Abstract: A process for rapid numbering of a drawings panel on a graphical user interface gathers geometric location information relative to a drawings panel from actions performed on a machine interface. The process generates an element number using a sequencer that has been configured with a numbering schema. The number is then associated with the geometric location of the action performed on the machine interface, and checks for any unnumbered graphical elements at the same location which it also associates with the number. The element number is stored to a number set and populated on the drawings panel at the geometric location of the performed action.

Abstract: A method for rendering a document on a web browser includes receiving a portion of text within the document to be rendered on a web browser and determining a maximum height of the portion of text. A spacer element is inserted into the portion of text, where the spacer element has a height greater than the maximum height of the portion of text. A vertical position of the portion of text and the spacer element is adjusted by an offset, where a baseline of the portion of text is determined from the height of the spacer element and the offset. The portion of text is rendered on the web browser based at least in part on the baseline.

Abstract: A communications system that includes one or more free space electron switches. The free space electron switch employs an array of electron emitters, where each emitter is responsive to an RF or optical input signal on an input channel. Each emitter includes a cathode that emits electrons in response to the input signal. Each emitter further includes a focussing/accelerating electrode for collecting and accelerating the emitted electrons into an electron beam. Each emitter further includes an aiming anode that directs the beam of electrons to a desired detector within an array of detectors that converts the beam of electrons to a representative RF or optical signal on an output channel. Each emitter may include a modulating electrode that generates an electric field to modulate data onto the beam of electrons. The communications systems employing the switch can be an ISDN, DSLAM networks, packet routing systems, ADSL networks, PBX systems, local exchange systems, etc.

Abstract: A free space electron switch is disclosed. The switch, which is useful in high speed telecommunications traffic, has an array of cathodes for emitting free space electrons. A grid of aiming anodes and, a focusing grid for forming electrons from the cathode into an electron beam are provided. A plurality of output ports for receiving the electron beam from each cathode is provided, the output ports having a phosphor coating facing the side of the channel remote from the cathode.

Abstract: A quasi-composite video signal generator incorporated in a microcomputer having a circuit for generating a quasi-composite video signal to be used to adjust a cathode ray tube (CRT) of a display unit, and the microcomputer being incorporated in the display unit. This generation circuit has a synchronous signal generation section for generating horizontal and vertical synchronous signals, a display setting unit for setting an image to be displayed, and a signal generator for generating a three-state signal Vout according to the image set by the display setting unit and the horizontal and vertical synchronous signals. The signal Vout is converted by a shaping circuit into the quasi-composite video signal, which is applied to drivers of cathode electrodes of the CRT.

Abstract: A liquid crystal light valve (10) includes compensation for wire shadow effects caused by the interception of writing beam primary electrons as they propagate through the collector electrode (66). The wire shadows stem from the lack of charge deposited on target surface regions ( 106) intended to be addressed by the writing electron beam (60a). The present invention applies to the collector electrode an appropriate voltage that diverts the paths (112) of nonintercepted writing beam electrons toward target surface regions directly below the collector electrode portions that intercepted the writing beam electrons. Diverting the paths of nonintercepted electrons provides a more uniform charge distribution on the target surface (45) and thereby fills the charge voids created by the electron intercepting portions of the collector electrode.

Abstract: A display circuit of an oscillscope to switchingly display waveforms and characters has substantially no fluctuation phenomena caused by switching waveforms and characters. Each driving amplifier for waveforms and characters is employed to drive a final stage amplifier of which outputs are applied to deflection plates of a CRT. As a driving amplifier is not used in common to amplify waveforms and characters, clear waveforms and characters are observable without fluctuations.

Abstract: A horizontal deflection circuit for controlling the horizontal deflection of an electron beam in a cathode ray tube used, for example, in a video display. The circuit uses a plurality of MOSFET transistors, which are switched on and off in unison for switching between a scan mode and a retrace mode, the MOSFET transistors being cascaded to accommodate the high voltage levels which are developed during retrace. A retrace capacitor and retrace diode are connected between the source and drain terminals of each MOSFET transistor to ensure that the voltages are divided among the transistors so that the entire voltage does not appear across any single one if they do not all switch at precisely the same time.

