Abstract: Provided is an actuator control apparatus including: an observer configured to estimate a state of a load based on a state equation including at least one modeled load parameter; a controller which outputs a signal for controlling the load; a compensation unit which compensates for the signal output from the controller; and an estimator configured to estimate a change of a load parameter, to decide a gain of the compensation unit based on the estimated change of the load parameter, and to update the modeled load parameter.

Abstract: The electrically operated dispensing appliance comprises two electric motors (1, 26), one of the electric motors (1) acting upon the driving screw (70) through a first gear drive (2) having a greater reduction ratio in order to rotate the driving screw in the advancing direction, and the other one of the electric motors (26) acting upon the driving screw (70) through a second gear drive (27) having a smaller reduction ratio in the other direction in order to retract the driving screw for relieving a dispensing cartridge and in order to turn the driving screw back when the thrust rod(s) (15) are retracted in order to exchange the storage cylinders.

Abstract: An electrically compensated constant speed drive (ECCSD) according to the present invention includes a pair of power transmission paths between the prime mover and a load wherein each power transmission path includes a mechanical differential having a first input coupled to the output of the prime mover and an output coupled to the load. A second input of each of the differentials is coupled to a permanent magnet machine and a power converter interconnects the electrical power windings of the permanent magnet machines. In operation, one of the permanent magnet machines is always operated as a generator while the other permanent magnet is operated as a motor so that power flow through the power converter is unidirectional. The ECCSD of the present invention results in a substantial reduction in the maximum control power and hence efficiency is increased and complexity is reduced.

Abstract: A continuously variable transmissionless drive system providing maximum torque at low speeds. The system is usable in a hybrid vehicle having a prime mover, such as an internal combustion engine, operated at its optimum rpm for efficiency. The prime mover drives a pair of amplidynes which in turn operate a pair of dc motors to produce rotation of the output shaft for driving the wheels of the vehicle via a novel differential drive system which drives the output shafts in which the effective gear ratio may be externally controlled to vary from a very high step down ratio producing very high torque to a one-to-one ratio for driving at a constant speed. Each drive motor is connected to a separate bevel gear in the differential and control of the output shaft speed and torque is obtained by controlling the speed and direction of rotating of the bevel drive gears.