Abstract: A lead-free green ceramic body useful after firing as an electrical resistor, and a method for producing such a resistor, are disclosed. The method preferably comprises the steps of preparing a uniform, finely-divided mixture by blending, by weight, substantially 69 percent of a glass frit with substantially 8 percent of AlPO.sub.4, substantially 3 percent of conductive carbon and substantially 20 percent of a phenyl lower alkyl silicone resin which is curable to form a temporary binder for the conductive carbon and the glass frit. One preferred frit consists essentially of substantially 43 percent SiO.sub.2, 20 percent B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 21 percent Na.sub.2 O, 3 percent CaO, 8 percent BaO and 5 percent Li.sub.2 O. A shape is then pressed from the mixture; the shape is heated to 450-550 degrees F. for about 30 minutes and cooled to ambient temperature. Silver paint is then applied to the cooled shape and the painted shape is fired to vitrify the frit of the resistor.

Abstract: Low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp having a discharge vessel (1, 2, 3) which contains with mercury and a rare gas and is of such a shape that the ends of the discharge vessel where the electrodes (4, 5) are arranged are in a side-by-side relationship, these ends being connected to a lamp base (8) which has an axially projecting sleeve-shaped wall portion (12) of a cross-section which deviates from the circular and in which at least a starter (13) is included, a respective connecting pin (10, 11) which is shorter than the length of the projecting wall portion being provided on either side of the said projecting wall portion.The projecting portion serves as a locating guide when inserting the lamp base in a holder (15), thereby inter alia preventing damage to the pins, and also serves as a housing for a starter switch (13) and a capacitor (14).

Abstract: A compact fluorescent lamp having a chassis member, a screw base screwed to the chassis member, a base member secured to the chassis member, a winding envelope having bent part and both ends oriented to the same direction, a ballast surrounded by the winding envelope and a globe member attached to the base member. The ballast is disposed between the bent part and the ends of the winding envelope so as to provide the winding envelope with a desirable coolest wall temperature.

Abstract: A circular fluorescent lamp unit comprises a circular tubular fluorescent mp; a housing secured inside the space formed by the circular fluorescent lamp, the housing containing the ballast and starting device; and a base for connection to a supply voltage, the base being connected to the housing concentrically with the circular fluorescent lamp. The improvement resides in that the housing is an elongate hollow body which extends diametrically across the space defined by the circular fluorescent lamp; the housing having one end for enclosing the ends of the circular fluorescent lamp and another end for taking support against the wall of the circular fluorescent lamp which is diametrically opposite to the ends of the circular fluorescent lamp. In a preferred embodiment, the housing comprises two interconnected form locking housing cup-shaped members.

Abstract: A lamp consists of a high voltage power supply 5 mounted on an evacuated envelope 1. The lamp glows when electrons from a cathode 2 strike a phospher coating 4 on the inside surface of the envelope. The lamp is mounted so that it can be separated from the power supply and provision is made to inhibit the generation of the very high anode potential by the power supply unless it is correctly mounted on the envelope.

Abstract: An improved fuse means for use within an electric incandescent lamp (e.g., tungsten halogen). The fuse is located within a ceramic base to which the press-sealed end of the envelope is affixed (e.g., cemented). The improved fuse means comprises a first conductive (e.g., nickel) wire segment of rectangular cross-sectional configuration and a second conductive (e.g., nickel) sleeve member crimped about an end portion of the first wire segment and including a flat region which in turn is fixedly secured (e.g., welded) to one of the lead-in wires projecting from the lamp's press-sealed end portion. In an alternative embodiment, a second sleeve member and conductive wire segment is utilized.

Abstract: A pressure-sensitive ignition plug capable of sensing the internal pressure of a cylinder of an internal combustion engine and transmitting accommodated signal corresponding to the internal pressure. The pressure-sensitive ignition plug has a pressure-sensitive unit having an annular form and mounted in an annular space formed between an insulator assembly embracing a central electrode and a metallic plug body which supports the insulator assembly. The pressure sensing unit has an upwardly projected signal terminal through which an amplifier unit for amplifying the signal from the pressure sensing unit is detachably connected to the latter. The amplifier unit is embedded in a rubber sheath covering the upper half part of the ignition plug or, alternatively, formed in an annular shape and accomodated by a metallic case having a central through bore, the metallic case being adapted to make a snap fit to a hexagonal portion of the plug body from the upper side of the latter.

