Abstract: Disclosed embodiments relate to a combination axial fan and LED lighting system configured to fit into the footprint of a standard ceiling tile. Disclosed embodiments further include ceiling tiles with a built-in fan and/or LED lighting. The disclosed systems may include a housing container and an axial fan. The fan has a fan cavity including air diversion mechanism to direct air from the fan cavity toward the lighting and fan components. The inventions include an airflow surface to direct air existing the fan cavity along an LED light fixture. Moreover, disclosed embodiments include one or more UV light sources which irradiate contaminants as air flows through the ceiling tile.

Abstract: A system, having: an RF power source; an RF matching network electrically coupled to the RF power source; an impedance matching circuit electrically coupled to the RF matching network, wherein the impedance matching circuit has a first adjustable capacitor connected in series with the RF matching network and a second adjustable capacitor connected in parallel with the first capacitor; and an inductive process load electrically coupled to the impedance matching circuit.

Abstract: A security device is disclosed herein, comprised of a body having a first end connectable into a standard light socket or plug, and a second end having a rotatable/extendable mount with a camera mounted thereon. The body may also include a controller, a wireless communication module, lights, one or more optional sensors (such as a motion sensor, ambient light sensor, etc.), a back-up battery, a 2-way speaker, and/or a microphone.

Abstract: An omnidirectional LED filament holder and lighting device comprising the same comprises a filament tree supporting a plurality of linear LED filaments having a twisted orientation relative to a central support stalk of the filament tree. When arranged within a globe of a lighting device, the omnidirectional LED filament holder provides a lighting device providing omnidirectional light emission usable for general lighting applications while providing a desirable aesthetic for the lighting device.

Abstract: An apparatus that can operate with electronic ballasts (10) for electric discharge lamps to drive dc-powered lighting equipment (26) is provided. The apparatus is directly connected to the output of the electronic ballast (10) and is then used to control the power being supplied to the dc-powered lighting equipment (26). The maximum power delivered to the dc-powered lighting equipment (26) is substantially equal to the rated output power of the electronic ballast (10). A switching converter is acted as the necessary input impedance for the electronic ballast (10). Thus, the active power and reactive power drawn from the electronic ballast (10) can be controlled. The output of the switching converter provides dc power for the dc-powered lighting equipment (26).

Abstract: The invention relates to an electroluminescent lighting device, which is based on an array of standard electroluminescent tiles (D1-Dn) combined with an array of ballast components (R1-Rn) mounted on a carrier board (30) in such a way that the power loss is evenly spread across the whole board area to minimize local electric power in the ballast components. The unavoidable remaining hot spots and electroluminescent tiles are thermally coupled in such a way that the additional thermal load on the electro-luminescent emission layer is as symmetric as possible with respect to the self heating of the electroluminescent device. This can be achieved by a combination of properly designed heat spreading and thermal isolation of the electroluminescent and ballast components. Heat spreading is achieved by a properly designed interconnection structure (40) on the carrier board. Different options are proposed to thermally isolate the electroluminescent tiles from the hot spots.

Abstract: An object of the present disclosure is to reduce a failure rate due to a prolonged life span of a cooling fan while maintaining a satisfactory heat dissipating performance When a signal indicating a first light-up state is input, a control unit sets a current value of an output current to a predetermined value such that a cooling fan is rotated at a predetermined rotation speed, and when a signal indicating a second light-up state is input, the control unit lowers the current value of the output current to a value lower than the predetermined value such that the rotation speed of the cooling fan is lower than the predetermined rotation speed. Therefore, the life span of the cooling fan may be prolonged while maintaining the satisfactory heat dissipating performance.

Abstract: Provided is an impedance matching apparatus for matching impedance to a plasma load. The impedance matching apparatus includes a first frequency impedance matching circuit unit that transfers an output of a first frequency RF power source unit, operating at a first frequency, to the plasma load; and a second frequency impedance matching circuit unit that transfers an output of a second frequency RF power source unit, operating at a second frequency higher than the first frequency, to the plasma load. The first frequency impedance matching circuit unit includes a T-type matching circuit, and the second frequency impedance matching circuit unit includes a standard L-type matching circuit or ?-type matching circuit.

