Abstract: A method for operating a charging station for charging a plurality of electric vehicles, in particular electric automobiles, wherein the charging station is connected to an electricity supply grid at a grid connection point in order thereby to be supplied with electrical energy from the electricity supply grid, the grid connection point is arranged on a first grid section of the supply grid and at least one further electrical consumer is connected to at least one second grid section of the supply grid, the first and the second grid section are connected to one another, the at least one further consumer and/or the at least one second grid section are able to be influenced by the charging station, the charging station is controlled such that a grid voltage in at least one of the grid sections is controlled, and/or a power flow at least in the at least one second grid section is controlled.

Abstract: A method for charging a traction energy storage device of an at least partially electrically driven vehicle includes detecting an interruption of a charging process, and determining a parameter which represents a reason for the interruption of the charging process. The method also includes performing at least one of the following measures as a function of the determined parameter: continuing the charging process in an unchanged or changed fashion, and performing a specific signaling process.

Abstract: The application relates to a charging station for electric vehicles, comprising a cable holding device with a cable guided over a first deflection unit and a second deflection unit having two ends for holding two charging cables. The first end of the rope is connected to a first charging cable of the charging station and the further end of the rope is connected to a further charging cable of the charging station. At least one weight element is operatively connected to the rope in such a way that the charging cables in an unused condition of the charging cables are held so that there is a distance between a ground surface and each part of the charging cables.

Abstract: A system and method for managing the provisioning of electricity to an electric vehicle includes identifying an electric vehicle when the electric vehicle connects to a charging point; determining whether the electric vehicle is associated with a smart contract; validating the smart contract associated with the electric vehicle; creating a charging transaction for charging the electric vehicle; and applying the smart contract associated with the electric vehicle against the charging transaction. The electric vehicle electricity contract management system and method may use a consensus system such as a distributed ledger system or blockchain.

Abstract: A charging device, whose input is connected to an electricity point of delivery adapted to provide a maximum electric power and delivering regulated electric power as output, comprises an optimization module configured to construct a charging profile representative of a first charging power, and a regulation module having a first mode of operation wherein it regulates the electric power that is output in order to match it to the first charging power, and a second mode of operation wherein said it regulates the electric power that is output in order to match it to a second charging power, the regulation module being configured to switch from the first mode to the second mode in response to the satisfying of at least one condition defined on the basis of power consumption predictions for the other equipment items and on the basis of measured power consumption data for said other equipment items.

Abstract: The power transmitter (101) providing power to a power receiver (105) comprises a communicator (309) communicating with the power receiver (105) and a negotiator (305) negotiating a guaranteed power level with the power receiver (105) prior to a power transfer phase. The guaranteed power level is a minimum power level guaranteed by the power transmitter (101) throughout the power transfer phase. During the power transfer phase, a determiner (307) dynamically determines an available power level based on the prevailing operating parameters. The available power level is one that can currently be provided but is not guaranteed. The power controller (309) is arranged to, during the power transfer phase, increase the power level above the guaranteed minimum level in response to power control messages, and to reduce the power level regardless of the power control messages in response to a detection that the power level exceeds the available power level.

Abstract: A control apparatus is used for an electric electric vehicle. The electric vehicle charges a storage battery with electric power that is supplied while traveling in a power supply lane that is a travelling road on which contactless power supply is able to be performed. The control apparatus for the electric vehicle includes a charging control unit and a range changing unit. The charging control unit controls charging of a storage battery of an electric vehicle such that a charge amount of the storage battery falls within a target range that is a preset range. The range changing unit changes at least one of an upper limit value and a lower limit value of the target range based on a state of the electric vehicle.

Abstract: A charging cable for an electric car includes an insulating body, a connecting line, and a plug-type connector with contact pins and contact openings. The plug-type connector detachably connects the insulating body to the connecting line via the contact pins and contact openings. Also described is a corresponding charging station.

Abstract: An electric vehicle charging station network includes multiple electric vehicle charging stations belonging to multiple charging station hosts. Each host controls one or more charging stations. A charging station network server provides an interface that allows each of the hosts to define one or more pricing specifications for charging electric vehicles on one or more of their electric vehicle charging stations belonging to that host. The pricing specifications are applied to the charging stations such that a cost of charging electric vehicles using those charging stations is calculated according to the pricing specifications.

