Abstract: A pixel driving circuit, a driving method thereof, and a display panel applied thereof, which comprise three thin film transistors are provided. A control terminal, a first terminal, and a second terminal of a first thin film transistor are respectively electrically coupled to a first node, a high preset potential, and a second node. A control terminal, a first terminal, and a second terminal of a second thin film transistor are respectively electrically connected to a scan line, the first node, and a data line. A control terminal, a first terminal, and a second terminal of a third thin film transistor are respectively electrically connected to a scan line, a third node, and the second node.

Abstract: A voltage supply circuit that supplies a voltage to a liquid-crystal panel (10) including a common electrode (30) common to a plurality of pixels is provided with a common voltage generation circuit (310) that generates a common voltage (VCOM) to be supplied to the common electrode 30, an output terminal (320) from which the common voltage (VCOM) is output to the liquid-crystal panel (10), an input terminal (360) to which a voltage of the common electrode (30) detected in the liquid-crystal panel (10) is input as a detection voltage (VCOM_IN), and a first determination circuit (353) that determines whether or not the detection voltage (VCOM_IN) input to the input terminal (360) is normal.

Abstract: The disclosure discloses a display panel, a voltage adjustment method thereof, and a display device, and the display panel includes: at least two reference sub-pixels; a voltage compensation element coupled respectively with respective reference sub-pixels; and a power management element coupled with the voltage compensation element, wherein the voltage compensation element is configured to acquire valid values of pixel voltage of the respective reference sub-pixels when the at least two reference sub-pixels receive the same data voltage, and to generate a compensation signal of gate off voltage for the purpose of making the acquired valid values of the pixel voltage of the respective reference sub-pixels uniform; and the power management element is configured to adjust a voltage value of the gate off voltage according to the compensation signal of the gate off voltage.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses for controlling an emission of the light emitting devices are described herein. The light emitting devices may be light emitting diode (LED) devices including ?LED devices or organic LED (OLED) devices. Emission control of the LED may be performed using a micro-scale driving circuit (e.g., ?Driver) containing drive transistors for constant current driving of the light emitting devices. One embodiment provides for a display driver hardware circuit including emission logic, the emission logic including comparator logic to compare a data voltage from a storage capacitor to a voltage ramp provided via the TFT backplane, the comparator logic to cause the emission logic to generate an emission pulse to an LED device, and wherein the integrated circuit is to switch and drive a plurality of LED devices. In one embodiment each of the plurality of LED devices is a subpixel for a display device.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses for controlling an emission of the light emitting devices are described herein. The light emitting devices may be light emitting diode (LED) devices including ?LED devices or organic LED (OLED) devices. Emission control of the LED may be performed using a micro-scale driving circuit (e.g., ?Driver) containing drive transistors for constant current driving of the light emitting devices. One embodiment provides for a display driver hardware circuit comprising a thin film transistor (TFT) backplane, an integrated circuit including emission logic to cause an LED emission pulse, and a ramp signal generator to cause a voltage ramp having a slope based on an analog input voltage from the TFT backplane. The length of the LED emission pulse is related to the slope of the voltage ramp. In one embodiment the TFT backplane includes a low temperature poly-silicon (LTPS) transistor and/or an Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide (IGZO) transistor.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses for controlling an emission of the light emitting devices are described herein. The light emitting devices may be light emitting diode (LED) devices including ?LED devices or organic LED (OLED) devices. Emission control of the LED may be performed using a micro-scale driving circuit (e.g., ?Driver) containing drive transistors for constant current driving of the light emitting devices. One embodiment provides for a display driver hardware circuit comprising a thin film transistor (TFT) backplane and an integrated circuit to switch and drive a plurality of LED devices, the integrated circuit including emission logic to generate an emission pulse to an LED device, the emission logic including comparator logic having a relaxed comparator offset, the comparator logic to compare a voltage from a storage capacitor on the TFT backplane to a reference voltage to control a length of the emission pulse provided by the emission logic.

Abstract: A circuit is for balancing currents flowing through a parallel assembly of semiconductor components of the same type. The circuit may include a respective regulation circuit for each semiconductor component. Each regulation circuit may include a comparator of a first signal representative of the current flowing through the component with a reference signal, and a resistive element of a changeable resistance and controlled by the comparator.

