Abstract: The invention is a method for positioning a conveying mechanism having a holding portion for semiconductor wafers. Respective provisional position coordinates of an orienting teaching standard position and a container teaching standard positions are inputted into a controlling unit in advance. A wafer to be conveyed precisely positioned with respect to and held by the holding portion is conveyed and placed on the rotating orienting device according a control based on the provisional coordinates of the orienting teaching standard position. A posture detector then detects the eccentric volume and eccentric direction of the wafer. Appropriate position coordinates are made by amending the provisional coordinates. Then, a wafer to be conveyed precisely positioned with respect to the container teaching standard position is conveyed and placed on the rotating orienting device according a control based on the provisional coordinates of the orienting teaching standard position.

Abstract: A robot which incorporates a body, two arms, two legs, several sensors, an audio system, a light assembly, and a video device. The sensors located throughout the body of the robot combined with an edge detection sensor allows the robot to interact with objects in the room, and prevents the robot from traveling off an edge or bumping into obstacles. The audio system allows the robot to detect and transmit sounds. The video device allows a user to remotely view the area in front of the robot. Additionally, the robot may operate in a plurality of modes which allow the robot to operate autonomously. The robot may operate autonomously in an automatic mode, a security mode, a greet mode, and a monitor mode. Further, the robot can be manipulated remotely.

Abstract: A numerical controlling device and a tooling apparatus having thereof, in which performance required for the machining is greatly improved correspondingly to a degree of importance according to a type of the machining and thus high efficiency and high accuracy in the machining can be obtained, by referring a database based on a type of a specified cutting tool and workpiece, and of a machining mode including an operating path of a movement of the cutting tool and workpiece, and by selecting a control parameter which relates to an adequate operating speed and operating position in the entire operating path during machining and non-machining.

Abstract: Motion of a substrate-transporting robot arm is controlled in order to compensate for inaccuracies and deflections encountered during operation. The compensation is effected by synchronizing elevational and planar motions of the robot arm such that the trajectory of the substrate is made coincident with the object axis of the substrate. The substrate may be a semiconductor wafer, an LCD panel or an end effector of the robot arm. The synchronized motion is achieved using a controller issuing control signals to arm actuating means based on synchronization algorithms developed during analytical or experimental robot learning sessions.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a robot control system and a method of controlling the same having an outstanding extensibility, maintainability, and reliability in the system. A main control unit 1 and an auxiliary control unit 2 control a manipulator 4 actuated by a servo motor. The main control unit 1 and the auxiliary control unit 2 are so composed as to make a data communication via communication means 5. In addition, the main control unit 1 is connected to a centralized control unit 3 through communication means 7. The centralized control unit 3 supervises and controls concentrically a plurality of robot control apparatuses connected thereto.

Abstract: A robot control system and method for controlling a robot that performs working on a working path between a specified working start point and a working end point. The robot control system includes an interrupt request signal generating section for generating a signal for requesting change of the working path of the robot, an upper controller for generating an interrupt signal including a specified changed value for changing in real time the working path of the robot in accordance with the interrupt request signal generating section, and a robot controller for controlling in real time the operation of the robot in accordance with the interrupt signal from the upper controller. Thus, the motion of the robot that is working can be changed in real time.

Abstract: An improved, versatile robot control system comprises a general purpose computer with a general purpose operating system in electronic communication with a real-time computer subsystem. The general purpose computer includes a program execution module to selectively start and stop processing of a program of robot instructions and to generate a plurality of robot move commands. The real-time computer subsystem includes a move command data buffer for storing the plurality of move commands, a robot move module linked to the data buffer for sequentially processing the moves and calculating a required position for a robot mechanical joint. The real-time computer subsystem also includes a dynamic control algorithm in software communication with the move module to repeatedly calculate a required actuator activation signal from a robot joint position feedback signal.

Abstract: Provided is a drive-controlling method and apparatus and a robot having the apparatus for precisely detecting a collision of a arm being driven by a robot with obstacles, and for keeping damages of the arm from the collision minimum: storing a route of the arm being driven by the robot in a memory; detecting a collision by comparing a current value of a servo motor which drives the arm and a reference current value; and controlling the robot such that the arm leaves a predetermined distance from the obstacle based on the stored route, backing up the arm along the same route as before the collision.