Abstract: A method of charging a battery in a vehicle, the method comprising: controlling, by a controller, battery charging from a power source external to the vehicle, charging the battery to a state of charge (SOC), wherein the SOC is based on: cost of electricity, source of electricity, battery health, battery temperature, electrical grid voltage, electrical grid frequency, and/or utility incentives. Generally, the vehicle charges more on good days so it can charge less on bad days, and charges less on bad days so it can charge more on good days.

Abstract: In an abnormality determination system, when a drive signal is input and no shutdown signal for stopping gate drive of switching elements is input, a signal switching section outputs the drive signal to a bridge circuit. When a shutdown signal is input, the signal switching section stops output of the drive signal and activates a shutdown function of an inverter. An abnormality determination section determines an abnormality in the shutdown function. When a power source relay is opened, a control unit drives the bridge circuit to start a discharge process of discharging electric charge from a smoothing capacitor, and activates the shutdown function during execution of the discharge process. When it is determined that a directly or indirectly detected voltage of the smoothing capacitor has dropped during operation of the shutdown function, the abnormality determination section determines that the shutdown function is abnormal.

Abstract: Systems and methods for managing a home electrical network or system, such as managing loads applied to the network by one or more associated electric vehicles, are described. For example, the systems and methods predict or estimate use of a home electrical network (e.g., via a charging station connected to the network) by one or more electric vehicles, and manage use or operation of other devices on the home network accordingly.

Abstract: An electric power supply system includes a battery, an electric power receiving apparatus, a switching apparatus, and a control apparatus. The electric power receiving apparatus is coupled to the battery in parallel with a load, and receives and supplies external electric power to the battery. In a load driving mode, the control apparatus sets an electrical connection state of the electric power supply system to a first connection state in which connection of the electric power receiving apparatus and the load to the battery is cut off by the switching apparatus and controls a voltage of the electric power receiving apparatus depending on a voltage of the battery if output electric power of the electric power receiving apparatus is equal to or less than reference electric power, and otherwise sets the electrical connection state to a second connection state in which the connection is allowed by the switching apparatus.

Abstract: A method for controlling a charging station for charging vehicles in which a first charging unit of the charging station is coupled to a second charging unit of the relevant vehicle for transmitting current. When one of the vehicles is charged, an update operation of the charging station is performed, in which a control assembly of the one vehicle transmits a current software packet to a control device of the charging station.

Abstract: A method for controlling a charging operation of a vehicle at a charging station includes monitoring, modifying, stopping, or terminating the charging operation, independent of an identification device initially used for approval of a charging. The charging is controlled via a control link established via a near-field communication link between a mobile terminal device and a control device of the charging station. The near-field communication link enables a receipt of a termination instruction by the control device for terminating the charging operation.

Abstract: The disclosure involves wireless electric power sharing between vehicles. A first vehicle sends a charging request, wherein the first vehicle is at least partially powered by a first on-board rechargeable electricity storage. The first vehicle receives a response to the charging request from a second vehicle which is at least partially powered by a second on-board rechargeable electricity storage, and a communication channel is established between the first and second vehicles. The first on-board rechargeable electricity storage is charged using energy stored in the second on-board rechargeable electricity storage and wirelessly transferred from the second vehicle to the first vehicle. The charging is controlled with information exchanged between the first and second vehicles over the communication channel.

Abstract: An automatic working system includes a robotic mower automatically moving and mowing in a working area, and a charging station for docking and charging of the robotic mower; the charging station includes: a charging support and a charging contact mounted on the charging support; and the robotic mower includes a housing, and a charging connector disposed on a lateral side of the housing and connected to the charging contact to receive electric energy when the robotic mower is in a docking position where the robotic mower is docked with the charging station. When the robotic mower is in the docking position, the charging support is located on a lateral side of the robotic mower, and the charging station is open in a front and back direction of the robotic mower to form a passage for the robotic mower to enter and exit the charging station approximately along a same direction.

Abstract: An electric vehicle charging control system may include an electric vehicle which extracts current time information, the integrity of which has been verified, by use of a public key cryptography, and charges power from a charging terminal, when it is determined that a charging contact certificate is valid, based on the extracted current time information, a server to transmit the current time information, the integrity of which has been verified using the public key cryptography, to the electric vehicle, and the charging terminal connected to the electric vehicle. The validity of the certificate used in vehicle charging and billing for charging is determined through the power line communication, and the security against the hacking is enhanced in the charging of the electric vehicle.