Abstract: System and methods are provided for driving one or more light emitting diodes (LEDs) to reduce audible noise. An example system includes a switching component, a system controller, and a current generator. The switching component is configured to receive a dimming signal with a predetermined dimming frequency and configured to switch on or off the one or more LEDs in response to the dimming signal, the predetermined dimming frequency being outside a frequency band of the audible noise. The system controller is configured to receive a feedback signal related to a LED current that flows through the one or more LEDs and configured to generate a drive signal. Additionally, the current generator is configured to receive the drive signal, to generate a charging current to store energy during a charging period and to generate the LED current during a discharging period.

Abstract: A phase of the pulse control signal upon restarting is synchronized with the phase of the pulse control signal upon suspending, thereby suppressing fluctuations of output voltage in each phase of the inverter upon restarting and further suppressing fluctuations of voltage supplied to the load. Upon supplying DC power to a plasma generator, when arc discharge occurs in the plasma generator, supplying of the DC power is suspended to reduce damage on the electrodes and substrate, and further upon extinguishing of the arc discharge, supplying of the DC power is restarted. In suspending and resuming the DC output, the current flowing in the chopper upon suspending is held in the form of circulating current, and upon restarting the inverter, this circulating current is supplied to the load. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce a delay in supplying the DC power to the load, upon resuming the DC output.

Abstract: Intermittent short-circuit control is performed in the ignition mode, thereby allowing short-circuit current to flow in the current source step-down type chopper. Energy of the short-circuit current is temporarily accumulated in the inductor provided in the current source step-down type chopper. The accumulated energy boosts the output voltage from the direct current power supply device during the period until the next short circuiting, via the current, the multiphase inverter, and the rectifier. The voltage boosting operation where accumulation of the current energy by short circuiting and boosting of the output voltage by conduction are repeated, controls an increase of the output voltage which is applied to the plasma generator.

Abstract: A current control circuit and associated method are disclosed hereby. The current control circuit has a fly-wheel circuit, comprising an inductor, a rectifier and a load; a current sense circuit, detecting a load current, configured to generate a first current signal; a compensating circuit, generating a compensating signal; a control circuit, generating a control signal according to the first current signal and the compensating signal; a first switch, coupled to the fly-wheel circuit, turned ON and OFF according to the control signal. By the effect of the compensating signal, the drift error of the average load current is prohibited.

Abstract: A lighting device formed of a FIPEL panel driven by electrical connection. For example, a frequency generator can create a frequency that creates a light output having any frequency in the spectrum. The light emitting panel can be flexible, and can be coded along a curved surface, such as the inner surface of a light bulb.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a pixel unit driving circuit and method, and a pixel unit of an Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode AMOLED panel and a display apparatus.

Abstract: A field emission device is configured as a heat engine with an AC output.

Abstract: Driving circuit comprises a first input, at which a first supply voltage is present, a second input, at which a second supply voltage is present, a first current supply unit selectively coupled to first or second input as function of at least one first control signal, at least one second current supply unit selectively coupled to first or second input as function of at least one second control signal, a control unit connected to first current supply unit and to at least one second current supply unit for respective control thereof and designed to provide at least one first and second control signal, and a first output coupled to first current supply unit to provide a first current for at least one first light-emitting diode, at least one second output coupled to at least one second current supply unit to provide second current for at least one second light-emitting diode.

Abstract: The present invention overcomes image defects such as the brightness inclination or smears by reducing the line resistance of a power source bus line which supplies electricity to organic EL elements. A plurality of pixels which are arranged in a matrix array is connected to power source lines, and the plurality of power source lines are connected to a power source bus line. Both ends of the power source bus line are connected to a power source part via a FPC. By supplying electricity to both ends of the power source bus line from the power source part, the line resistance of the power source bus line can be reduced.

Abstract: The present invention overcomes image defects such as the brightness inclination or smears by reducing the line resistance of a power source bus line which supplies electricity to organic EL elements. A plurality of pixels which are arranged in a matrix array is connected to power source lines, and the plurality of power source lines are connected to a power source bus line. Both ends of the power source bus line are connected to a power source part via a FPC. By supplying electricity to both ends of the power source bus line from the power source part, the line resistance of the power source bus line can be reduced.

