Abstract: A LED driving circuit based on a T-shaped lamp tube including: an input rectifying circuit, a Buck circuit, an IC power supply circuit, a PWM control integrated circuit, a compatible electronic ballast circuit, and an output rectifying and filtering circuit. The present application can realize the compatibility of single-ended input of AC mains, double-ended input of AC mains and double-ended input of an electronic ballast, and is simple in circuit, small in size, high in efficiency and stable in performance.

Abstract: A filament lamp lighting module and a manufacturing method thereof, the filament lamp lighting module comprise: at least two upper bridges with at least two bridge arms; and at least three lower bridges with at least one bridge arm; the lower bridge includes two rectifying bridges comprising rectifying bridge arms; the rectifying bridges are connected with the external power supply, the rectifying bridge arms are respectively connected with one ends of two rectifying diodes, and the other ends of the two rectifying diodes are respectively connected with different upper bridges to form a rectifying circuit; the lower bridge includes a bridge arm connected with one end of the filament, and the other end of the filament is connected with an upper bridge arm for rectifying and supplying power to the filament.

Abstract: A light-emitting diode (LED) tube lamp adapted to install on a lamp socket and configured to emit light when receiving an external driving signal without the external driving signal passing through or being output from a ballast includes a lamp tube, two end caps, each having at least one external connection terminal, a rectifying circuit, for rectifying the external driving signal to produce a rectified signal; a filtering circuit, for filtering the rectified signal to produce a filtered signal; an LED module, disposed on a power loop of the LED tube lamp, coupled to the filtering circuit, and configured for emitting light; a driving circuit coupled between the rectifying circuit and the LED module, and configured to drive the LED module; a mode determination circuit coupled to the rectifying circuit and the driving circuit and configured to detect the voltage level of the rectified signal; a switch circuit; and an installation detection circuit coupled to the mode determination circuit, the switch circuit,

Abstract: A driving circuit is used for driving a light-emitting circuit including a plurality of light-emitting elements connected in series. The driving circuit includes a first silicon controlled rectifier, a first current-limiting resistor, a first resistor, a controllable switch and a control circuit. One end of the first silicon controlled rectifier is grounded, and another end thereof is connected to a driving terminal for providing a driving voltage via the first current-limiting resistor. One end of the controllable switch is connected to the light-emitting circuit, another end thereof is grounded via the first resistor, and a control end thereof is connected to a first node between the silicon controlled rectifier and the first current-limiting resistor. The control circuit is configured to perform a control operation when a voltage applied to a second node between the controllable switch and the light-emitting circuit exceeds a predetermined voltage threshold.

Abstract: A vacuum tube amplification unit for use with electric instruments that allows for reduced or eliminated signal loss before the electrical signal of the instrument is amplified. The vacuum tube amplification unit includes an amplifier cartridge having an amplification circuit. The amplification cartridge is attached to and electrically connected to an instrument through a cartridge receiver. A pre-amp assembly of the amplification circuit provides a first stage of amplification, while an at least one vacuum tube provides a second stage of amplification. A power supply provides current to amplify the electrical signal of the instrument and a gain control allows for adjusting the magnitude of amplification. The amplification circuit may further include an integrated speaker, a signal converter, a transmitter, and a device terminal. Additionally, the amplifier cartridge may further include a device dock for attaching an electronic device.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electroluminescent lighting device, which is based on an array of standard electroluminescent tiles (D1-Dn) combined with an array of ballast components (R1-Rn) mounted on a carrier board (30) in such a way that the power loss is evenly spread across the whole board area to minimize local electric power in the ballast components. The unavoidable remaining hot spots and electroluminescent tiles are thermally coupled in such a way that the additional thermal load on the electro-luminescent emission layer is as symmetric as possible with respect to the self heating of the electroluminescent device. This can be achieved by a combination of properly designed heat spreading and thermal isolation of the electroluminescent and ballast components. Heat spreading is achieved by a properly designed interconnection structure (40) on the carrier board. Different options are proposed to thermally isolate the electroluminescent tiles from the hot spots.