Abstract: Embodiments discussed herein refer to backwards compatible charging circuits and methods for charging a battery to a relatively high voltage level regardless of whether the charging station is capable of supplying power at that relatively high voltage level. The circuitry and methods according to embodiments discussed herein can use the onboard charging system to provide a voltage boosting path to increase the charge voltage from a legacy voltage level (e.g., a relatively low voltage level) to a native voltage level (e.g., a relatively high voltage level). When a native voltage charging station is charging the battery, the circuitry and methods according to embodiments discussed herein can use a native voltage path for supplying power, received from the charging station at the native voltage, to the battery.

Abstract: A system for inspecting wireless charging of an electric vehicle includes: a wireless charger configured to transmit electric power through a transmission pad disposed on an inspection reference line of a rail; a centering unit configured to align a position of a reception pad on a vertical position of the transmission pad through a driving roller on which the electric vehicle is positioned; and an inspector configured to connect a wireless diagnosing communication, wirelessly charge a high voltage battery, and integrally inspect operation status of at least one of a battery management system (BMS), a battery cooling system, a battery charging system, or a high voltage distribution system during the wireless charging of the high voltage battery by receiving a test information from an electric power control unit (EPCU) of the electric vehicle connected through the wireless diagnosing communication.

Abstract: When energization drive is applied to a connection detection transistor connected with an auxiliary battery, a power-supply opening/closing device is closed through a relaying connection device; a microprocessor in a charge control apparatus starts its operation through a stabilized power source; then, the resistance value of a first resistor is calculated based on respective measurement voltages at related points, which are inputted to a multi-channel A/D converter, so that the type of a charging cable is detected.

Abstract: A fueling system can include an electric vehicle (EV) charging station and a non-charging fueling station for fueling vehicles other than EVs. The EV charging station includes a first control unit, a switching unit, and output connections that can be connected to EVs. The non-charging fueling station includes a second control unit and, for example, a liquid fuel pump. An integrated fuel management system is in communication with the EV charging station and the non-charging fueling station. The switching unit can direct a charging current from an input power supply to an output connection in response to commands from the first control unit that are issued according to a charging procedure. The first control unit can send state information for the EV charging station to the integrated fuel management system. The second control unit can send state information for the non-charging fueling station to the integrated fuel management system.

Abstract: Improvements in a modular electric charging apparatus are disclosed. The modular electric charging apparatus provides a universal base system that can be used to install an electrical power system. The universal base system allows cabinets provided from different manufacturers to be connected by electrical wiring into their unique cabinets. A below grade structure of an open frame structure is used for setting and casting concrete around the open frame. The open frame is set at a level with a desired finished surface with a trench canal and the concrete can be poured into both sides of the open frame. The modular electric charging apparatus also uses a canal that extends from a base of the cabinet. The canal is easily cut to a length or multiple canals can be placed in series for extending the length. Buss bars are set and are secured in an insulated spacer within the canal for use in connecting to a plurality of above ground charging stations.

Abstract: System for coupling electric-powered vehicles to a power source, the system consisting of at least an automatic fold-out and extendable connector on the vehicle which is provided with five electrodes which can extend even further, and a wall socket mounted to a charging station with five contact electrodes which are accessible via five vertical slots and can be used without requiring any handling by the driver or another external person.

Abstract: A vehicle activation system is configured so that when a switch is turned on, current is passed from a backup power supply circuit to a signal circuit and electric power is supplied from the backup power supply circuit to a power supply relay. The vehicle activation system includes an interruption circuit which is capable of interrupting the supply of electric power from the backup power supply circuit to the power supply relay.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrical vehicle charging system for charging an electrical vehicle with DC energy, including a charger configured for delivering the DC energy, a DC charging cable having a first end and a second end, the first end is connected to the charger for receiving a DC voltage and the second end is configured for connecting the electrical vehicle, a DC voltage sensor configured, if a DC current greater zero flows from the charger to the electrical vehicle, for measuring at least a first DC voltage at the first end and for determining a differential DC voltage between the first DC voltage and a second DC voltage measured at the second end, and a DC voltage adjustment device configured for raising the DC voltage to compensate the differential DC voltage.

