Abstract: A backlight module and a display device are provided. The backlight module includes: a rubber frame, a reflective film and an optical component. The optical component is arranged at a receiving region formed on the top of the rubber frame, the rubber frame is provided with an adhesive at the bottom, and the reflective film is fixed to the rubber frame through the adhesive to space the reflective film apart from the optical component by a predetermined interval.

Abstract: A method for verifying a position of an energy beam spot, said method comprising the steps of: providing a calibrated energy beam having a first focus in a at least two positions at a work table, detecting said at least two positions of said energy beam spot on said work table created with said energy beam having said first focus, providing said calibrated energy beam having a second focus in said at least two positions at a work table, detecting said at least two positions of said energy beam spot on said work table created with said energy beam having said second focus, comparing said at least two positions created with said first and second focus, wherein said position of the energy beam is verified if said positions created with said first focus are deviating less than a predetermined distance from said positions created with said second focus.

Abstract: An ion implantation system, having a temperature controlled ion source chamber is disclosed. The temperature of the ion source chamber is regulated by disposing a heat sink in proximity to the ion source chamber. A gas fillable chamber is disposed between and in physical communication with both the ion source chamber and the heat sink. By controlling the amount of gas, i.e. the gas pressure, within the gas fillable chamber, the coefficient of heat transfer can be manipulated. This allows the temperature of the ion source chamber to be controlled through the application or removal of gas from the gas fillable chamber. This independent temperature control decouples the power used to heat the ion generator from the ion species that are ultimately generated.

Abstract: A high power RF device has an electron beam cavity, a modulator, and a circuit for feed-forward energy recovery from a multi-stage depressed collector to the modulator. The electron beam cavity include a cathode, an anode, and the multi-stage depressed collector, and the modulator is configured to provide pulses to the cathode. Voltages of the electrode stages of the multi-stage depressed collector are allowed to float as determined by fixed impedances seen by the electrode stages. The energy recovery circuit includes a storage capacitor that dynamically biases potentials of the electrode stages of the multi-stage depressed collector and provides recovered energy from the electrode stages of the multi-stage depressed collector to the modulator. The circuit may also include a step-down transformer, where the electrode stages of the multi-stage depressed collector are electrically connected to separate taps on the step-down transformer.

Abstract: An ion transport apparatus for a mass- or ion-mobility-spectrometer comprises: (a) a plurality of strip electrodes in a series on a fiat substrate; (b) an ion outlet aperture in the substrate disposed adjacent to a first one of the plurality of strip electrodes; (c) a cage electrode at least partially enclosing the plurality of strip electrodes and the ion outlet aperture; (d) a radio frequency (RF) voltage generator operable to supply an RF phase difference between each pair of adjacent electrodes; and (e) at least one DC voltage source operable to supply first and second DC voltages to the cage electrode and an extraction electrode and to supply respective DC bias voltages to each of the plurality of electrodes, wherein electrode strip widths of a series of the plurality of electrodes progressively increase away from the first one of the plurality of electrodes.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention relate to a plasma electron source apparatus. The apparatus comprises a cathode discharge chamber in which a plasma is generated, an exit hole provided in said cathode discharge chamber from which electrons from the plasma are extracted by an accelerating field provided between said cathode discharge chamber and an anode, at least one plasma confinement device, and a switching mechanism for switching the at least one plasma confinement device between a first value allowing for electron extraction from the plasma and a second value prohibiting electron extraction from the plasma. Associated methods are also provided.

Abstract: It is capable of independently modulating the scanning velocities of multiple electron beams having a beam interval. Allowing a current to pass through the velocity modulation coils results in modulation of the scanning velocities of the multiple electron beams (19A, 19B) emitted from electron guns contained in a neck portion of a cathode ray tube to sharpen the outline of picture. The velocity modulation coils have a coil configuration including three upper coils (27A, 27B, and 27C) and lower three coils (28A, 28B, and 28C) for respectively generating asymmetrical quadri-pole magnetic fields. The magnetic fields independently generated by these two types of the velocity modulation coils allows the scanning velocities of the multiple electron beams (19A, 19B) to be almost independently modulated.