Abstract: An LC tank circuit in the collector of a power transistor controls the vertical modulation of the horizontal deflection of a CRT through additional deflection coils properly oriented. The tank circuit is tuned at a frequency nf for the desired modulation, where n is the number of cycles of oscillation of the tank for each drive pulse at a frequency (pulses per second) f, and each drive pulse is adjusted in width to one fourth or less of a cycle of the modulation frequency nf using an adjustable RC differentiating circuit and a threshold device to couple a squarewave signal at frequency f to the base of the power transistor.

Abstract: In a graphic display apparatus having a digital differential analyzer (DDA), a chrominance data stored in a register is written in an area of a bit map memory defined by coordinates generated from DDA by a write control circuit in response to ARDY signal. A first flip-flop is reset by a busy signal from the write control circuit and is set by a load signal. When the first flip-flop is in a reset state, a first gate produces PRDY signal requesting a microprocessor to load the chrominance data in the register in response to RDY signal indicating completion of a coordinate setting operation from DDA. When the first flip-flop is in a set state, a second gate generates CRDY signal in response to RDY signal. CRDY and RDY signals are supplied to a selector which selects one of them due to a second flip-flop for switching a line processing mode and a raster operation mode, and supplies the selected signal to the write control circuit to thereby perform write operation.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for displaying arbitrary forms on a raster-scanned cathode ray tube converting the analog X and Y deflection voltages of the raster signal directly into a digital TTL level blanking signal. The circuit designer, utilizing cartesian or polar coordinates, specifies a desired shape and its location utilizing the appropriate formulas. In this manner, a number of raster cut-out circuits are readily coupled to define a desired number of arbitrary shapes on a raster scanned cathode ray tube.

Abstract: A high definition bit mapped page display system for graphics and text utilizing multiple beams in a CRT is disclosed. Information for the several lines which are written simultaneously is made available in parallel. The invention is described in terms of a character set and text generation, but the same principles apply to any other graphic or bit map and to storage in ROMs or loadable RAMs. Eah beam of a multiple CRT tube is biased to generate a portion of a character or graphic as it scans across the tube. It takes 12 lines to scan a character with a N-beam tube, 12 over N character scans are therefore required. With the same scanning speed as with a single beam, this factor can be used to increase definition (i.e. number of lines). The invention utilizes CRTs with shaped electron beams, a bit map for storing bits utilized for generating bit patterns which are used to control the shaped electron beams.

Abstract: A quasi-resonant random access deflection system includes a biresonant, bidirectional deflection circuit connected to the deflection yoke of a display monitor picture tube and a control circuit connected to the deflection circuit and being operable to generate signals to actuate the deflection circuit so as to cause, via the magnetic fields of the deflection yoke, selected movement of the electron beam of the picture tube along a bidirectional path and stopping of the beam at any position along the bidirectional path.

Abstract: A high definition page display system for graphics and text utilizing multiple beams in a CRT is disclosed. Information for the several lines which are written simultaneously is made available in parallel. The invention is described in terms of a character set and text generation, but the same principles apply to any other graphic or bit map and to storage in ROMs or loadable RAMs. Each beam of a multiple CRT tube is biased to generate a portion of a character of graphic as it scans across the tube. It takes 12 lines to scan a character with a N-beam tube, 12 over N character scans are therefore required. With the same scanning speed as with a single beam, this factor can be used to increase definition (i.e. number of lines). Also the advantage of multiple beams can be used to reduce scanning speed, if this is useful to improve brightness or spot definition, or to increase the number of dots per line.

Abstract: A high definition page display system for graphics and text utilizing shaped beams in a CRT is disclosed. Information for the several lines which are written simultaneously is made available in parallel. The invention is described in terms of a character set and text generation, but the same principles apply to any other graphic or bit map and to storage in ROMs or loadable RAMs. Each beam of a multiple CRT tube is biased to generate a portion of a character or grahic as it scans across the tube. It takes 12 lines to scan a character with a N-beam tube, 12 over N character scans are therefore required. With the same scanning speed as with a single beam, this factor can be used to increase definition (i.e. number of lines.) Also the advantage of multiple beams can be used to reduce scanning speed, if this is useful to improve brightness or spot definition, or to increase the number of dots per line.