Abstract: An illuminant device with over-temperature protection is electrically connected to a power source and includes a housing, a illuminant element, a resistor, and an over-temperature protective element. The housing includes an upper portion, a lower portion opposite to the upper portion, and two accommodating spaces communicating with the upper end and the lower end respectively. The illuminant element is placed on the upper portion. The resistor is located within one of the accommodating space and electrically connected to the illuminant element. The over-temperature protective element is located within the other accommodating space and electrically connected to the illuminant element. The over-temperature protective element senses temperatures of the illuminant element and selectively breaks the power source, such that the illuminant element is switched between conductive and non-conductive.

Abstract: A light emitting apparatus receives an external power. A switching unit is electrically connected with a light emitting unit to form a serial circuit. A first electrical connection element is electrically connected with the external power and the light emitting unit. A second electrical connection element is electrically connected with the external power and the switching unit. A sensing unit is electrically connected with the first electrical connection element, the second electrical connection element and the switching unit. When filament currents flow between two electrical input terminals of the first electrical connection element and between two electrical input terminals of the second electrical connection element, the sensing unit controls the switching unit to turn on to enable the light emitting unit to receive the external power and start to emit light. Thus, users can avoid the risk of electric shock when installing the light emitting apparatus.

Abstract: An induction RF fluorescent lamp that is able to replace an ordinary reflector-type incandescent lamp, both in its ability to screw into a standard incandescent lamp socket and to have the general look of the ordinary reflector incandescent lamp, but with all of the advantages of an induction lamp, as described herein.

Abstract: A system and method for providing pulsed power to improve performance efficiency. In one approach, pulsed power is employed to improve fuel efficiency and power of an engine. The system and method can involve a transient plasma plug assembly intended to replace a traditional spark plug. Alternatively, an approach involving a pulse generator and a nanosecond, high voltage pulse carrying ignition cable is contemplated.

Abstract: An organic light emitting device including a first substrate, at least an organic light emitting unit, a plurality of first electrode contacts and a plurality of second electrode contacts. The organic light emitting unit is disposed on the first substrate. The first electrode contacts are disposed on the first substrate at a margin of the organic light emitting unit, wherein adjacent two first electrode contacts are spaced by a first interval, and an end of each first electrode contact is electrically connected to the organic light emitting unit. The second electrode contacts are disposed on the first substrate at a margin of the organic light emitting unit, wherein adjacent two second electrodes are spaced by a second interval, an end of each second electrode contact is electrically connected to the organic light emitting unit, and the second interval is different from the first interval.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electroluminescent device (100) comprising a pair of electroluminescent stacks (101,102), each stack comprising a first electrode layer (103,104), a second electrode layer (105,106) and an electroluminescent layer (107,108) being located between the first and second electrode layers (103-105,104-106), an electrical connection (115,116) between the two stacks (101,102),each of the second electrode layers comprising a conductive plate, the two conductive plates forming a pair of receiver electrodes for capacitive power transfer.

Abstract: A 3-way halogen lamp selectively generates a first light level, second light level, and third light level based on whether a first terminal on the lamp base and a second terminal on the lamp base are connected to a power supply. A controller housed entirely within the based detects whether the first and second terminals are connected to the power supply, and generates a control signal as a function thereof. A switching circuit housed entirely within the base is operated by the control signal to provide a voltage load signal having a particular RMS voltage. A single filament halogen capsule is attached to the base and connected to the switching circuit for receiving the voltage load signal and generating the first light level, second light level, and third light level when the voltage signal has a first RMS voltage, a second RMS voltage, and a third RMS voltage, respectively.