Abstract: A modular emergency stop device including a switch unit and a control unit. The switch unit includes a switch which converts from a normal state to an emergency state when an emergency stop is necessary and a housing for the switch. The control unit includes a controller which controls a power source for a machine and a housing for the controller. The switch unit's housing and the control unit's housing are adapted to be selectively coupled together and uncoupled from each other. The switch is operably coupled to the controller when the housings are coupled together whereby the controller may appropriately control the machine's power source when the switch is converted to the emergency state. To replace the switch, the switch's housing is uncoupled from the controller's housing to remove the switch unit and a new switch unit is coupled to the controller's housing.

Abstract: A method of teaching a robot a desired operating path and a lead-through teach handle assembly are disclosed. A mounting mechanism mounts the entire handle assembly to an arm of the robot. The handle assembly also includes a handle that is supported by the mounting mechanism. A robot operator utilizes the handle assembly and grasps the handle to apply an external force to move the robot arm, or the operator, without the handle assembly, directly holds a tool connected to the robot arm to apply the external force at the tool. The handle assembly is characterized by a universal joint that interconnects the handle and the mounting mechanism and that accommodates orientation changes of the handle relative to the mounting mechanism that result from translational and rotational movement of the robot arm as the user is teaching the robot. The external force applied at the tool is estimated with either a force sensor disposed on the handle assembly or by monitoring the torque of motors used to move the robot.

Abstract: A robot controller having a function of monitoring abnormality of a robot operation to prevent an accident by stopping supply of energy or operational substance to an operational tool when the operational tool is abnormally stopped. Motion command pulses for a robot motion are obtained by computing operations when a motion statement of the operation program is read out and stored in a shared memory. Motors for driving respective robot axes are driven based on the motion command pulses. When an I/O output command is issued on a signal line to actuate an arc welder, the operation control software demands to set a predetermined waiting time period to a timer. The managing software demands to start a countdown of the timer and informs the operation control software of an elapse of the set waiting time period.

Abstract: A servo system controller which has a sequence controlling section 2 and a servo controlling section 3, employs not only a current position of a servo motor but also other servo control data or a sequencer device as comparison data, and executes a comparing process for compares whether or not respective comparison data are in respective detection ranges to then output respective comparison results, increase and variation of a response time can be prevented until the comparison results are output from the change of the comparison data. A comparing process table memory 14 is provided in the servo controlling section 3, and the comparing process is executed in synchronism with a calculation period of the servo controlling section 3, and a detection signal is output while the comparison data is within a detection range. In a machining apparatus utilizing the servo system controller, a tact time can be reduced without large increase of a cost.

Abstract: A robotic machine includes a machine tool removably supported in a mount for following a programmable path over a workpiece. A calibration pointer includes a housing configured like the tool for being supported in the mount, and a laser is affixed in the housing for emitting a laser beam at the workpiece. In a method of operation, the laser beam is projected from the laser in a focused spot at the workpiece at an offset therefrom. The spot permits accurate programming of the machine without contacting the workpiece.

Abstract: Process for the automatic determination of an optimal movement program of a robot comprising at least one moving member, a motor associated with the moving member and a control unit capable of activating the motor according to a movement program to move the moving member along a trajectory with a predetermined movement parameter. The process comprises the steps of: acquiring data indicating the load state of the motor and the precision of movement of the robot during the execution of a movement program, comparing the information on the load state and on the precision of movement with predetermined limit values, repeatedly executing the movement program while progressively varying the movement parameter until a measured value of the load state and/or of the precision of movement exceeds a corresponding limit value, and storing as the optimal movement program the last movement program which has been executed without exceeding the limit values.

Abstract: A method of determining contact positions of a robot relative to a workpiece in a workspace of the robot. The method utilizes the contact positions to determine a location of the workpiece in the robot workspace. The method also monitors an integral operating parameter within the robot, such as motor torque, to determine the contact positions of the robot relative to the workpiece and to locate the workpiece.