Abstract: An LED bulb is described. The LED bulb comprises a shell, a plurality of LEDs within the shell, a driver circuit connected to the plurality of LEDs, and a base connected to the shell. The driver circuit comprises a first input to receive AC voltage, a second input to receive AC voltage, a neutral input, a power supply circuit connected to the plurality of LEDs, and a brightness control circuit. The brightness control circuit is connected to the first input, the second input, and the power supply circuit. The brightness control circuit is configured to output a modified AC voltage to the power supply circuit. The modified AC voltage is created by blocking a portion of a cycle of AC received by the first or second input. The blocked portion is based on whether the first input, the second input, or the first and second inputs are both hot.

Abstract: A system and device for an adaptable, energy-efficient light unit is herein provided, wherein the system and device allows for a longer life span of the light emitting device within the light unit, and for replacing a light emitting device within a light unit that does not require any tool or complex process. The system includes at least one light emitting unit, a light panel system frame, wherein the frame includes a power track, fixtures, and conductors, a lens, and may include a hanger. The device is a light emitting unit that includes at least a circuit board, wherein the circuit board may include ventilation holes and is made of heat conductive materials, at least one light emitting source, a voltage converter, power fixtures, wherein the power fixtures are configured to retrofit conventional light fixtures. The circuit board is configured to provide consistent voltage to the light emitting device.

Abstract: An LED lamp control circuit comprises a rectifier circuit, an LED light source load, a constant current circuit, and a first temperature detect switch circuit. The LED light source load comprises at least one group of LEDs. The constant current circuit comprises at least one group of constant current source components, each of which is connected to at least one group of LEDs in the LED light source load and comprises a depletion mode field effect transistor. The first temperature detect switch circuit is connected to an input end of a power source, and comprises a first normally closed temperature detect switch mounted on a radiator. When the temperature of the radiator exceeds the disconnection temperature of the first normally closed temperature detect switch, the first normally closed temperature detect switch is disconnected, so as to cut off the power supply of the LED light source load.

Abstract: A structure of a pixel and an organic light emitting display device using the same are provided. The pixel includes an organic light emitting diode; a first transistor controlling the amount of current supplied from a first power source to the organic light emitting diode depending on a voltage applied to a second node; a second transistor coupled between a data line and a first node, and turned on when a scan signal is supplied to a first scan line; a third transistor coupled between the first power source and the first node, and turned on when the scan signal is supplied to a second scan line; a fourth transistor coupled between the first power source and the second node, and turned on when the scan signal is supplied to the second scan line; and a storage capacitor coupled between the first and second nodes.

Abstract: A dimmable high frequency induction RF fluorescent lamp, comprising a bulbous vitreous portion filled with a working gas mixture, a power coupler comprising at least one winding of an electrical conductor for receiving an alternating voltage, and an electronic ballast providing appropriate voltage and current to the power coupler and operating at a frequency greater than 5 MHz, wherein the electronic ballast comprises a dimming facility for dimming the lamp from an external dimming device.

Abstract: A high frequency induction RF fluorescent lamp comprising an electronic ballast operating at greater than 5 MHz and a power coupler with conductive material in contact with the power coupler to reduce extraneous electromagnetic radiation emanating from the power coupler.

Abstract: A high frequency induction RF fluorescent lamp that is able to replace an ordinary incandescent lamp, both in its ability to screw into a standard incandescent light bulb socket and to have the general look of the ordinary incandescent lamp, but with all of the advantages of an induction lamp, as described herein. The present disclosure describes a high frequency electronic ballast, as well as structures for an induction RF fluorescent lamp that includes a bulbous portion, a tapered portion, an electronics portion, and a screw base, creating an external look for the high frequency induction RF fluorescent lamp that is similar to the profile of an ordinary incandescent lamp.

Abstract: A fast starting induction RF fluorescent lamp comprising an electronic ballast operating at greater than 5 MHz, and a lamp envelope with structures that facilitate rapid luminous development during a turn-on phase.