Abstract: An array of light sources, e.g. LEDs, can be energized with electrical current provided through power bus electrodes. The array, which can be branched or looped, can coupled to a power source at two or more substrate feedthroughs. One or more alphanumeric characters and/or as line art can be defined by the layout of the light sources and electrodes. The light intensity emitted by each light source is determined by creating a tuned electrode—resistor—light source network. Each light source is coupled to the electrodes via one or more resistors, which are trimmed when formed, e.g., based a plurality of vectors defining the network, or by manually determining the voltage at each node of each electrode. This circuit design technique can be used to create signs comprising plural letters, or discrete characters that can be assembled by end users.

Abstract: A light emitting apparatus receives an external power. A switching unit is electrically connected with a light emitting unit to form a serial circuit. A first electrical connection element is electrically connected with the external power and the light emitting unit. A second electrical connection element is electrically connected with the external power and the switching unit. A sensing unit is electrically connected with the first electrical connection element, the second electrical connection element and the switching unit. When filament currents flow between two electrical input terminals of the first electrical connection element and between two electrical input terminals of the second electrical connection element, the sensing unit controls the switching unit to turn on to enable the light emitting unit to receive the external power and start to emit light. Thus, users can avoid the risk of electric shock when installing the light emitting apparatus.

Abstract: A drive circuit structure for LED lamp tube is disclosed, wherein the LED lamp tube comprises a lampshade, at least an LED lamp strap and at least a drive circuit structure. The LED lamp strap is disposed inside the lampshade, and drive circuit structure connected with the LED lamp strap is disposed on any side within the lampshade. Moreover, the drive circuit structure includes multiple general-sized electronic components, at least a large-sized electronic component and a drive circuit board, wherein such general-sized electronic components are inserted on a plane of the drive circuit board, and the large-sized electronic component is disposed upright on any side of the drive circuit board. Accordingly, though the large-sized electronic component becomes voluminous, by disposing it upright on one side of the drive circuit board, it is possible to prevent the drive circuit structure from occupying larger accommodation space due to the large-sized electronic component.

Abstract: A light emitting display includes a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) or other type of light sources mounted in a parallel-connected array that is supplied electrical current from a power bus. A voltage drop occurs along the power bus, where each successive LED is connected. To achieve either substantially equal current flow (or different desired levels of current flow) through the LEDs, a conductance of resistive traces that connect the LEDs to the power bus is selectively controlled. The resistive traces are formed by printing a resistive ink on the substrate. The conductivity of the ink used to form the resistive traces, their length, and/or the width or other cross-sectional size of the resistive traces may be selectively controlled to achieve the desired electrical current supplied to each light source, so that a uniform or desired light intensity is emitted by the LEDs.

Abstract: An external electrical-control lamp with improved structure includes a light-emitting diode lamp (1), an external power box (2), and a dimmer (4). The light-emitting diode lamp (1) has a circuit board (11), at least one light-emitting diode (12), a thermal module (13), and a rectifying circuit (14). The light-emitting diode (12) is installed on the circuit board (11), the thermal module (13) provides a heat-dissipating function to the light-emitting diode (12), and the rectifying circuit (14) provides a rectified power to the light-emitting diode (12). When a utility power (3) is supplied to the dimmer (4) and the external power box (2), a variable resistor of the dimmer (4) is adjusted and the utility power (3) is controlled by the external power box (2), thus adjusting the brightness of the light-emitting diode (12).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to devices and methods for generating light with plasma lamps. More particularly, the present invention provides plasma lamps driven by a radio-frequency source without the use of electrodes inside the bulb and related methods. In a specific embodiment, a coaxial type coupling module is used to drive an electrodeless bulb. Merely by way of example, such plasma lamps can be applied to applications such as stadiums, security, parking lots, military and defense, street lighting, large and small buildings, vehicle headlamps, aircraft landing, bridges, warehouses, UV water treatment, agriculture, architectural lighting, stage lighting, medical illumination, microscopes, projectors and displays, any combination of these, and the like.