Abstract: A cutoff adjustment method of a CRT using a Hi-Gm tube is proposed as well as a problem that luminance of a display screen is changed by a fluctuation of a Gm voltage to be applied to a Gm electrode in relation to fluctuations of currents flowing into the Gm electrode and a G2 electrode is solved. On this occasion, the cutoff adjustment method of the Hi-Gm tube sets such that a Gm voltage value of a Gm electrode voltage source and a black level bias voltage value applied to a cathode for displaying a black level agree with each other. Further, the CRT display device having the Hi-Gm tube is constituted such that it is provided with a voltage detection circuit in an output side of the Gm electrode voltage source for measuring a fluctuation of an output voltage from the Gm electrode voltage source to keep the Gm voltage constant by a feedback from the voltage detection circuit.

Abstract: A CRT display apparatus including a CRT having an electron gun is disclosed. The electron gun includes a cathode, a G1 electrode, a G2 electrode, and a G3 electrode disposed in that order for drawing electrons from the cathode. The electron gun further includes a modulating Gm electrode disposed between the G2 electrode and the G3 electrode. The CRT display apparatus is provided with a current measuring circuit measuring a current flowing through the Gm electrode and a controller for controlling a value of a voltage applied to the Gm electrode according to a value of the current measured by the current measuring circuit for the purpose of preventing the electron beam flowing from the electron gun to the screen of the CRT from becoming excessive.

Abstract: A CRT display apparatus is disclosed. The CRT display apparatus includes a CRT having an electron gun whose electrodes for controlling an electron beam are applied with voltages from their respective voltage sources specifically designed to supply an electrode current, and is capable of automatically ceasing a discharge that has occurred under fault conditions between any electrode within the electron gun and the cathode or an anode of the CRT.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and system for optimizing the output of at least two electron guns in a cathode ray tube for aging the cathode ray tube during manufacture. The system comprises at least two electron guns located in the cathode ray tube and a memory configured to store an offset value that is representative of a difference between a maximum output level and a detected output level for each of the electron guns. The system further comprises a processor coupled to the memory. The processor generates a first scaled signal by adding a first signal representative of an input voltage corresponding to the detected output level of the first electron gun and an offset signal representative of the offset value, and a second scaled signal by adding a second signal representative of an input voltage corresponding to the detected output level of the second electron gun and the offset signal.

Abstract: In a line deflection circuit including an "S"0 correction capacitor in series with the deflection winding a second "S" capacitor is inserted in series with the first one, and there is impressed a sawtooth current at line frequency whose amplitude varies at field frequency by an auxiliary circuit similar to the main deflection circuit and of a source whose voltage varies parabolically with the field frequency. The supply circuit applies a d.c. voltage substantially without field modulation to the series arrangement formed by the two S capacitors.

Abstract: A system and method for displaying an image for photographic reproduction operates to calibrate the brightness of the image display prior to each photographic reproduction in a manner that accounts for the variations in the brightness characteristics of the images of different scenes to be photographically reproduced.

Abstract: A structure for a resistor to be built into a cathode ray tube. The built-in resistor divides an applied anode potential into an intermediate focusing potential. The built-in resistor has a main resistor and an additional resistor means. The additional resistor means is serially connected to the main resistor. The additional resistor means provides a plurality of resistors, one of which is selected for fine adjusting the divided potential.

Abstract: An installation for electron beam metalworking comprises an electron gun (1), a transformer and rectifier system producing a rectified high voltage supplied to the gun, a vacuum tube (23) disposed in the circuit and associated with means (21) sensitive to the current flowing through the circuit and adapted to interrupt the current when it exceeds a predetermined value. The circuit is characterized in that the positive terminal of the rectifier is connected to the gun anode (4) by way of earth (the reference potential) and the vacuum tube (23) associated with its current flow sensiive means (21) is disposed in the connection between the negative terminal of the rectifier (19) and the gun cathode (3).