Abstract: A method for cell alignment, identification and calibration of part of a robot tool, preferably a part of the robot tool, is positioned close to a detector, whereupon it is moved repeatedly past the limit of the area of detection of the detector. During the movement, the pose of the robot is registered each time the surface of said robot tool comes into tangential contact with the area of detection, and an over determined system of equations is formed, consisting of a correlation between the registered poses and unknown parameters regarding the detection area of the detector and the location of the robot part in space. An error vector is introduced into the system of equations, which is then solved while minimizing the error vector, preferably in the least square sense, in order to thus identify said unknown parameters and the error vector.

Abstract: In order to register a robot, the operative parts of the robot are placed in a first condition. An image acquiring arrangement carried by the robot is directed towards an item, and the image of that item is acquired and stored. Subsequently the component parts of the robot are moved so that the image acquiring arrangement can acquire a second different image of the item. The process is repeated to acquire data including a plurality of images and, for each image, data concerning the position of the component parts of the robot when the image was acquired.

Abstract: Parameters of a robot is displayed on a display device of an operation terminal in a manner that parameters having been changed and parameters having not been changed of all the parameters are displayed in a distinguished manner such that the background color of the parameters having been changed differs from that of other data.

Abstract: A storage library includes a first robotic mechanism having an energy coupler and a second robotic mechanism having an energy coupler. The storage library further includes tracks disposed adjacent to media object storage cells for enabling access to each of the media object storage cells, and powered rails associated with the tracks for providing energy. The first robotic mechanism is movable toward the second robotic mechanism to enable the energy coupler of the first robotic mechanism to couple with the energy coupler of the second robotic mechanism to transfer energy from the first robotic mechanism to the second robotic mechanism. The energy couplers of the first and second robotic mechanisms couple together to transfer energy from the powered rails to the second robotic mechanism. The energy couplers of the first and second robotic mechanisms couple together to transfer energy between on-board energy sources.

Abstract: An off-line teaching apparatus includes an operation command-receiving device for receiving an operation command inputted via an input/output port from a key input device or a coordinate input device and successively storing the operation command in a buffer; an operation command-reading device for successively reading the operation command stored in the buffer; an operation command-counting device for counting a number of operation commands stored in the buffer; and a confirmation sound-generating device for generating confirmation sound upon receipt of the operation command by the operation command-receiving device when a counted value obtained by the operation command-counting device is not less than a predetermined number. Accordingly, the operator is informed, in real time, of the fact that the system responds to the input of the operation command from the operator. Thus, it is possible to improve the operability of the off-line teaching.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling a robot (1), includes at least three setting devices (2, 3, 4) which can be extended or shortened in the longitudinal direction. Each setting device being directly or indirectly secured in a fixed frame (6) via a first joint (20, 30, 40) so that each setting device is pivotable in all directions in relation to the frame and that each setting device is attached at one end in a movable position head (8) via a second joint (21, 31, 41). Each sensor is provided with a length sensor (LS1, LS2, LS3), said sensors forming a part of control system (S1) for controlling the location (X, Y, Z), wherein the control system cooperates with a feedback control system (R2) arranged to correct the location (X, Y, Z) and feedback control system (R2) operate in accordance with different coordinate systems.

Abstract: A method of generating a robotic process plan for performing a process on a work structure includes a step of receiving input identifying a template corresponding to a plurality of geometric features of the work structure, each geometric feature associated with one or more robotic process elements. The method further includes a step of receiving input associating work structure data with the identified template. The method also includes a step of generating the robotic process plan based on the associated work structure data and the robotic process elements associate with the template.

Abstract: A method for teaching movements to a robot (12) is disclosed. The robot (12) includes a fixture (14) for cooperating with a workpiece (16), at least one sensor (18) for sensing a spatial relationship of the robot fixture (14) relative to the workpiece (16), at least one motor (20), and a microprocessor (22) for controlling motion of the robot (12) relative to the workpiece (16).

Abstract: A method for preventing collisions between robots by causing a first robot to stop or pause so that a second robot may safely pass by or perform a specified operation. Once the second robot has completed its operation then the first robot is allowed to resume operation. Each robot automatically stops when it reaches a certain point in its job. The robots communicate with a central controller which allows the robots to resume operation when the central controller has determined that all of the robots have reached their respective correct positions. This prevents collisions between robots which are operating in the same area, especially those robots operating on the same workpiece. This method works with existing robot welders, does not require modifications to the robots, and does not require expensive spatial analysis computer programs, which may not even be available for the type of processor used in a particular robot.