Abstract: An image display apparatus according to the present invention comprises a plurality of electron emitting devices having an electron emitting portion provided between a cathode electrode and a gate electrode; a cathode wiring connected to the cathode electrode; and a gate wiring connected to the gate electrode and having a resistance higher than the resistance of the cathode wiring, wherein an impedance element having a resistance value of Ry and an electrostatic capacitance of Cy is connected to between the cathode wiring and the cathode electrode, a resistive element having a resistance value of Rx is connected to between the gate wiring and the gate electrode, and |Ry/(1+j?RyCy)|<Rx and Ry>Rx are satisfied, where ? is 100 MHz.

Abstract: The present invention provides a LED device with voltage-limiting unit and voltage-equalizing and current-limiting resistances, in which a LED is connected in parallel with a voltage-limiting unit, and a current-limiting resistance is connected in series between the LED and the voltage-limiting unit, and two ends of each LED are connected in parallel with an voltage-equalizing resistance for forming a light-emitting unit, so that a light-emitting unit set can be structured through connecting two or more than two of the mentioned light-emitting units in series or in series-parallel in the same polarity; with the two ends of each LED being connected in parallel with the voltage-equalizing resistance, the end voltage of each light-emitting unit can be evenly stabilized; and the current-limiting resistance is connected in series between the connection joints of the LED and the voltage-limiting unit for limiting the shunt current passing through the voltage-limiting unit.

Abstract: A lamp is provided that is controlled by messages transmitted via a network. The lamp has an internal memory that stores an address and an internal control circuit that responds to received messages that refer to this address. The address is updated when the lamp is installation in a power supply socket, using for example an address from the first message that is transmitted after installation. The lamp contains a detector that detects disconnection of the lamp from the power supply socket, for example by monitoring a resistance value between two parts of one of the power supply terminals of the lamp. In response to this detection the control circuit of the lamp sets information that enables an update of the address in the memory. When it is detected that the lamp is again connected to a power supply socket the address is updated on condition that the update is enabled.

Abstract: A photoelectronic device having a variable resistor structure includes a photoelectronic element array. The photoelectronic element array electrically connects with the variable resistor structure via a wire structure, wherein at least one resistor of the variable resistor structure is open.

Abstract: An image display apparatus according to the present invention comprises a plurality of electron emitting devices having an electron emitting portion provided between a cathode electrode and a gate electrode; a cathode wiring connected to the cathode electrode; and a gate wiring connected to the gate electrode and having a resistance higher than the resistance of the cathode wiring, wherein an impedance element having a resistance value of Ry and an electrostatic capacitance of Cy is connected to between the cathode wiring and the cathode electrode, a resistive element having a resistance value of Rx is connected to between the gate wiring and the gate electrode, and |Ry/(1+j?RyCy)|<Rx and Ry>Rx are satisfied, where ? is 100 MHz.

Abstract: A light emitting device that provides white light of various color temperatures by using a double-sided light emitting element, a light emitting system comprising the same, and a method of fabricating thereof are provided. The light emitting device includes a double-sided light emitting element including a first light emitting element on one side of a substrate and emits light having a first wavelength and a second light emitting element on the other side of the substrate and emits light having a second wavelength, wherein the first wavelength and the second wavelength are different each other, a first variable resistor coupled to the first light emitting element and adjusting a first driving power applied to the first light emitting element, and a second variable resistor coupled to the second light emitting element and adjusting a second driving power applied to the second light emitting element.

Abstract: To achieve the foregoing objects and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, the metal halide lamp of this invention comprises a vitreous arc tube containing an ionizable medium and having electrodes sealed into opposed ends of the arc tube. An outer envelope encloses the arc tube and includes one end accommodating inleads sealed therethrough. A base is attached to the outer envelope having input terminals, the input terminals being connected to the inleads which in turn are connected to the tungsten electrodes. A mount is provided to support the arc tube within the outer envelope. The ionizable medium will include mercury, a metal halide, and an inert gas selected from the group consisting of argon, krypton, and xenon and mixtures thereof. In addition, a starting circuit having an open circuit voltage of at least 200 volts RMS will be provided. The inert gas having a pressure of at least about 70 torr.