Abstract: A light-emitting element includes an emitting unit and a driving circuit configured to drive the emitting unit. The driving circuit includes a driving transistor, an image signal writing transistor, and a capacitor unit. The driving circuit is connected to a current supply line and a scanning line both extending in a first direction and connected to a data line extending in a second direction. The current supply line and the scanning line are formed on the first interlayer insulating layer and the first interlayer insulating layer, the current supply line, and the scanning line are covered with a second interlayer insulating layer. The data line is formed on the second interlayer insulating layer. A shield wall extending in the first direction is provided to the second interlayer insulating layer between one light-emitting element and a light-emitting element adjacent to the one light-emitting element in the second direction.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (35) is described, which comprises a light-emitting structure designed to emit light when it is powered, and a delay structure designed to delay a propagation of at least two power signal pulses (4a_left, 4b_right, 4a_top, 4b_bottom) having a temporal relationship with one another and such a signal strength that a part of the light-emitting structure is driven in dependence on coincidence of the power signal pulses at said part of the light-emitting structure, and a terminal structure designed to receive the at least two power signal pulses (4a_left, 4b_right, 4a_top, 4b_bottom) and to feed the delay structure at its different positions with the at least two power signal pulses (4a_left, 4b_right, 4a_top, 4b_bottom). A circuit for powering said light-emitting structure, as well as a method of operating said organic light-emitting diode (35) is also described.

Abstract: A light-emitting diode fixture comprises spaced-apart first and second housing portions. There is a cooling device disposed within the first housing portion. The cooling device is in fluid communication with the second housing portion. First and second printed circuit boards are disposed within the second housing portion. A light-emitting diode and a negative coefficient thermistor array are mounted on the first printed circuit board. The light-emitting diode and the negative coefficient thermistor array are each thermally coupled to a heat sink. A rectifier is mounted on the second printed circuit board. The rectifier is electrically connected in series with the negative coefficient thermistor array and the cooling device. Current used to power the cooling device flows from the rectifier through the negative coefficient thermistor array to the cooling device.

Abstract: An integrated gas discharge lamp (5) with ignition electronics integrated into the base, comprising an ignition transformer (TIP), an ignition capacitor (CIP), and a controlled switching element (SIP), wherein the integrated ignition electronics are configured to generate an asymmetrical ignition pulse, and wherein the voltage ratio between the first lamp electrode near the base and the second lamp electrode distant from the base ranges from 22:1 to 5:4.

Abstract: A light-emitting device that is less influenced by variations in threshold voltage of a transistor is provided. Further, a light-emitting device in which variations in luminance due to variations in threshold voltage of a transistor can be reduced is provided. Further, influences due to variations in threshold voltage of a transistor are corrected in a short time. A light-emitting element, a transistor functioning as a switch supplying current to the light-emitting element, and a circuit in which threshold voltage of the transistor is obtained and voltage between a gate and a source (gate voltage) of the transistor is corrected in accordance with the obtained threshold voltage are included. An n-channel transistor in which threshold voltage changes in a positive direction and the amount of the change is small is used. When the threshold voltage of the transistor is obtained, the gate voltage of the transistor is adjusted as appropriate.

Abstract: A discharge lamp unit has a supporting part for supporting a discharge lamp, and circuit elements from which electric power is supplied to the discharge lamp through electric wires. The electric wires have radiation parts. In order to increase an amount of heat energy radiated and discharged from the radiation parts, each of the radiation parts has a large surface area when compared with that of parts other than the radiation parts in the electric wires. The structure of the electric wires makes it possible to decrease heat energy conducted from the discharge lamp side toward the circuit elements.

Abstract: An LED lamp that can take the place of incandescent lamps. An elevated light source is positioned above a screw-type base. A first plurality of LEDs is connected in a series on one side of a flat substrate and a second plurality of LEDs, equal in number to the first, is connected in series on an opposite side of the substrate. Each LED of the first and second plurality of LEDs is mounted proximate a heat sink and a drive circuit is provided for the LEDs, with the drive circuit being located proximate and electrically connected to the screw base.

Abstract: A light-emitting diode (LED) bulb has a shell and a base attached to the shell. An LED is within the shell. A driver circuit provides current to the LED. The driver circuit has a power factor control circuit that includes a tracking circuit configured to produce a tracking signal indicative of the voltage of the supply line. The power factor control circuit also includes a switch-mode power supply (SMPS) controller having an input pin and an output pin. The tracking circuit is connected to the input pin. Based on the signal at the input pin, the SMPS controller is configured to change a frequency of an output signal on the output pin.

Abstract: A light-emitting diode driver circuit and an LED light source which are capable of reliably turning OFF an LED even when an input voltage having a value smaller than a predetermined value is supplied. A light-emitting diode driver circuit for turning ON an LED includes: an inverter which outputs electric power for driving the LED; and an inverter control circuit which controls an operation of the inverter, and when a DC voltage applied to the inverter control circuit has a value smaller than the predetermined value, the inverter control circuit stops the operation of the inverter.