Abstract: A screw-in fluorescent light unit having two light levels, for use in a 3-way socket. A reactor ballasts the lamp for high light output, and a positive temperature coefficient resistor (thermistor) is added to ballast the lamp for low light output and to facilitate lamp starting at the low light output. The light-level sequence is off-high-low-high-off.

Abstract: An interface control circuit for use with a standard three-way, four-switch-position lamp socket to allow a fluorescent lamp-electronic ballast combination to be controlled to provide a selected one of four light output levels, utilizes a three-input, full-wave bridge rectifier to provide ballast/lamp operating potential and gating elements and associated level-setting circuitry to provide at least one D.C. voltage output having an amplitude dependent upon the set position of the socket switch and utilized to control the ballast to set the light output of the associated lamp to a selected one of three different levels when the ballast/lamp combination is energized.

Abstract: Low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp comprising a, preferably folded, discharge tube located within a lamp envelope and having electrodes and an electric stabilization ballast, which is partly surrounded by a thin-walled lamp base, which is connected to the envelope.In the region of the connection between the lamp base and the lamp envelope there is a metal plate for cooling the ballast, this heat sink being at the same time a mounting plate for further components in the lamp such as a starter switch.

Abstract: An ornamental lamp which includes a light transmitting envelope containing a fluid such as an inert gas or air and at least one electrode disposed within or without said envelope and applying high voltage at a high frequency to said electrode to ionize the fluid to produce ornamental displays and varying the characteristics of the displays by changing the magnitude of the voltage, the frequency and wave form through modulation and a power supply for operating said lamp utilizing a transformer having a high voltage secondary and two low voltage primaries with said primaries being connected to said amplifier to produce a positive feedback signal to cause oscillation thereof and filter means for effecting modulation of the feedback signal.

Abstract: Narrow pulse modulation (less than four nanoseconds) of millimeter wave ts will enable radar systems to achieve improved pattern recognition. The modulator has an outer cylindrical return shield surrounding a tetrode thyratron. An inner cylindrical shield connected to the anode provides capacitive energy storage for generating the output pulse when the control grid is triggered. The anode is connected via only a resistance to the direct current supply.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp device formed of an outer tube containing a fluorescent lamp therein, a connection tube connected to one end of the outer tube, a cap containing a glow starter and a condenser therein connected to the other end of the outer tube, and a base member connected to the connection tube. The base member contains a ballast member mainly formed of a thermistor and a thermal adjustment member having an integrally formed contacting member for making electrical connection with a base pin of the fluorescent lamp. The thermal adjustment member and the thermistor are in direct electrical and mechanical engagement such that the thermal adjustment member conducts heat from the thermistor to the thermal adjustment member.

Abstract: A solid-state electronic ballast circuit for supplying direct-current power to an electric discharge vapor lamp is disclosed. The source-drain channel of a Vertical Metal Oxide Semiconductor (VMOS) Field Effect Transistor (FET) is connected in parallel with a fixed ballast resistor, the parallel combination being connected in series with the lamp across a DC source. A resistance network controls the conductivity of a bipolar transistor, which in turn controls the conductivity of the VMOS channel, in response to variations in both lamp voltage and current. The ballast circuit may be manufactured as a part of the lamp bulb assembly, the ballast resistor taking the form of an incandescent lamp filament mounted in the same outer bulb with the vapor lamp arc tube. A variable resistance may be employed to manually adjust the level of illumination delivered by the lamp, or a light-sensitive phototransistor may be employed to deliver constant illumination.

Abstract: A lamp assembly includes a lamp and a lamp package. The lamp includes a light-emitting portion with a flange at its base and electrically conducting leads extending from the base. The flange has a flat portion. The lamp package includes a cylindrical housing and a cylindrical cover. The housing has a base and a side wall, the base having holes for the electrical leads to pass therethrough, the bore in the housing being ssmaller than the flange of the lamp. A portion of the side wall of the housing has a flat key for engaging the flat portion of the flange. The cover has a side wall and an inwardly extending flange such that when the cover is slid over the lamp and the housing, the inwardly extending flange engages the outwardly extending flange of the lamp thereby holding it in place against the top of the housing and against the flat key of the housing.