Abstract: A pattern generating circuit is disclosed for providing a fixed test pattern to be broadcast on a video display system such that an individual may test or repair the aforementioned video display system. The pattern generating circuit provides a horizontal sync signal, a vertical sync signal, and first and second video component signals which are then summed by a summing amplifier to form a video signal. The horizontal and vertical sync signals are then supplied to the video display system so as to activate the same. This, in turn, allows the video display system, upon receiving the video signal, to broadcast on its display screen the fixed test pattern.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for forming scanned electron beam patterns which finds particular use in multiple beam cathode ray tubes. Instead of using the vertical line array of electron beam sources which is used in conventional multiple beam tubes, a two dimensional expanded beam array is provided. The expanded array is such that no two electron beams in the array are disposed in the same scan line and it is of a geometric shape having comparable length and width dimensions. In order to form characters or other patterns logic circuitry is provided to control each beam of the expanded array at respective scanning positions as the array is deflected or scanned across the screen of the cathode ray tube.

Abstract: A display arrangement consists of a cathode ray tube in which electrons from a flood gun pass through a segmented mesh electrode, different portions of which can be selectively switched to enable the electrons to reach only selected portions of a fluorescent screen. As very low switching voltages are applied to the mesh electrode to control the passage of electrons from the flood gun, the cathode is heated to the temperature at which electrons are emitted by the application of relatively short high current pulses. Electrons are allowed to pass through the mesh electrode only during the intervals between these pulses.

Abstract: A font storage system for use in a typesetter having an electronically controlled character imaging device. The storage system, which preferably includes a floppy disk, has digital information stored thereon defining each character to be typeset by at least two outlines on a normalized X-Y grid. The digital information defining each character includes (1) digital numbers defining the X and Y coordinates of the initial start points of the outline and (2) digital numbers defining a plurality of straight line vectors extending successively along the character outlines. Each vector has a first digital number representing the X coordinate and a second digital number representing the Y coordinate distance from one end of the vector to the other.

Abstract: An electron beam deflection control system includes a first signal generation circuit which generates a triangular signal varying at a comparatively low speed, a second signal generation circuit which generates a stepped signal varying at a comparatively high speed, and a switching arrangement to change over the first and second signal generation circuits and to drive one of them, whereby the signal from the generation circuit selected by the switching arrangement is used as a deflection signal for an electron beam.

Abstract: A display indicia generator driven by compressed data is arranged to draw indicia on a display coordinated with signals from an external environment. For drawing a line, for example, the compressed data includes coordinates of a point on the line, a slope of the line and a length of the line. The display includes a deflection system for deflecting a writing beam, such as a cathode ray beam, over the display area in a predetermined pattern, i.e., a raster scan or PPI display. The signal source for the external signals to be displayed is coupled via a mixer to the unblanking control of the display. Another input to the mixer comes from the indicia generator which is arranged to enable the beam when it reaches a point, such as the start point on the line. On each succeeding coordinate scan, counters keep track of the portion of the sweep during which the beam should be unblanked so as to display the line. At the completion of the frame, the indicia has been generated concurrently with the signals.

Abstract: A signal generating system for an electronic musical instrument utilizing an electronic beam tube with a radiation intercepting structure and means to derive a signal from beam current pulses produced by scanning the structure. The width of pulses is modulated according to the width of individual components of the structure and the pulse width modulated wave is transformed to analog form by a low pass filter. The structure includes several aligned sections and the widths of each section at corresponding points of alignment are representative of the pulse-sampled amplitudes of the tonal qualities of different musical instruments.