Abstract: There is described a circuit for retro-lighting a display, comprising a group of white light-emitting diodes connected in series between a first node and a second node and a circuit for driving said group of series-coupled light-emitting diodes comprising: a power supply providing a positive voltage supplied to the first node; and a charge pump converter providing a negative voltage obtained from the positive voltage, said negative voltage being supplied to the second node.

Abstract: An air disinfection device aimed at improving the efficiency and quality of air disinfection or sterilization may be achieved through an air disinfection device comprising a body housing a power supply and control unit, which, in turn, comprises an energy storage capacitor, a high-voltage constant current source, an ignition pulse generator, a ferrite-core pulse transformer, and a program control unit. The air disinfection device may also comprise an ultra-violet radiation source in the form of a pulsed gas-discharge lamp mounted on the body and enclosed in a tubular quartz casing. Given that the energy storage capacitor and the pulsed gas-discharge lamp may form a discharge circuit connected to the ignition pulse generator through the ferrite-core pulse transformer, the pulsed gas-discharge lamp may be placed in a bactericidal radiation translucent casing, resulting in convection air-cooling due to a natural draft inside the casing that disinfects and sterilizes surrounding air.

Abstract: A hybrid circuit for producing optical signals in response to electrical energizing signals, including: a tilted charge light-emitting device having an electrical input port and an optical output port, the device having an optical output response which is a function of input frequency; and an input interface circuit coupled with the electrical input port of the device, and having a transfer function substantially proportional to an inverse of the optical output response of the device; whereby application of the electrical energizing signals to the input interface circuit is operative to produce optical signals from the output optical port of the device. The input interface circuit includes a passive RLC circuit having a transfer function characterized by a region of increasing amplitude versus frequency.

Abstract: A light-emitting diode (LED) bulb has a shell and a base attached to the shell. An LED is within the shell. A driver circuit provides current to the LED. The driver circuit has a power factor control circuit that includes a tracking circuit configured to produce a tracking signal indicative of the voltage of the supply line. The power factor control circuit also includes a switch-mode power supply (SMPS) controller having an input pin and an output pin. The tracking circuit is connected to the input pin. Based on the signal at the input pin, the SMPS controller is configured to change a duty cycle of an output signal on the output pin.

Abstract: Provided is an impedance matching apparatus for matching impedance to a plasma load. The impedance matching apparatus includes a first frequency impedance matching circuit unit that transfers an output of a first frequency RF power source unit, operating at a first frequency, to the plasma load; and a second frequency impedance matching circuit unit that transfers an output of a second frequency RF power source unit, operating at a second frequency higher than the first frequency, to the plasma load. The first frequency impedance matching circuit unit includes a T-type matching circuit, and the second frequency impedance matching circuit unit includes a standard L-type matching circuit or ?-type matching circuit.

Abstract: One embodiment of a compact fluorescent lamp includes a circuit assembly comprising a rectifier, a plurality of capacitors, a plurality of ICs, a plurality of inductors, a transformer for converting AC to DC, a plurality of diodes, and a PCB; a CFL electrically connected to the circuit assembly; a shade for enclosing the CFL; and a housing for mounting the circuit assembly therein. The circuit assembly is operable when voltage variation is between 2.5 and 21 V. Further, the lamp can operate in one of three different power sources (e.g., DC power supply, electronic transformer, and electrical transformer).

Abstract: A metal halide lamp capable of delaying the rate of deformation in an electrostrictive phenomenon caused by the discharge of a ferroelectric ceramic capacitor when dielectric breakdown is initiated between the electrodes of an arc tube thereby preventing breakage accident, wherein a starting circuit, housed in parallel connection together with an arc tube in an outer tube of a metal halide lamp has in serial connection, a ferroelectric ceramic capacitor that is charged and discharged when a voltage at a predetermined coercive voltage or higher is applied thereby outputting a starting pulse at a high voltage from a ballast, a semiconductor switch that turns to a conduction state when a voltage of a predetermined breakover voltage or higher is applied, and a time constant control resistor that delays the discharge time of electric charges discharged from the capacitor when dielectric breakdown is initiated in the arc tube.