Abstract: An improved apparatus for driving a cathode-ray tube (CRT) with minimized power consumption is disclosed. In the apparatus, a voltage regulator element (a Zener diode) supplying a regulated voltage substantially equal to that voltage of the associated cathode providing a maximum image luminance is connected in series with the cathode between the driving circuit and the cathode, thereby reducing the driving voltage of the driving power source and reducing the power consumption of the CRT driving apparatus.

Abstract: Apparatus for controlling the intensity of a display on a cathode ray tube wherein the control signals are DC through several megahertz and a control loop maintains the average value of the control signal on the grid of a cathode ray tube relatively constant. Low frequency and high frequency signals are applied to the tube through separate circuits which are coupled together to provide coincident high pass and low pass -3 db crossover points so that all control signals applied to the tube are substantially equal over the entire bandwidth.

Abstract: A protection circuit for television receiver picture tubes and related components which includes a diode which is forward biased during normal operation to provide coupling of the tube control grid to ground or reference potential and which is reverse biased during operation at excessively large beam currents, the reverse biasing of the diode causing the beam current to flow through a large grid-cathode resistor thereby effectively limiting electron beam current.

Abstract: A video amplifier for decoding a digital signal input and providing at least three video brightness levels plus a black level to a cathode ray tube is disclosed. The amplifier includes input logic decoding circuitry for providing control signals to a plurality of switching elements which vary the voltage level of a video output signal. The video signal has at least four discrete voltage levels corresponding to a black, dim, normal, or bright display. The amplifier is preferably mounted on the socket of the cathode ray tube and provides a bandwidth on the order of 75 to 100 MHz.

Abstract: In a video signal processing system, apparatus for limiting excessive peak and average beam currents demanded by a kinescope in response to image representative video signals. A control signal derived by a sensing circuit in response to excessive beam current is applied to the kinescope in a manner to limit excessive beam currents above a threshold level. The sensing circuit includes a capacitor arranged with a conductive diode to form an average responding filter such that the sensing circuit derives a control voltage representative of excessive average beam current in a first beam current limiting mode. In a second beam limiting mode, when beam current exceeds a predetermined level, the diode is rendered nonconductive and the capacitor is decoupled for average detection purposes. In this mode, the control signal is free to vary in accordance with rapid variations in peak beam current.

Abstract: Today's cathode ray tube oscilloscopes are widely used throughout the world and form an important basic tool in many industries. An apparatus to modulate the cathode ray display intensity, thereby enhancing the oscilloscope's capabilities in that it can now make more accurate measurements and, in effect, increase its band width, is disclosed. The apparatus to facilitate this effect is light weight, low cost, and easily connected to almost all oscilloscopes now in use.

Abstract: Electron beams in a cathodoluminescent display device are modulated utilizing a means for generating a voltage proportional to the instantaneous electrical charge on the cathodoluminescent screen and means for generating a periodic reference waveform having a peak voltage proportional to a sampling of the incoming video signal. A differential amplifier compares the voltage proportional to the electrical charge on the screen to the instantaneous voltage of the reference waveform. A regulator controls the flow of electrons to the screen so as to force the voltage which is proportional to the instantaneous screen charge to approximate the reference waveform voltage.

Abstract: A beam current limiter for a kinescope of a television receiver includes a control transistor, sensing means for providing a control voltage representative of the magnitude of beam current and a clamping network coupled to the sensing means. When beam current is below a predetermined value, the control voltage is clamped to a fixed level such that the transistor is in a first (e.g., non-conductive) condition. When beam current exceeds the predetermined value, the clamping network is disabled and the transistor conducts in response to the control voltage to provide an output signal related to the amount by which the predetermined value is exceeded. In one embodiment of the invention, the output signal is supplied to a second or black level clamping circuit associated with a video amplifier to translate a black or blanking level of a video signal in a direction for causing the kinescope to conduct less beam current.

Abstract: Temperature-rise detecting device and average beam current restricting device operable in response to the former device are provided in television receiver set. Temperature in the television receiver may be kept below a predetermined temperature by reducing the average beam current when the temperature in the television receiver set rises. This results in the lowering of the maximum rated temperature for the parts used in the fly-back transformer, the high voltage rectifier, etc.