Abstract: A character selector for a shaped beam cathode ray tube comprising an orthogonal pair of air core deflection coils each of which consists of two identical halves formed to fit snugly over the neck of the cathode ray tube. The coils are continuous windings of electrically conductive material and comprise three sections which in operation cause an on-axis electron beam to be sequentially deflected off-axis, converged back to the axis and then referenced along the axis so that the final path of the beam, sequentially deflected on off-axis excursion paths through various shaping apertures in a stencil, is dependent of its off-axis excursion. The character selector may include magnetic material placed over at least a portion of the windings to provide a fine adjustment of the relative magnetic field strength as well as for enhancing the magnetic efficiency and shielding of the device.

Abstract: An electron gun system is described for generating a high current collimated beam of electrons for use in a shaped beam cathode ray tube system. The electron gun includes a cathode having an electron emitting surface for generating free electrons, a collimating grid axially spaced from the cathode and having a central aperture, and a control grid axially spaced from the collimating grid and having a central aperture axially aligned with the aperture of the collimating grid. The control grid receives a varying potential for establishing an electric field which is substantially axial over at least a central portion of the electron beam so as to collimate the beam axially.

Abstract: Circuitry utilizing either composite sync or separated sync data provides self-stepping capability for the vertical scan of a CRT alphanumeric display. A counter counts horizontal sync pulses for varying the vertical scan rate between rows of characters in steps, and is synchronized with the beginning of each frame by the vertical sync pulse. Alphanumeric data can be displayed with any desired spacing between rows without change of character format and with minimum effect on the size of the displayed characters.

Abstract: Deflection system for a cathode ray tube used in synthetic generators of curves comprising a vertical deflection device and a horizontal deflection device. Each of the devices comprises a main loop with a main deflection coil producing a deflection having a high amplitude with a slow variation and a secondary loop with a secondary coil producing a deflection having a low amplitude with a rapid variation; the main loop is fed by a deflection signal and produces an error signal feeding the secondary loop. Compensation for the delay and for the faults inserted by the main loop and use of only one deflection signal for each device is provided.

Abstract: Apparatus for reproducing characters from cathode ray tubes wherein a beam is deflected onto alpha/numeric characters occupying a selected area of a font. The beam is deflected by relatively high speed linear vertical strokes which are displaced horizontally by a slower speed stroke advance waveform and each scan is positioned relative to one of the selected areas. The vertical linear strokes of the beam are at a variable rate and the vertical strokes are terminated by time interval pulses at an amplitude corresponding to the area height of the font character. The rate of the strokes is determined by the time interval pulses which in turn are regulated by point size control selection means. A resultant two level output signal representative of the successive selected characters controls another cathode ray tube, the scanning of which is identical to that of the first cathode ray tube.

Abstract: Apparatus for generating graphic symbols on a cathode-ray tube employs a beam control system which starts each of a plurality of parallel strokes required for each symbol at the bottom, using a programmed offset for symbols which extend below a baseline, and to otherwise move a symbol in the X and Y axes from a position routinely specified as spaced symbols are displayed in a line. The slope of the strokes for a symbol is controlled for italicizing the symbols by programming the relative magnitudes and signs of inputs to X and Y integrators which generate ramp signals added to symbol positioning signals. The beam is turned on and off during each stroke in response to a programmed and clocked bit stream of coded digital signals. The size of a symbol is controlled by programming the clock rate for the beam on-off control and the magnitudes of the inputs to the X and Y integrators.

Abstract: Apparatus for generating graphic symbols on a cathode-ray tube employs a beam control system which starts each of a plurality of parallel strokes required for each symbol at the bottom, using a programmed offset for symbols which extend below a baseline, and to otherwise move a symbol in the X and Y axes from a position routinely specified as spaced symbols are displayed in a line. The slope of the strokes for a symbol is controlled for italicizing the symbols by programming the relative magnitudes and signs of inputs to X and Y integrators which generate ramp signals added to symbol positioning signals. The beam is turned on and off during each stroke in response to a programmed and clocked bit stream of coded digital signals. The size of a symbol is controlled by programming the clock rate for the beam on-off control and the magnitudes of the inputs to the X and Y integrators.