Abstract: Charging device of hybrid or electric vehicles in an automated parking, said device (10) comprising: —a column (100) substantially developing vertically; —a current socket (110) positioned in substantial correspondence of a first terminal portion of the said column (100), and—a supporting element (130) of the said column (100), substantially developing along a direction which is orthogonal respective to the direction defined by said column (100), wherein: —said device (10) of recharge comprises a recess or profile (135) suitable for allowing the introduction of a tooth of a carriage for moving vehicles; —a plurality of electric contacts (195), each of which is cabled with a respective electric contact of the said current socket (110), wherein said plurality of electric contacts (195) is positioned in correspondence of a second terminal portion of the said column (100) opposed respective to said first terminal portion of the said column (100); —said electric contacts (195) being electrically disengaged in case

Abstract: A device is electrically connected to first and second terminals of an energy collector and provided with first and second electrical contacts intended to be placed in contact, for the electrical supply of the energy collector, respectively with first and second conjugated electrical contacts of a supply device on the ground, in turn electrically connected to an electrical power source. The device has a mesh connecting the second electrical contact and an output terminal connected to the second terminal of the energy collector, the mesh having a diode inserted between the second electrical contact and the second terminal of the energy collector so as to avoid the circulation of a current toward the second terminal of the energy collector.

Abstract: A first dispenser receives a request to initiate charging service for charging an electric vehicle. The first dispenser determines an amount of power that is available for the charging service for charging the electric vehicle including determining an availability status of multiple power modules that are located in the first dispenser and a second dispenser. The first dispenser determines whether the available amount of power is enough to meet a requested or determined amount of power draw of the electric vehicle. If the available amount of power is not enough to meet the requested or determined amount of power draw of the electric vehicle, and if there is at least one of the power modules that is available, the first dispenser requests allocation of the available power module and charging service commences.

Abstract: A system and method for distributing power to racing aircraft systems is provided. The system includes a race course, a in power transmitter directed towards a power delivery section of the race course, the power transmitter configured to remotely transmit power to the aircraft systems at the power delivery section, and a controller operatively coupled to the power transmitter to activate, direct and deactivate the power transmitter. The method includes detecting, at the controller, a trigger condition for activating the power transmitter; responsive to detecting the trigger condition, activating the power transmitter; and transmitting the power to the aircraft systems.

Abstract: A system to recharge an electric vehicle in which the rechargeable battery within the electric vehicle. The rechargeable battery is disengaged from electric vehicle, removed, and a replacement rechargeable battery is placed within the electric vehicle. In this manner, the electric vehicle is fully charged without having to wait at a charging station. An added feature is the easy disconnect of the rechargeable battery from the electric vehicle using an electromagnet connector for the electrical connection. The electromagnet is selectively powered by a secondary battery and adapted to disconnect the releasable electrical connector from the rechargeable battery when said electromagnet is not activated.

Abstract: A vehicle connected to a building and a vehicle-building connection system are disclosed. The vehicle includes a door, a vehicle energy storage unit configured to supply driving energy of the vehicle, a vehicle energy connection unit configured to exchange energy between the building and the vehicle energy storage unit, a data connection unit configured to transmit and receive data to and from the building, and a vehicle controller configured to execute any one or more of a connection mode, an energy mode, or a data mode according to an access level with the building.

Abstract: An auxiliary device battery sensor measures current and voltage of an auxiliary device battery. On the basis of a peak value and frequency of current measured by the auxiliary device battery sensor at a time when the current and the voltage of the auxiliary device battery change in accordance with requirements of a load, a monitoring ECU sets a waveform for measurement that is for measuring resistance of the auxiliary device battery. Further, the monitoring ECU controls a DDC that is connected to the auxiliary device battery, such that a waveform of the current of the auxiliary device battery becomes the waveform for measurement. The monitoring ECU estimates resistance of the auxiliary device battery on the basis of current and voltage measured by the auxiliary device battery sensor at a time of controlling the DDC.

Abstract: A method for operating a motor vehicle, with an electric traction motor and a traction battery. When a state of discharge is present, charging information is relayed to at least one data receiving device external to the vehicle by means of a communication device of the motor vehicle by way of a data communication link. A state of discharge is present when a state of charge of the electrical energy stored in the traction battery is not sufficient to operate the traction motor, and/or when a state of charge of the electrical energy stored in the traction battery is not enough to reach the closest charging station to the position of the motor vehicle.