Abstract: Disclosed is a display device, the device including a light emitting part including a first electrode, an organic light emitting layer and a second electrode for radiating light of a first wavelength, a pixel part stacked on the light emitting part to radiate light of a second wavelength using a reflective light, and a capping layer arranged between the light emitting part and the pixel part to reflect the light of the first wavelength and to transmit the light of the second wavelength, whereby legibility, color reproduction range and power consumption can be enhanced.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the trajectory of one or more electrons is controlled in a field emission device. In another embodiment, the field emission device is configured analogously to a klystron. In another embodiment, the field emission device is configured with electrical circuitry selected to control the input and output of the device.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes a first pixel circuit which is disposed so as to correspond to each intersection between a scanning line and a first data line, a second pixel circuit which is disposed so as to correspond to each intersection between a scanning line and a second data line, a signal line, a selection section, a driving circuit. In a first selection period, the selection section is operated such that the first data line and the second data line are electrically connected to the signal line. In the second selection period, the selection section is operated such that the second data line is electrically connected to the signal line. In a writing period, the first data potential is supplied to the first pixel circuit and the second data potential is supplied to the second pixel circuit.

Abstract: The present invention overcomes image defects such as the brightness inclination or smears by reducing the line resistance of a power source bus line which supplies electricity to organic EL elements. A plurality of pixels which are arranged in a matrix array is connected to power source lines, and the plurality of power source lines are connected to a power source bus line. Both ends of the power source bus line are connected to a power source part via a FPC. By supplying electricity to both ends of the power source bus line from the power source part, the line resistance of the power source bus line can be reduced.

Abstract: A flow tube apparatus may include a flow tube having a first opening and a second opening, a corona electrode provided in the flow tube, a collecting electrode provided in the flow tube, and at least one focusing electrode provided in the flow tube to guide ions and thereby provide an ionic wind. In at least one embodiment, the flow tube apparatus may be provided in an electronic apparatus to provide an air flow.

Abstract: The present invention overcomes image defects such as the brightness inclination or smears by reducing the line resistance of a power source bus line which supplies electricity to organic EL elements. A plurality of pixels which are arranged in a matrix array is connected to power source lines, and the plurality of power source lines are connected to a power source bus line. Both ends of the power source bus line are connected to a power source part via a FPC. By supplying electricity to both ends of the power source bus line from the power source part, the line resistance of the power source bus line can be reduced.

Abstract: A plasma display device driven during an address period and a sustain period includes a discharge cell defined by a scan electrode, a sustain electrode, and an address electrode, an addressing circuit for providing an address voltage to the address electrode, and an addressing compensation circuit for storing voltage corresponding to a displacement current generated during a sustain period to be utilized during the address period. The addressing compensation circuit includes a switch coupled with the address electrode through which the displacement current supplied from the scan electrode and the sustain electrode is received during the sustain period, and a capacitor coupled with the switch for storing the voltage corresponding to the displacement current received through the switch.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a rear plate including electron-emitting devices, a face plate including an anode electrode, a voltage applying unit configured to apply a voltage to the anode electrode, a switching unit configured to switch between a display state of displaying an image and a non-display state of displaying no image, and a timing unit. The timing unit measures a non-display time, which is an amount of time that the switching unit allows the non-display state to continue. After the timing unit has measured a certain non-display time, the voltage applying unit applies, to the anode electrode, a second voltage lower than a first voltage to be applied in the display state, to enable the electron-emitting devices to emit electrons.

Abstract: A method for driving a plasma display device including first electrodes and second electrodes. In one embodiment, the plurality of first electrodes are divided into a plurality of groups including first and second groups. During a first period of a sustain period, a second voltage is applied to the first and second groups of the first electrodes while a first voltage is applied to the second electrodes, the second voltage being higher than the first voltage. During a second period of the sustain period, while the second voltage is applied to the second electrodes, the first voltage is applied to the first group of the first electrodes, and the first voltage is applied to the second group of the first electrodes a period of time after when the first voltage is initially applied to the first group of the first electrodes.

Abstract: Provided is a field emission lamp (FEL), which includes a plurality of cathode electrodes formed above a first substrate, an anode electrode formed under a second substrate to face the cathode electrode, a fluorescent layer composed of red, green and blue (RGB) patterns formed alternately on the anode electrode in an oblique direction, and a plurality of emitters formed on the cathode electrodes to correspond to the RGB patterns. According to the present invention, as an FEL having a fast response time is used as a backlight unit, a color breaking phenomenon can be prevented in a color sequential driving method.