Abstract: A circuit for complementing the AC mains supply voltage, particularly for resistive loads, comprising a rectifier inserted between an AC power source and a resistive load and adapted to prevent the reverse flow of a processed portion of the AC supply voltage towards the AC power source, and one or more capacitors arranged ahead of the resistive load; the circuit has the particularity that the values of the one or more capacitors are chosen, according to table 2, low enough to maintain the AC nature of the AC voltage and to complement, during discharge towards the resistive load, the AC supply voltage until a desired value thereof is reached.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp having a thick film resistor comprising a plurality of resistive elements. A first resistive element is included in a starting circuit for the lamp and a second resistive element is in series with the arc tube during lamp operation for flicker elimination. The integral thick film resistor facilitates mounting and connection of the resistor elements within the lamp envelope. Favorably, the resistor substrate has a surface emissivity of greater than about 0.5, and preferably greater than about 0.9, to provide sufficient radiation cooling within an evacuated outer lamp envelope to prevent resistor failure while keeping the size of the resistor small enough for use as a component in an HID lamp. Additionally, a suitable coating of low vapor pressure thickness covers the solder connecting the metallic resistor terminals to the substrate to prevent evaporation of the solder and its deposition on the inner surface of the outer lamp envelope.

Abstract: A high intensity discharge (HID) lamp includes a resistive fuse for overcurrent protection of its associated ballast, which fuse is connected electrically in series with the discharge vessel of the lamp and continuously dissipates power during lamp operation. The resistive fuse is heated by passage of the operating current through the discharge vessel during lamp operation to a temperature substantially controlled by the operating current. In response to an increase in the operating current to a predetermined overcurrent, the resistive fuse reaches a temperature such that it breaks and disconnects the discharge vessel from its source of electric potential within a predetermined time period. The fuse passes short-term high starting currents and does not disconnect the discharge vessel during each lamp start-up at least until the operating current reaches the predetermined over-current during lamp life.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp having a thick film resistor comprising a plurality of resistive elements. A first resistive element is included in a starting circuit for the lamp and a second resistive element is in series with the arc tube during lamp operation for flicker elimination. The integral thick film resistor facilitates mounting and connection of the resistor elements within the lamp envelope.

Abstract: The assembly comprises a light-emitting diode (28) and associated circuit components (38, R1-R4) mounted on a printed circuit board (26) all mounted within a housing (10) formed with securement means such as a screw thread (14) for mounting the assembly in a panel (18) with the led (28) visible from the opposite side of the panel. The circuit components form means for converting a mains voltage at input leads (30) to a low voltage for driving the led, preferably in the form of an i.c. rectifier bridge (38) and a plurality of volgage-dropping resistors (R1-R4).

Abstract: A lamp assembly includes a sealed lamp envelope enclosing a filament, a lamp base affixed to the lamp envelope and including a connector, and an automatic light control circuit located in the lamp base and electrically connected between the connector and the filament. The light control circuit includes a photosensor for controlling the power delivered to the filament in response to a sensed ambient light level. Preferably, the lamp base includes a cup-shaped portion affixed to the connector, and the light control circuit is mounted in the cup-shaped portion on a circuit board. The photosensor is mounted in a hole in a sidewall of the cup-shaped portion. The lamp assembly can be installed and operated in a conventional lamp socket.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp unit adapted for use in an incandescent lamp socket includes a tube, a cap member having a base wall in which the tube is fixed, and a ballast housing having a primary cavity which is substantially defined by a circumferential wall and closed toward the cap member to create a secondary cavity which thermally isolates the tube from the ballast. The housing further includes a partition which isolates conduits for the wire leads from the primary cavity and each other, whereby uninsulated leads may be used. A potted ballast completely fills the primary cavity to improve heat dissipation through the circumferential wall.