Abstract: A self-ballasted lamp includes a base body, a light source unit attached to one side of the base body, a lens attached to the light source unit, a cap provided on the other side of the base body and a lighting circuit arranged in the space provided by the base body and the cap. The light source unit includes a light source constituted by semiconductor light emitting elements. The lens has a lens body facing the light source and an attachment leg for attaching the lens body to the light source unit. A claw portion to be secured to the light source unit can be provided on the attachment leg.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a light source is mounted on one side of a base body, a cap is mounted on the other side of the base body and a lighting circuit is mounted in the cap. In the cap, a circumferential portion is formed, and a projection portion being projected from the other side of the circumferential portion and having an inner space opened to the one side is formed. The lighting circuit has a substrate and a plurality of components mounted on the substrate. The components include a first component group mounted on a center portion of the substrate and having a height stored in the projection portion and a second component group mounted on a peripheral portion of the substrate and having a smaller height stored in the circumferential portion.

Abstract: A light-emitting diode (LED) bulb has a shell and a base attached to the shell. An LED is within the shell. A driver circuit provides current to the LED. The driver circuit has a power factor control circuit that includes a tracking circuit configured to produce a tracking signal indicative of the voltage of the supply line. The power factor control circuit also includes a switch-mode power supply (SMPS) controller having an input pin and an output pin. The tracking circuit is connected to the input pin. Based on the signal at the input pin, the SMPS controller is configured to change a duty cycle of an output signal on the output pin.

Abstract: An integrated gas discharge lamp (5) with ignition electronics integrated into the base, comprising an ignition transformer (TIP), an ignition capacitor (CIP), and a controlled switching element (SIP), wherein the integrated ignition electronics are configured to generate an asymmetrical ignition pulse, and wherein the voltage ratio between the first lamp electrode near the base and the second lamp electrode distant from the base ranges from 22:1 to 5:4

Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (35) is described, which comprises a light-emitting structure designed to emit light when it is powered, and a delay structure designed to delay a propagation of at least two power signal pulses (4a_left, 4b_right, 4a_top, 4b_bottom) having a temporal relationship with one another and such a signal strength that a part of the light-emitting structure is driven in dependence on coincidence of the power signal pulses at said part of the light-emitting structure, and a terminal structure designed to receive the at least two power signal pulses (4a_left, 4b_right, 4a_top, 4b_bottom) and to feed the delay structure at its different positions with the at least two power signal pulses (4a_left, 4b_right, 4a_top, 4b_bottom). A circuit for powering said light-emitting structure, as well as a method of operating said organic light-emitting diode (35) is also described.

Abstract: One embodiment of a compact fluorescent lamp includes a circuit assembly comprising a rectifier, a plurality of capacitors, a plurality of ICs, a plurality of inductors, a transformer for converting AC to DC, a plurality of diodes, and a PCB; a CFL electrically connected to the circuit assembly; a shade for enclosing the CFL; and a housing for mounting the circuit assembly therein. The circuit assembly is operable when voltage variation is between 2.5 and 21 V. Further, the lamp can operate in one of three different power sources (e.g., DC power supply, electronic transformer, and electrical transformer).

Abstract: A method includes forming one or more capacitors over a substrate. The method also includes forming a transformer at least partially over the substrate. The transformer is adjacent to at least one of the one or more capacitors. At least a portion of the transformer is formed at a same level over the substrate as the one or more capacitors. The method further includes coupling the one or more capacitors and the transformer to at least one embedded integrated circuit die. The one or more capacitors, the transformer, and the at least one embedded integrated circuit die form at least part of a light emitting diode (LED) driver.

Abstract: A metal halide lamp capable of delaying the rate of deformation in an electrostrictive phenomenon caused by the discharge of a ferroelectric ceramic capacitor when dielectric breakdown is initiated between the electrodes of an arc tube thereby preventing breakage accident, wherein a starting circuit, housed in parallel connection together with an arc tube in an outer tube of a metal halide lamp has in serial connection, a ferroelectric ceramic capacitor that is charged and discharged when a voltage at a predetermined coercive voltage or higher is applied thereby outputting a starting pulse at a high voltage from a ballast, a semiconductor switch that turns to a conduction state when a voltage of a predetermined breakover voltage or higher is applied, and a time constant control resistor that delays the discharge time of electric charges discharged from the capacitor when dielectric breakdown is initiated in the arc tube.

Abstract: A spark plug having a tubular metallic housing has an internal conductor arrangement including a refractory erosion. The refractory erosion resistor is designed either as a wound wire resistor or a filament-like thin-layer resistor.