Abstract: A screw-in fluorescent light unit having high and low light levels, for use in a 3-way socket. A reactor ballasts the lamp for high light output, and a variable dimming circuit is added to ballast the lamp for variable low light output.

Abstract: A screw-in fluorescent light unit having two light levels, for use in a 3-way socket. A reactor ballasts the lamp for high light output, and a resistor is added to ballast the lamp for low light output. A bilateral switch device is connected across the resistor to facilitate lamp starting at the low light output.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lamp unit provided with a mercury vapor discharge tube and a stabilization ballast which forms one mechanical whole therewith. This lamp unit is provided with a lamp base of a type which is customary for incandescent lamps.In accordance with the invention the discharge tube is a low-pressure discharge tube having a relatively high arc voltage. This results in a lamp unit whose ballast portion is small.

Abstract: A cathodoluminescent lamp for use for general lighting service includes an anode constituted by an electrically conducting coating, which may be partly internally reflective, on the interior surface of the bulb wall, a phosphor coating over the whole of the bulb wall interior, a dome-shaped metal mesh grid located near the junction of the bulb with the envelope neck and supported on a hollow metal cylinder, and an electron emissive cathode mounted within the grid/cylinder assembly. The cathode may be a "wreath" filament or indirectly heated disc located near the grid, or a linear filament located near the open end of the cylinder remote from the grid. In the latter case a metal disc, connected to the negative lead to the cathode, is located near the open end of the cylinder, to repel electrons emerging therefrom. A circuit, which may be incorporated in the lampholder, converts the supply to unidirectional operating voltages applied to the anode, grid and cathode.

Abstract: A compact fluorescent lamp unit for use with a three-way incandescent-type lamp fixture. The compact fluorescent lamp unit includes a compact fluorescent discharge device of predetermined configuration, a ballast inductor and two capacitors, and housing and support means for supporting the discharge device and housing the ballast inductor. When the switch of the incandescent-type lamp fixture is switched the compact fluorescent discharge device is switched, successively, from a deenergized state; to a low-light output state; to a medium-light output state; and, finally, to a high-light output state.

Abstract: A resistor spark plug having, between a terminal screw and a center electrode, electrical conductive glass seals and a resistor glass seal therebetween, said electrical conductive glass seals containing carbon, one or more metals and glass and said resistor glass seal containing carbon, silicon carbide, glass, boron carbide or titanium carbide, and if desired a filler, has a small voltage coefficient of resistance and stable properties and is effective for reducing noise from an ignition system.

Abstract: A D.C. gaseous discharge display panel operated in a storage mode uses a layer of resistive material over the cathodes of the display. In addition to protecting the electrodes from ion bombardment induced sputtering during discharge, the material provides a resistance to each discharge cell, provides isolation between individual cathodes by reducing discharge spreading along the cathode conductors and prevents surface charge building during panel operation. By utilizing a combination of metal and insulator in the resistance layer, the D.C. discharge can be sustained at lower operating voltage, permitting a reduction in the power requirements of the panel.

Abstract: A device and a method for reducing power consumption and correspondingly reducing lumen output of a phosphor excitable lamp, such as a fluorescent lamp, connected to a source of power for operation of the same, without any appreciable loss of operating efficiency. A capacitive element is electrically connectable to one terminal of the phosphor excitable lamp and is effectively electrically interposed between the lamp and the source of power in a series connection. The capacitive element is selected with a capacitive value so that the lumen output is reduced but with substantially uniform lumen output at the reduced level and the power consumption is reduced without substantially changing the voltage to the lamp and without any appreciable effects on the efficiency of operation of the lamp or the source of power.

Abstract: A circular fluorescent lamp unit having a compact central hub containing a ballast reactor and provided with a screw base. A replaceable circular lamp assembly is positioned around and attached to the hub.

Abstract: An integrally connected fluorescent lamp and ballast unit having an elongated ballast of wire wound around and along an elongated magnetizable core and extending alongside an elongated lamp bulb. The elongated lamp and ballast can be straight, or can be curved. The ballast provides a combined resistive and inductive ballasting impedance for the lamp.