Abstract: A motor speed controlling method is provided in a motor speed controlling apparatus including a motor for driving the robot, a position controller for controlling position of a motor and a main controller for producing a speed command profile of a smooth curve to control the motor based on a robot operational command input by a user and transmit the produced speed command profile to the position controller. The motor speed controlling method includes a step of producing a speed command profile having an acceleration profile of a smooth curve within a predetermined robot control interval so that a robot can be controlled on a real-time basis. Accordingly, vibration and noise of the motor are reduced and thus a control reliability is enhanced.

Abstract: A DSP of a servo control circuit obtains a movement value of a servomotor for each axis for each position-speed feedback processing cycle in accordance with a move command value for each axis delivered from a main processor with every distribution cycle, and also obtains a position correction value in accordance with pressure information detected by a sensor. The DSP of the servo control circuit carries out position-speed feedback processing with the use of a move command value which is obtained by correcting the movement value with the obtained position correction value, and drives the servomotor.

Abstract: A mobile expert machine that moves along a nominal predefined trajectory. The expert machine should be a substitute for unskilled labor performed at workstations characterized by repetitive activities. An expert machine is defined as a machine that performs a specific task; the knowledge applied to the machine should be used to perform a repetitive task professionally. Predefined trajectory is defined as the actual trajectory that the slave expert machine should follow. The slave expert machine should move along a known predefined trajectory whose parameters have been calculated prior to start-up of the motion. It is assumed that the trajectory is given as function of time and the disturbances are well known. A Master Expert Machine (MEM) is incorporated with sensors for sensing and reading joint motions. It features excellent follow-up attributes and records motion activity in its memory by a process of “machine learning” within the study area.

Abstract: A remote operation system for a robot for facilitating the restoring operation of the robot. In the system, when an abnormal operation or abnormal parameter on a user side is detected, the information of such an abnormality is displayed on the operation terminal of a service staff side and further operation instruction and comments relating to the restoring operation are applied from the service staff side to the operation terminal of the user side and displayed thereon.

Abstract: A method for the direct teaching of automatic machinery systems, comprising a plurality of arms and of corresponding actuators for equilibrating the arms against payloads and displacing them to operative positions, when desired, which comprises the steps of: (a) placing the system in a reference configuration, equilibrating its arms, and memorizing for each arm the reference torque to be produced by the corresponding motor to maintain the arm in its reference position; (b) when it is wished to carry out the teaching, placing the system in the Teach mode; (c) applying an external force to an arm of the system in the direction desired for the purpose of the teaching; (d) for each arm, determining the actual torque required to maintain the arm in its reference position in spite of the application of said operator force; (e) calculating a displacement torque as the difference between said reference and said actual torque; (f) causing the motor to displace the arm in the direction of said displacement torque and b

Abstract: A robot may be taught to perform a task by recording information regarding the positions and attitudes of the joints of the robot body as it performs the task. When this information is subsequently replayed, the robot performs the task in the manner as taught. In particular, the robot may be taught either by an operator situated near the robot body or by an operator situated at a remote location. At the remote location, the robot may be taught by an operator even though the operator cannot see the robot body. More particularly, at the remote location, information regarding the current position and attitude of the joints of the robot body is displayed to the operator, and the operator may adjust this information in order to control the movement of the robot body. As a safety measure, when an operator is located near the robot body, only an operator situated near the robot body can control the robot body.

Abstract: A direct teaching apparatus which allows an operator to perform the direct teaching of a robot in safety. The apparatus includes a force detector and a teaching tool. The tool includes a working tool or handle fixed to the first detector and held by the operator to lead the robot. It also includes a device for computing the position or speed directive based on the force detector data and a motion model. It further includes a device for computing the generation torque of a motor for driving a robot depending on the position or speed directive and a controller to control the generated torque.

Abstract: An assembly for connecting a measuring head to a measuring robot, the assembly having a flange integral with a supporting member of the measuring robot; isostatic supporting elements interposed between the measuring head and the flange; and a rotary ring nut carried by the flange and movable between an angular position permitting insertion of the head, and an angular position locking the head; the ring nut having elastic elements generating a preload on the isostatic supporting elements; and the isostatic supporting elements defining respective switches of an electric circuit forming part of a safety system for detecting shock on the head.