Abstract: Dynamic allocation of power modules for charging electric vehicles is described herein. The charging system includes multiple dispensers that each include one or more power modules that can supply power to any one of the dispensers at a time. A dispenser includes a first power bus that is switchably connected to one or more local power modules and switchably connected to one or more power modules located remotely in another dispenser. The one or more local power modules are switchably connected to a second power bus in the other dispenser. The dispenser includes a control unit that is to cause the local power modules and the remote power modules to switchably connect and disconnect from the first power bus to dynamically allocate the power modules between the dispenser and the other dispenser.

Abstract: A cooling system for a charging column system for charging electrically driveable motor vehicles, has an inlet collecting line for the supply of a cooling medium, an outlet collecting line for the discharge of the heated cooling medium, and multiple cooling lines which are each able to be thermally coupled to an associated charging column to be cooled that serves for charging the electrically driveable motor vehicle and which serve for cooling the charging column, in particular a charging cable of a charging point and/or power electronics of the charging column. The cooling lines are fluidically connected to the inlet collecting line and to the outlet collecting line so as to be connected in parallel with respect to one another. The connection in parallel of the charging columns for the cooling allows an equal cooling power to be set for each charging column to be cooled.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described which provide targeted advertisements to a charging station for electric vehicles. A data collector records data associated with individuals near a charging station. A meter determines whether the charging station is being used to charge an electric vehicle. When the charging station is being used, a display displays advertisements targeted to the individuals. The targeted advertisements are selected from a database according to the data recorded by the data collector, and the database stores advertising content with discrete advertising segments that are electronically accessible. A processor is coupled to the data collector, the meter, and the display. The processor transmits the data recorded by the data collector, and receives the targeted advertisements.

Abstract: A system and method for generating an augmented navigational image for aligning a vehicle to a wireless charging pad includes capturing a first image in a forward longitudinal direction detecting a right parking space line and a left parking space line determining first distance between a wireless charging pad and the right parking space line and a second distance between the wireless charging pad and the left parking space line, generating an augmented navigational image in response to the first image and the second image wherein the augmented navigational image further includes a right longitudinal guidance line indicative of the first distance between a vehicle longitudinal axis and the right parking space line and a left longitudinal guidance line indicative of the second distance between the vehicle longitudinal axis and displaying the augmented navigational image on a vehicle navigation display.

Abstract: A charging system for an electric vehicle, comprising a charging station, a charging station stand, a charging cable held by the charging station stand, a charging plug, and a charging port of the electric vehicle. The charging cable is attached to a power source at its first end and to the charging plug at its second end. The charging cable is also retractable. The charging port is mounted on the topside of the electric vehicle and is designed to connect with the charging plug in a manner that keeps the charging cable clear of the floor and the surface of the electric vehicle.

Abstract: Provided are battery management apparatuses and methods. The battery management apparatus includes a converter configured to acquire and convert information of a battery cell, an antenna configured to transmit the converted information to an adjacent battery cell and to receive converted information of the adjacent battery cell, in response to a command of a controller, and a coil configured to wirelessly charge or discharge the adjacent battery cell, in response to another command of the controller, wherein the controller is configured to control the wireless charging or the wireless discharging based on information of the adjacent battery cell.

Abstract: An isolation charging control apparatus of a vehicle includes a first vehicle charging control apparatus receiving a control pilot signal for charging control from a charging station system and to receive power from the charging station system and a second vehicle charging control apparatus isolated from the first vehicle charging control apparatus and performing vehicle charging control, using a signal received from the first vehicle charging control apparatus.

Abstract: Vehicle control systems can include one or more location sensors, an energy storage device, one or more charge sensors and one or more vehicle computing devices. The location sensor(s) can determine a current location of a vehicle, while the charge sensor(s) can determine a current state of charge of an energy storage device that can be located onboard the vehicle to provide operating power for one or more vehicle systems. The vehicle computing device(s) can communicate the current location of the vehicle and current state of charge of the energy storage device to a remote computing device, receive from the remote computing device a charging control signal determined, at least in part, from the current location of the vehicle and the current state of charge of the energy storage device, and control charging of the energy storage device in accordance with the charging control signal.