Abstract: A spark plug for an internal combustion engine; the plug including a pair of electrodes spaced alongside each other, and extending through an insulator fitted in a metal casing that is threaded, so as to be screwed into the engine, each electrode being intercepted by a solid state H.V. time delay device, which, in one example thereof, may comprise a high voltage diode, and, in another example, may comprise a solid state semi-conductor or the like.

Abstract: The cathodes in a D.C. gas discharge panel are isolated from the gas by a layer of refractory material doped with a noble metal. The doping is sufficient to prevent the build-up of a surface wall charge on the layer during D.C. operation of the panel.

Abstract: A lightweight starting and operating ballasting means for starting and operating a fluorescent lamp means from a household source of AC energy. The ballasting means has elements which perform with the lamp means in a starting mode and an operating mode. In the operating mode with a low-pressure mercury discharge existing between the lamp electrodes, the lamp means is ballasted solely by a series-connected resistor means and capacitor means.

Abstract: Composite base member for operatively retaining a compact, single-ended fluorescent lamp which has an elongated but retroflexed or curved envelope. The base member has a hollow body with a mounting means which divides the hollow body into two sections. A ballast inductor is mounted on one side of the mounting means and a ballast capacitor is mounted on the other side of the mounting means so that the two components are separated, with the ambient atmosphere facilitating ballast component cooling. The mounting means also has the lamp mounted thereon. The composite base member is compact and relatively light and the ballast components operate in series circuit as a lead-type ballast, with the efficiency of operation being good.

Abstract: A hub for a circular fluorescent lamp unit, containing a ballast reactor and provided with a screw base. The hub housing comprises two housing members fitted together at their rims by means of a ridge on one member and a groove in the other member. An outwardly extending flange is provided on one of the housing members at the rim thereof, for seating a circular light assembly positioned around the hub.

Abstract: An integral fluorescent lamp-ballast unit comprises a fluorescent lamp fastened to an end cap at one end and a housing at the other end. An elongated support member extends between the end cap and the housing, is fastened to both, and serves as a backing for the lamp. The ballast comprises a choke and a preheat starter which are disposed in the end cap and/or housing.

Abstract: A compact fluorescent lamp comprises a substantially cylindrical, tapered envelope with a correspondingly tapered partition disposed within the envelope so as to define a folded discharge path having a length approximately twice the length of the envelope. The taper of the partition and envelope permit easy assembly of the lamp with minimal disturbance of a prior applied phosphor coating. In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the partition is formed using shaping wedges applied to a partially molten glass bulb so as to produce a seamed partition extending almost to the closed end of the bulb. The partition in the lamps of the present invention sealably separate one discharge path portion from another.

Abstract: A compact fluorescent lamp with a screw-in plug to fit conventional screw sockets which operates at 20-30 watts and provides the lumen output of a 75-100 watt lamp. The lamp is essentially a hollow cylinder with a glass envelope for the two outer walls. The space between the two outer walls is partitioned to constrain the arc discharge to follow a zigzag path around the surface of the lamp. The design parameters are such that the lumen output per square inch of phosphor is greater than from conventional tubular fluorescents. Efficiency is promoted by novel ballast design. The ballast fits into the hollow center of the lamp. The ballast is constructed of special shape to spread the arc within the evacuated glass envelope, thus reducing the current density and the total current, but maintaining the lumen output of the phosphor.

Abstract: A high pressure sodium vapor lamp having an elongated light-transmitting refractory arc tube with closure members sealing each end of the arc tube. An elongated hollow refractory metal member of predetermined length and surface area projects from the arc tube and is sealed through one of the closure members. The interior of the hollow metal member opens into the interior of the arc tube and the projecting end of the hollow metal member is sealed. During the operation of the lamp, the hollow metal member acts as a condensing repository for excess discharge sustaining filling which is not vaporized since the coolest spot of the hollow metal member is at a temperature less than the arc tube. The hollow metal member is provided on the outer surface with a radiation-emissive and electrical-insulating means, and a resistive-heater member is affixed to the exterior of the hollow metal member and in thermal contact with the radiation-emissive and electrical-insulating means.