Abstract: The field emission device includes: a front substrate and a rear substrate which are disposed at a certain distance and opposite to each other; at least one or more cathode electrodes formed on the rear substrate; at least one or more gate electrodes formed to be distant from the cathode electrodes and to be insulated with the rear substrate; emitters formed on the upper surfaces of the cathode electrodes; an anode electrode formed on the front substrate toward the rear substrate side; a fluorescent layer formed on the anode electrode; a first voltage application circuit for applying an AC voltage to the anode electrode; and a second voltage application circuit for applying an AC voltage to the gate electrode, wherein the AC voltages being applied to the anode electrode and the gate electrode are synchronized.

Abstract: An electron emission device having a high electron emitting rate and a display including the device are provided. The electron emission device using abrupt metal-insulator transition, the device including: a board; a metal-insulator transition (MIT) material layer disposed on the board and divided by a predetermined gap with portions of the divided MIT material layer facing one another; and electrodes connected to each of the portions of the divided metal-insulator transition material layer for emitting electrons to the gap between the portions of the divided metal-insulator transition material layer.

Abstract: A plasma display apparatus is disclosed. The plasma display apparatus includes a plasma display panel and a driver. The plasma display apparatus includes a scan electrode, a sustain electrode, an address electrode, a lower dielectric layer on the address electrode, and a phosphor layer on the lower dielectric layer. The phosphor layer includes a phosphor material and an additive material. The driver does not supply a sustain signal to at least one of the scan electrode and the sustain electrode during a sustain period of a first subfield of a plurality of subfields of a frame. A sustain period of at least one subfield of the plurality of subfields of the frame is omitted.

Abstract: A method according to one embodiment may include supplying power to an LED array having at least a first string of LEDs and a second string of LEDs coupled in parallel, each of the strings includes at least two LEDs. The method of this embodiment may also include comparing a first feedback signal from the first string of LEDs and a second feedback signal from the second string of LEDs. The first feedback signal is proportional to current in said first string of LEDs and said second feedback signal is proportional to current in said second string of LEDs. The method of this embodiment may also include controlling a voltage drop of at least the first string of LEDs to adjust the current of the first string of LEDs relative to the second string of LEDs, based on, at least in part, the comparing of the first and second feedback signals. Of course, many alternatives, variations, and modifications are possible without departing from this embodiment.

Abstract: An addressing mechanism for charging and discharging quasi-capacitive elements in an X-Y matrix. The addressing mechanism may be configured to toggle a resistor-capacitor (RC) time constant between large and small values such as by opening or closing a circuit path to a low impedance resistor disposed in parallel with a higher impedance in-line resistor. When this occurs, elements in the X-Y matrix can be addressed and controlled. The X-Y matrix may be comprised of multiple “rows” and “columns” of conductors where crosstalk may occur along the columns and rows. Crosstalk may be curtailed by using either hysteresis management or global control of the row's impedance along its entire length. The resulting control obviates the need for active devices at each matrix element to perform the switching functions.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention is a microcavity plasma device that can be controlled by a low voltage electron emitter. The microcavity plasma device includes driving electrodes disposed proximate to a microcavity and arranged to contribute to generation of plasma in the microcavity upon application of a driving voltage. An electron emitter is arranged to emit electrons into the microcavity upon application of a control voltage. The electron emitter is an electron source having an insulator layer defining a tunneling region. The microplasma itself can serve as a second electrode necessary to energize the electron emitter. While a voltage comparable to previous microcavity plasma devices is still imposed across the microcavity plasma devices, control of the devices can be accomplished at high speeds and with a small voltage, e.g., about 5V to 30V in preferred embodiments.

Abstract: Disclosed is an organic light-emitting transistor device comprising a substrate, a first electrode layer formed on the upper side of the substrate, a multilayer structure formed locally on the upper side of the first electrode layer in a predetermined size and sequentially having an insulating layer, an auxiliary electrode layer and a charge injection-suppressing layer in this order, an organic EL layer formed on the upper side of the first electrode layer where at least the multilayer structure is not formed, and a second electrode layer formed on the upper side of the organic EL layer. This organic light-emitting transistor device is characterized in that the charge injection-suppressing layer is formed larger than the auxiliary electrode when viewed in plan.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a field emission device. More specifically, the present invention may prohibit unnecessary voltage from being applied to an anode electrode during non-operating time that no voltage is applied to a gate electrode to reduce driving power, prohibit electrons from being emitted with unnecessary high voltage which is applied to the anode electrode to increase luminous efficiency, and reduce a time that unnecessary high voltage is applied to the anode electrode to extend life time of the field emission device, by applying AC voltage to the anode electrode to correspond to a time that voltage is applied to the gate electrode and a type of voltage which is applied to the gate electrode.