Abstract: A beam of charged particles has its alignment and brightness alternately controlled in accordance with the current of the beam. The measurements of the current and any corrections for alignment or brightness are made when the beam is not applied to a target.

Abstract: A multi-channel display apparatus includes a computer having a random access memory means for storing of the continuous monitored data and for driving of a multiple-channel television unit, with each channel identified by a preselected unique color. Vertical scan lines generate line display segments in each channel. The computer stores line segment definition information which is compared with a beam driver control to activate one color driver which is preset to produce a predetermined color presentation for the channel. Alphanumeric data may be displayed in selected channels through a separate character channel having a character generator with an internal sequence system to read-out the selected character and channel location, with an auxiliary decoder selecting the color driver. A computer processor and a display controller are operated through an interlocking control, with the controller monitoring the computer and allowing computer-memory coupling.

Abstract: A means is disclosed for selectively increasing the emission of the several color guns of a color picture tube by placing a variable resistance between the control grid and the screen grid corresponding to each said color gun. This provides a source for increasing the voltage on the control grid of that color gun. As the voltage on the control grid is increased, the emission of that color gun is increased, thereby making it possible to blend the colors of the several color guns.

Abstract: A circuit for digitally controlling the brightness of the electron beam of an electron beam deflection tube. The circuit permits switching at a very fast rate on the order of 200 nanoseconds. To this end, a differential amplifier is used having an input and an output transistor which may be of opposite conductivity type. The circuit may be protected from saturation state by a diode and from fluctuation in temperature by a further diode and a variable capacitor may be employed for effectively neutralizing the interelectrode capacitance of the electron beam tube.

Abstract: A light source for illuminating film transparencies is in the form of a cathode-ray tube provided with electronic circuitry which causes the beam of the tube to trace a raster on the screen. The circuitry is such that the area of the raster and its position on the screen can be selectively controlled by the observer for illuminating predetermined portions of the screen. The observer can thus illuminate only that portion of the film transparency of particular interest to him, and can select the intensity of illumination by controlling the electron beam intensity. The raster is developed by sweeping the beam in the horizontal and vertical directions at different speeds using a sweep wave form that is of a symmetrical triangular shape thus eliminating the necessity for blanking the beam as the raster is developed.

Abstract: Apparatus for detecting any signal occurring within a wide bandwidth and playing it with a signal-to-noise performance substantially equal to that of a receiver of optimum bandwidth for that signal. The apparatus essentially comprises a special purpose cathode ray tube that functions as a plurality of different detectors that can self-optimize to detect any signal within a wide bandwidth by means of the interactions between the received signals and an electron beam having a wide range of electron velocities and traveling in a zig-zag path in the cathode ray tube.

Abstract: An electron gun for use in a cathode-ray tube is provided with two control grids between the cathode and an accelerating electrode. The control grids are both provided with separate control voltages bearing the same intensity-modulation information for control of the electron beam from the cathode. The two control voltages are caused to vary, one according to a linear function of the variation of the other. When this linear function is caused to have a particular slope, the area of the cathode which emits the electron beam remains approximately constant over a wide range of control voltage.

Abstract: a system is provided for matching the dynamic range of a radar signal to the dynamic range of the CRT on which it is displayed. A variable gain amplifier 10 receives the radar video signal which it supplies to buffer amplifier 12 and offset bias circuit 14 which maintain the most negative portions of the video signal at the zero volt level, corresponding to black on the CRT display. The most positive portion of the video signal at the output of amplifier 12 is compared by peak-detect and gain control circuit 16 against a reference level, manually set by control unit 18, and the error between the two is used to adjust the gain of amplifier 10. The zero-based peak-controlled signal is presented to DC restore circuit 20 which includes an analog switch that is controlled by control unit 18. Buffer amplifier 22 passes the output from circuit 20 to a limiter circuit 24 which passes only those portions of the signal existing between zero and the reference level.