Abstract: High-intensity-discharge sodium lamp incorporates as a starting gas xenon at a pressure between 50 and 300 torrs, in order to improve the lamp efficiency and the spectral power distribution of the discharge. To facilitate lamp starting on a conventional pulse-type starting circuit, a trigger electrode is wrapped about the exterior of the arc tube proximate one of the lamp electrodes, with the potential applied to the trigger electrode during lamp starting being the same as that which is applied to the other or more remote lamp electrode. The starting pulse applied between the trigger electrode and the proximate lamp electrode initiates the lamp discharge. The trigger electrode also extends along the outer surface of the arc tube contiguous therewith toward the other electrode and the discharge, once initiated, progresses toward the other electrode.

Abstract: A resistor composition for use in producing a resistor used in a spark plug comprising(1) 100 parts by weight of(a) a glass; and(b) an inorganic filler;with the glass (a) being present in a proportion of about 30 to about 70% by weight and the inorganic filler (b) being present in a proportion of about 70% to about 30% by weight;and wherein at least about 0.1% by weight of the inorganic filler (b) is replaced by at least one non-oxide compound;(2) about 0.5 to about 7 parts by weight of carbon; and(3) 0 to about 20 parts by weight of at least one of a metal oxide, a transition metal carbide, SiC having a low electrical resistivity and B.sub.4 C.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp has an extension base at one end thereof which contains an impedance to reduce current flow through the lamp. The length of the lamp plus extension base equals the length of a standard fluorescent lamp.

Abstract: A location- or positionally-sensitive proportional counter tube of high resolution having a trough-shaped cathode in a counting chamber. A resiliently elastic wire forming the anode extends longitudinally through the counting chamber. Suitable fastening arrangements engage the ends of the wire so as to mount the wire equidistantly from the side walls of the cathode trough and in electrical communication with the input resistor of a preamplifier. The counting chamber is an openable high-pressure chamber with inlet and outlet apertures for a pressurized counter tube gas.

Abstract: A spark plug is disclosed which is used for an internal combustion engine such as an automobile. The spark plug has a carbonaceous resistance sandwiched between its spark rod electrode and its terminal rod in the central through hole of an elongated hollow cylindrical ceramic insulator. The spark electrode is made of a heat and spark resisting semiconductive resistance material, is sealed integrally with the carbonaceous resistance in the central through hole of the insulator, and produces a spark discharge between a grounded electrode spaced therefrom by a predetermined gap. The spark plug of the above-mentioned construction enables the intensity of a noise wave produced upon the spark discharge to be suppressed to the lowest possible level.

Abstract: A spark plug cap is provided for use on a spark plug of an internal combustion engine to intensify sparking across the gap between central and ground electrodes of the plug. The spark plug cap includes a cap body which comprises upper and lower insulating body sections detachably interconnected together. The upper body section is provided with a terminal head adapted to be connected to an ignition current supply cord, while the lower body section with a connector socket for mechanically connecting the cap to the spark plug. A conductor rod extend through the cap body to electrically connect the terminal head with the center electrode of the spark plug. At least one capacitor unit is supported within the cap body and connected in parallel to the spark gap between the plug electrodes. The capacitor unit includes a cylindrical dielectric and a pair of electrodes positioned on the opposite end faces of the cylindrical dielectric.

Abstract: A metal vapor discharge lamp includes a discharge tube with main electrodes at each end. A starting electrode extends around at least an axial portion of the tube intermediate the main electrodes, one main electrode is connected to the starting electrode by a first resistance and the other main electrode is connected to the other electrode by a second resistance. At least one of the resistances has a temperature dependent characteristic which is substantially more positive than the other resistance.

Abstract: A hollow cylindrical member composed of a high-voltage potting material is secured adjacent the photocathode to the high-voltage potting material encircling the image-tube. The hollow member is concentric with the axis of the tube and extends away from the photocathode. A plurality of equally spaced metallic discs are embedded in the potting material of the corona-shield interconnected by a plurality of resistors. A high-voltage is coupled to one of the metallic discs adjacent the photocathode and a ground is coupled to another of the metallic discs most remote from the photocathode.

Abstract: In one preferred form of calculators, a multi-digit fluorescent display tube and an LSI semiconductor chip together are disposed on a printed circuit flexible film. More particularly, individual components of the multi-digit fluorescent display tube (that is, segmented anode electrodes, grid or accelerator electrodes and a directly heated type filament) and the LSI semiconductor chip are housed within a common package which in turn is disposed directly on the printed circuit flexible film. Connection between the fluorescent display tube and the LSI chip is accomplished by conductor leaves carried on the printed circuit flexible film. In addition, the printed circuit flexible film carries a plurality of stationary key contacts which constitute the keyboard of the calculators.