Abstract: The invention relates to an LED current driving system. The LED current driving system comprises an LED driver. The LED driver comprises at least one LED driving unit for outputting a driving current to an LED. Each LED driving unit comprises a plurality of current sources and a plurality of switches. The switches are connected to the corresponding current source. Each switch controls the ON/OFF state of the corresponding current source in accordance with the duty cycle control signal and a current control signal. Therefore, by integrating the LED driver on the LCOS panel, the LED current driving system of the invention can decrease the pin number of the LCOS chip, the overall area and the system cost so as to improve the yield of the LED current driving system. Besides, the LED current driving system utilizes the current sources to form the driving current to stably and precisely control the driving current flowing through the corresponding LED so that the color quality of the image can be improved.

Abstract: An electron emission display (EED) includes an anode and a panel electrode unit comprising a scan electrode that extends in one direction of a lattice type panel and a data electrode that extends across the scan electrode. In the display and a method of driving the same, when power is supplied to the electron emission display, an anode voltage is applied to drive the anode, and a voltage is applied to at least one electrode of the panel electrode unit when the anode voltage is equal to or higher than a reference voltage.

Abstract: A flat panel display includes a plurality of pixel anode electrodes arranged in a display area. A plurality of anode electrode lines for supplying a driving current to the pixel anode electrodes are connected at one end to pixel anode electrodes, and at the other to one or more current supply lines of a current supply line assembly. The current supply lines, in turn, are connected to first and second terminals to which the driving current is applied. The current supply line assembly also includes an impedance adjusting means for adjusting impedance of at least one of the first and second supply lines. The impedance adjusting means may be configured as a third separate supply line connected to at least one of the first and second supply lines, and the impedance of the current supply line is adjusted by varying the length or width of the third current supply line.

Abstract: An electron emission device having a high electron emitting rate and a display including the device are prodivided. The electron emission device using abrupt metal-insulator transition, the device including: a board; a metal-insulator transition (MIT) material layer disposed on the board and divided by a predetermined gap with portions of the divided MIT material layer facing one another; and electrodes connected to each of the portions of the divided metal-insulator transition material layer for emitting electrons to the gap between the portions of the divided metal-insulator transition material layer.

Abstract: There is provided a characteristic adjustment method for an image forming apparatus that is provided with a multi-electron source in which a plurality of electron-emitting devices are electrically connected by wiring and arranged on a substrate and a fluorescent member for emitting light by irradiation of an electron beam, the method including: a measurement step of dividing a display portion of the image forming apparatus into a plurality of areas and measuring light emitting characteristics of at least one or more of the electron-emitting devices in the respective divided areas, and a shifting step of shifting the light emitting characteristics of the electron-emitting devices in the divided areas to individual characteristic target values by applying a characteristic shift voltage to the electron-emitting devices.

Abstract: An image display having a display panel including pixels in a matrix pattern, anodes formed corresponding to the pixels, a cathode in common with the anodes, EL elements provided between the anode and the cathode and including a light emitting layer, and TFTs for controlling the current supply to the EL elements. The display also has a scan driver for selecting pixel lines on the display panel, a data driver for applying RGB display signals corresponding to a pixel line of the display panel when the pixel line is selected, and a display controller for using a current value fed back by the common cathode and externally input RGB data to correct a white gray level of the RGB data and to generate RGB display data to the data driver.

Abstract: It is disclosed that there is a sustaining pulse generator of a plasma display panel capable of simplifying a circuit configuration thereof. A sustaining pulse generator of a plasma display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a DC converter for converting AC voltage to DC voltage; a switching part for switching the DC voltage to convert into square wave; a transformer for inducing the square wave to an output terminal thereof connected to a panel; and a rectifier for rectifying the square wave induced to the output terminal to apply to the panel.