Abstract: A system and method for managing vehicle charging stations such that when at least two of a plurality of electric vehicle charging stations (also known as electric vehicle service equipment, or EVSE) occupied with vehicles awaiting a charge, the present system manages the charging of individual vehicles in cases where the aggregated demand for charging exceeds the capacity of the circuits supplying the plurality of EVSE. By cycling so that only a few of the vehicles are charging at a time, the demand on the circuits is kept below a predetermined limit. In cases where a load shedding event is in progress, the limit can be further reduced. In cases where the cost of electricity is varying dynamically, the system considers a driver's explicit charging requirements (if any) and preferences for opportunistic charging when the price of electricity is not too high.

Abstract: A robotic system includes a docking station, a mobile working machine, and an electronic device. The mobile working machine includes a machine body and a transmission wheel device disposed on the machine body for loading and moving the machine body. The electronic device is detachably connected to the mobile working machine. The docking station includes a station base and a transferring device disposed on the station base for selectively carrying the electronic device away from the mobile working machine.

Abstract: An electric vehicle charge controller and charging method for controlling a charging rate for a battery of an electric vehicle is presented. The battery receives charge via a node connected to a power distribution source. The charge controller receiving a nodal voltage measurement for voltage at the node, receiving a value of electric power at the node, and determining a change in the electric power value based on a previous electric power value. When the change in electric power is greater than a load change threshold, the charge controller determines an estimate of voltage-to-load sensitivity. The charge controller determines the charging rate of the electric vehicle based on the nodal voltage, the determined voltage-to-load sensitivity, and a state of charge of the at least one battery, and controls the charging rate for the at least one battery in accordance with the determined charging rate.

Abstract: Combination fuel cell stack and electrochemical battery system provides stable and redundant electrical power to one or more traction motors. The electrochemical battery packs comprise modules that are switched between a low-voltage parallel configuration connecting to the fuel cell stack and a high-voltage series configuration connecting to the traction motors, thereby harvesting low-voltage energy from the fuel cells and deploying that energy as high-voltage power to the motor. The plurality of electrochemical battery packs can be switched such that at least one is always connected to the traction motor for continuity of power.

Abstract: A stabilizing electric battery system for vehicles that has a battery assembly and a rail assembly fixedly mounted onto a section of a chassis of a vehicle. The battery assembly has a battery and a housing. The battery assembly is mounted onto the rail assembly and moves laterally when the vehicle turns to increase stability of the vehicle in the turns. The rail assembly has a base and first and second rails. The first and second rails are mounted onto the base. Each of the first and second rails has respective linear ball bearing assembly. While the vehicle turns, the battery assembly slides on linear ball bearing assemblies from right to left and from left to right, in a same direction as the vehicle.

Abstract: When DC charging is completed, an ECU of a vehicle performs first diagnosis processing for diagnosing whether or not charge relays have stuck with an SMR being closed. In the first diagnosis processing, whether or not the charge relays have stuck is diagnosed based on an open/close command to the charge relays and a voltage applied to a charge port. When both of the charge relays are determined as having stuck in the first diagnosis processing, the ECU performs second diagnosis processing on the assumption that a DC power feed facility falls under a specific DC power feed facility. In the second diagnosis processing, whether or not the charge relays have stuck is diagnosed based on the open/close command to the charge relays, the voltage applied to the charge port (a first voltage), and a voltage (a second voltage) between a first power line and a second power line.

Abstract: The system and method described herein provide a contingency battery charging system that can be deployed on demand to a location in need of an alternate power system to power industrial vehicles (such as forklifts or other industrial vehicles used in a transportation and distribution operation). The contingency battery charging system can be transported from a centrally-located standby location to support a fleet of industrial vehicles at a deployment location. The contingency battery charging system may include a truck trailer that is wired to facilitate quick deployment of one or more transportable battery charging stations. Each transportable battery charging station may include at least one battery charger capable of concurrently charging multiple lead-acid batteries for use in industrial vehicles.

Abstract: A vehicle system includes a battery, and a charge controller configured to, for a first cycle, initiate charging of the battery at a first start time identified from a defined charge complete time and a first energy estimate of non-charging loads, and, for a next charge cycle and same defined charge complete time, initiate charging of the battery at a next start time, later than the first start time, identified from the same defined charge complete time and actual energy consumed by the non-charging loads during the first cycle.