating anode and focused upon an output device, such as a fluorescent screen or a microchannel electron multiplier. A gating electrode is interposed along the beam path between the anode and the output device. The potential difference between the photocathode and the gating electrode is periodically pulsed such that the gating electrode is sufficiently negative relative to the potential of the photocathode for reflecting the image electrons passing through the anode back to the anode for collection thereof and thus for gating off the electron image to the output device. This potential difference may be pulsed by pulsing the photocathode positive with respect to the gating electrode or by pulsing the gating electrode negative with respect to the photocathode.