Abstract: An area beam of electrons capable of delivering large doses of electron irradiation at small dose rates and having a predetermined distribution pattern is provided by an electron accelerator comprising plural discrete cathodes positioned as required to achieve the desired pattern. An individual emission control is provided for the filament of each cathode. In a preferred embodiment plural cathodes are movably mounted in a row extending transversely of the transport path of material to be irradiated, a plurality of such rows being positioned along the direction of transport.

Abstract: A flat discharge display panel has a transparent face plate made of an electrically insulating material, a base or substrate made of an electrically insulating material, an intermediate insulating plate interposed between the face plate and the base or substrate, a plurality of major discharge cells defined between the face plate and the intermediate insulating plate, a plurality of anodes each disposed in each of the major discharge cells, a plurality of auxiliary discharge cells defined between the intermediate insulating plate and the base or substrate, a plurality of cathodes each disposed in each of the auxiliary discharge cells, a plurality of of auxiliary anodes each disposed in each of the auxiliary discharge cells, the paired main and auxiliary discharge cells being intercommunicated through a through hole formed through the intermediate insulating plate, and the paired major and auxiliary discharge cells constituting a gas discharge cell, whereby the positive columns produced in each gas discharge c

Abstract: A spark plug having an internal auxiliary spark gap in series with an ignition noise suppressor in a center electrode is disclosed. One side of the series gap is formed by a conductive ball which also supports the suppressor.

Abstract: A discharge device for igniting a fuel-air mixture whereby fuel droplets in the mixture are electrically charged and, under the influence of an electric field, caused to congregate at a region thereby concentrating the mixture at said region, means being provided to create an arc at said region. A device of more general use is also disclosed.

Abstract: A spark plug having multiple air gaps is described. The multiple gaps are defined by at least three electrode members defining at least two air gaps. A first electrode member is communicated to a ground potential while a second electrode member, the electrode member which is maximally spaced apart from the first electrode member, is communicated to a source of high voltage potential. The remaining electrode members are positioned intermediate the first and second electrode members and are arranged to be coupled by high resistance electrical means to either the ground or the high voltage potential. In a preferred embodiment, the high resistance means comprise a ladder type resistance network embedded within the ceramic body of the spark plug and electrically interconnecting the intermediate electrode members and the electrical connecting cap of the spark plug device. The air gaps so formed are broken down in sequence and share in the dissipation of the stored energy.

Abstract: A resistor built-in spark plug comprising an insulator formed therein with an axially extending bore, a terminal nut fitted in an upper end portion of the bore, a center electrode fitted in a lower end portion of the bore, a resistor arranged in a central portion of the bore, one copper-glass electrode interposed between the resistor and the terminal nut, and another copper-glass electrode interposed between the resistor and the center electrode, such resistor being made by firing (calcining) and solidifying a resistor powder mixture consisting of 30 to 10 volume % of a principal resistor component containing tin oxide, 35 to 85 volume % of insulating ceramic filler powder of a higher electric resistivity than the principal resistor component which is selected from the group consisting of quartz glass, alumina, zircon, zirconia, silica (SiO.sub.2) and .beta.-spodumene, and 35 to 5 volume % of glass powder having a softening temperature in a range between 300.degree. and 600.degree. C.

Abstract: There is provided in combination with a rapid-start series-sequence type ballast for two low-pressure mercury discharge lamps, apparatus for reducing the power consumption of both lamps. The apparatus utilizes switch means in conjunction with a capacitor to limit the current supply to the lamps after the lamps are energized. The switch means has two members in series circuit arrangement with one of the electrodes of one of the lamps. Each member is connected on opposite sides of the electrode. The capacitor is connected in parallel circuit arrangement with one of the members. Initially upon energization the switch means has a low impedance state to permit current flow and then switches to a high impedance state. The switch means permits preheating of the electrode and thereafter upon response to current flow switches and causes the lamp current to pass through the capacitor and thereby decrease by a predetermined amount the current through the normally operating lamps.