Abstract: There is provided an electric cord and switch mechanism with receptacles for the insertion of electric plugs and a plug end for insertion into a wall outlet. The cord, receptacle and switch being adapted for attachment to the trunk of a Christmas tree or other member, where a tip switch, such as a mercury switch, is employed in the device to sense departure of the member to which the device is fixed from the normal position with respect to the ground, and interrupting power to the receptacle, thereby interrupting power to any electric device attached to the cord by means of the receptacle.

Abstract: To achieve the foregoing objects and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, the metal halide lamp of this invention comprises a vitreous arc tube containing an ionizable medium and having electrodes sealed into opposed ends of the arc tube. An outer envelope encloses the arc tube and includes one end accommodating inleads sealed therethrough. A base is attached to the outer envelope having input terminals, the input terminals being connected to the inleads which in turn are connected to the tungsten electrodes. A mount is provided to support the arc tube within the outer envelope. The ionizable medium will include mercury, a metal halide, and an inert gas selected from the group consisting of argon, krypton, and xenon and mixtures thereof. In addition, a starting circuit having an open circuit voltage of at least 200 volts RMS will be provided. The inert gas having a pressure of at least about 70 torr.

Abstract: Light socket improvements include a thermal conductor which removes heat by inducing a flow of air within the socket and/or which acts as heat sink that more efficiently transfers heat to the socket support thereby enabling use of higher wattage light bulbs. The conductor may, if desired, also function as a control signal input. Other improvements simplify wiring procedures and assure safety by providing a lockable internal chamber for power terminals within the socket housing. Some embodiments of the invention include electronic control circuits and enable selection of any of a variety of modes of controlling the light sockets by touch or by other forms of signal input including remote control and optional joint or independent control of individual sockets in a light fixture which has a plurality of sockets.

Abstract: A compact low-pressure gas discharge lamp assembly includes a base and a plurality of low-pressure gas discharge light generating elements mounted to the base. Each of the light generating elements is capable of being individually energized. A ballast circuit is provided which is capable of supplying electrical energy to a variable number of the low pressure gas discharge lighting elements. A three-way switch has an input connected with the ballast circuit and two outputs. Each output is connected with a different light generating element. The switch connects one of the outputs with the ballast circuit in a first switch position and another one of the outputs with the ballast circuit in a second switch position. Both of the outputs are connected with the ballast circuit in a third switch position. The ballast circuit includes an oscillator that oscillates at a frequency that varies as a function of the number of light generating elements connected by the switch to the ballast circuit.

Abstract: An adaptor circuit used to enable stable, flicker-free operation of T8-type fluorescent lamps in a lighting fixture which already has a standard two-lamp, series-sequence, 40 watt, rapid-start type ballast installed therein. The adaptor circuit contains an isolation transformer for controlling the voltage supplied by the ballast to the T8-type fluorescent lamps and a frequency selective impedance modifier circuit for controlling the operating current supplied by the ballast to the T8-type fluorescent lamps at preselected frequencies. In one embodiment, the frequency selective impedance modifier circuit substantially eliminates the third harmonic component of the fundamental frequency of the operating current.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp has an outer bulb which surrounds a discharge vessel with intervening space. The lamp is provided with an ignition circuit which comprises a SIDAC. According to the invention, the SIDAC is mounted in a gas-filled, hermetically closed glass capsule in the outer bulb.

Abstract: A motion detecting light controller system which includes a light bulb socket adapter having a control circuit for the light which is controlled. The control circuit utilizes a first LED and a second LED, the first and second LEDs electrically isolated from the 120 v AC line which powers the remaining part of the circuit. Combinations of Led's and photo cells activate and deactivate a power switching triac. The control circuit includes a latching function which is obtained and maintained by optical means.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-pressure discharge lamp provided with a discharge vessel enclosed with intervening space by an outer bulb. An ignition circuit includes a voltage-dependent capacitor. According to the invention, the capacitor is mounted in a gas-filled glass capsule in the outer bulb.

Abstract: A protective device for a neutron tube including an ion source having an anode (2) which is brought to a positive potential relative to a cathode (3) by means of a source supply. An ion beam accelerated by means of an acceleration electrode (5) strikes a target (6) disposed on an insulating support (9) and brought to a negative potential supplied by an HT supply. The protective device includes electric elements (11, 12) limiting the tube current and/or the target voltage, which are made unalterable by enclosing them inside the neutron tube, so that any attempt to modify the electrical parameters determining the normal operating conditions of the tube necessitates the opening of the tube.