Abstract: A resistor assembly built into an electron tube, comprising a resistor element having at least one hole, an inner connector fitted in the hole, and an outer connector which formed integrally with the inner connector, or fixed thereto. The inner connector is electrically connected to the resistor element. The outer connector is secured and electrically connected to a part in the electron tube, whereby the resistor element is electrically connected to said part.

Abstract: A high efficiency pulsed ultraviolet light source is provided which comprises a flashlamp containing a noble gas, for example xenon, at low pressure, and having a pair of electrodes between which a discharge through the gas may be impressed, and an electrical pulse forming circuit connected to the flashlamp comprising a lamp resistance and high voltage source connected in series with the lamp, and a capacitor and switch connected in parallel to the lamp, the capacitor and resistance selected to minimize the total inductance of the circuit and to maximize the voltage stress on the gas contained within the lamp.

Abstract: An interface control circuit for use with a standard three-way, four-switch-position lamp socket to allow a fluorescent lamp-electronic ballast combination to be controlled to provide a selected one of four light output levels, utilizes a three-input, full-wave bridge rectifier to provide ballast/lamp operating potential and gating elements and associated level-setting circuitry to provide at least one D.C. voltage output having an amplitude dependent upon the set position of the socket switch and utilized to control the ballast to set the light output of the associated lamp to a selected one of three different levels when the ballast/lamp combination is energized.

Abstract: An integrally connected fluorescent lamp and ballast unit having an elongated ballast of wire wound around and along an elongated magnetizable core and extending alongside an elongated lamp bulb. The elongated lamp and ballast can be straight, or can be curved. The ballast provides a combined resistive and inductive ballasting impedance for the lamp.

Abstract: Mixed light lamps require a complicated construction so as to be able to suspend the filament and the discharge lamp. In a mixed light lamp according to the invention a bipartite filament of coiled-coil wire is used, the parts of which are each stretched between one pole wire and a current supply conductor of the discharge lamp.

Abstract: An improved internal voltage divider for use in a television cathode ray tube is disclosed that provides one or more temperature-invariant voltages. The tube is subject to internal spatial temperature patterns fixed or varying with time which are incidental to tube warm-up and operation. The voltage divider according to the invention is comprised of at least two electrically series connected resistive sections having like temperature coefficients, and having resistive values of the same order of magnitude. Each section is so positioned and arranged relative to the aforesaid temperature patterns as to have similar average temperature experiences. The voltage divider is connected between a relatively high anode voltage and a suitable low-voltage terminal for receiving a relatively low voltage through the base of the tube. Means are provided for tapping off at least one temperature-invariant intermediate voltage.

Abstract: A hollow cylindrical member composed of a high-voltage potting material is secured adjacent the photocathode to the high-voltage potting material encircling the image-tube. The hollow member is concentric with the axis of the tube and extends away from the photocathode. A plurality of equally spaced metallic discs are embedded in the potting material of the corona-shield interconnected by a plurality of resistors. A high-voltage is coupled to one of the metallic discs adjacent the photocathode and a ground is coupled to another of the metallic discs most remote from the photocathode.

Abstract: A discharge device for igniting a fuel-air mixture whereby fuel droplets in the mixture are electrically charged and, under the influence of an electric field, caused to congregate at a region thereby concentrating the mixture at said region, means being provided to create an arc at said region. A device of more general use is also disclosed.

Abstract: A solid state amplifier includes at least one junction field effect transistor and an impedance network coupled between a signal input terminal of the amplifier and a gate terminal of the transistor. The network includes a p-n junction device having a region of conductivity opposite to that of the gate of the transistor coupled to the gate terminal, the p-n junction being shunted by a resistor coupled in parallel therewith. The network minimizes signal distortion which would otherwise be introduced to the signal output of the amplifier when an inductive load is present in the output circuit of the amplifier.