Abstract: An electron emitting apparatus includes a lower electrode, an emitter section made of a dielectric material, a plurality of upper electrodes having micro through holes, and a collector electrode opposing the upper electrodes. In this electron-emitting apparatus, electrons are accumulated in the emitter section by controlling the potential difference (drive voltage) between the lower and upper electrodes with respect to the potential of the lower electrode to a negative predetermined voltage. At this time, the collector electrode of the electron-emitting apparatus is grounded. Thus, unnecessary electron-emitting is suppressed. Subsequently, the drive voltage is changed to a positive predetermined voltage. As a result, polarization reversal occurs in the emitter section, and accumulated electros are emitted through the micro through holes in the upper electrodes by Coulomb repulsion. At this time, a positive voltage Vc is applied to the collector electrode to give large energy to accelerate the electrons.

Abstract: Disclosed are a power supplying apparatus, a backlight assembly and an LCD apparatus having the same. A control section outputs a switching signal so as to control an output of a constant current supplied to a lamp unit in response to on and/or off signals and a dimming signal and a switching section controls an output of a direct current voltage source in response to the switching signal. A power outputting section provides an alternating current voltage source having a constant voltage to the lamp unit. A sensing section senses variation of a power supplied to the lamp unit and a detecting section compares a sensing signal with a predetermined reference signal to output a detecting signal to the control section, thereby maintaining the constant current to be supplied to the lamp unit. Accordingly, the LCD apparatus may prevent deterioration of an image and damage of circuit thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to a device for switching and controlling an electron dose emitted by a micro-emitter comprising a sensor module (30) that receives the output current from the micro-emitter and a voltage to adjust the polarization point of the said device, a comparator module that receives a threshold voltage to adjust the quantity of charges to be emitted, a logical module to initialize the electron emission, and to define whether or not the micro-emitter should emit, a control module that generates the voltages necessary for initialization and extinction of the micro-emitter current pulse, means of varying the threshold voltage.

Abstract: A power supply device for displaying includes a set register for setting an amplitude and voltage level of a driving voltage for a common electrode and an amplitude and voltage level of a non-selecting period voltage for a scan line, an amplitude reference generating circuit for generating an amplitude reference voltage for the driving voltage of the common electrode and for the non-selecting period voltage of the scan line according to a set value, a VcomH reference generating circuit and a VcomL generating circuit for A.C. driving the common electrode with an amplitude and voltage level determined by the amplitude reference voltage and set value, a VgoffH generating circuit and a VgoffL reference generating circuit for generating the non-selecting period voltage of the scan line with an amplitude and voltage level determined by the amplitude reference voltage and set value.

Abstract: A spark gap device that is formed in an integrated circuit (IC). The IC has a dielectric substrate upon which a high-voltage switch is disposed. The switch includes an anode element and a cathode element separated from each other by a spark gap. A trigger electrode is disposed on the substrate material in the spark gap. A capacitor is electrically coupled to the trigger electrode. The cathode and anode elements and the trigger electrode preferably are at least partially covered with a dielectric material. When the capacitor is charged, the charge on the capacitor exerts a strong electric field on the cathode and anode elements that causes ions to migrate in the cathode and anode elements toward the spark gap. When the trigger electrode is excited by an electrical current, the ions arc across the gap and a conductive path is created between the cathode element and the anode element.

Abstract: An electron emitter has an emitter section having a plate shape, a cathode electrode formed on a front surface of the emitter section, and an anode electrode formed on a back surface of the emitter section. A drive voltage from a pulse generation source is applied between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode through a resistor. The anode electrode is connected to GND (ground) through another resistor. A collector electrode is provided above the cathode electrode, and the collector electrode is coated with a fluorescent layer. A bias voltage is applied to the collector electrode through another resistor.

Abstract: The invention prevents an uneven display on an organic EL display panel by reducing characteristic variation of a driving transistor among pixels. A gate signal line for supplying a gate signal and a drain signal line for supplying a display signal are crossing each other. Four split driving TFTs of P-channel type are provided in a pixel, and drains of the driving TFTs are connected with anodes of split organic EL elements, respectively. A common gate of the driving TFTs is connected with a pixel selecting TFT.

Abstract: A method for scanning a specimen 105 with beams 102 of charged particles of a source group. Thereby, a plurality of target points 402 is scanned with a charged particle beam emitted by a source 106 and the same plurality of target points is scanned with at least one further charged particle beam emitted by at least one further source. Further, the charged particle beams from the source and the at least one further source are emitted on the same target point at different times. Additionally, a multiple charged particle beam source and a data feed system are provided. A source array 104 comprises at least one logical emitting unit 106, wherein patterning information is shifted in a shift circuit 140, and redundancy emitting units 106, wherein individual redundancy emitting units obtain patterning information from the shift register.