Abstract: A sensor includes a substrate having a mechanically deformable region that is deformable in a direction non-parallel to a surface of the substrate, and a magnetostrictive multi-layer sensor element configured to detect a mechanical deformation of the mechanically deformable region in a direction that is non-parallel to the substrate surface. The multi-layer sensor element includes a sensor layer having a material having a positive or a negative magnetostriction constant. The sensor further includes a device, arranged on the substrate, that is configured to generate a controllable magnetic field by which a performance of the magnetostrictive multi-layer sensor element is influenced, wherein the magnetostrictive multi-layer sensor element exhibits an electrical resistance that is a function of the controllable magnetic field and a deformation of the mechanically deformable region.

Abstract: The system (10) and the method are used for forecasting the electrical conductivity of an anode (12) for aluminum production before the anode (12) is baked. In the system (10), at least one receiving coil (20,22) is coupled to an electromagnetic field emitting unit (14,18). A sensing device (30) is connected to the receiving coil (20,22), the sensing device (30) outputting a signal indicative of a variation of the electromagnetic field received by the receiving coil (20,22) as the crude anode (12), or a portion thereof, passes inside the receiving coil (20,22). A value indicative of the electrical conductivity of the anode (12) is then calculated using the signal from the sensing device (30) and signals previously obtained using reference anodes (12). This way, the electrical conductivity of the anodes (12) can be forecasted before the crude anodes (12) are baked.

Abstract: A magnetic sensor 10 includes GMR elements 11-18, and heating coils 21-24 serving as heat generating elements. The elements 11-14 and 15-18 are bridge-interconnected to constitute X-axis and Y-axis sensors, respectively. The heating coils 21, 22, 23, and 24 are disposed adjacent to the elements 11 and 12, the elements 13 and 14, the elements 15 and 16, and the elements 17 and 18, respectively. The heating coils 21-24, when electrically energized, heat mainly the adjacent elements. Therefore, the elements can be heated and cooled in a short period of time in which constant geomagnetism can be ensured. Data for compensation of temperature-dependent characteristic (ratio of change in sensor output value to variation in element temperature) is obtained on the basis of the temperatures of the elements before and after the heating, and the magnetic sensor outputs before and after the heating. Subsequently, the temperature characteristics of the elements are compensated on the basis of the data.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device for measuring a radiofrequency magnetic field, characterised in that it comprises on a common support: a coil forming a primary reception antenna; a voltage-controlled oscillator, monitored so that its output frequency depends on the amplitude of the magnetic field received on the coil forming primary antenna; an absorption modulation load connected to the oscillator output; a secondary antenna sensitive to the magnetic field influenced by the absorption modulation resulting from the power supply load by the voltage-controlled oscillator, and means for operating the available signal on the secondary antenna.

Abstract: A magnetic field detector is provided that makes use of Magneto-Impedance in order to switch an oscillator between operating states as a function of magnetic field strengths.

Abstract: A multi-axis magnetic or other field sensing device and method of fabricating a multi-axis magnetic or other field sensing device. An example sensing device is a 3-axis sensor package on a substrate with sensors on opposing sides of the substrate. One side of the substrate includes an X-axis sensor and a Y-axis sensor (or alternatively an integrated X-Y-axis sensor) and the opposite side of the substrate includes a Z-axis sensor on at least one sloped surface, the surface sloped with respect to both the first and second surface areas. One surface is mechanically and electrically bonded to a circuit board via conductive bumps. The other surface electrically connects to the circuit board through bonded wires and/or vias formed through the substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for the non-contact defined movement of at least one magnetic body, free to move in at least one dimension. A simple arrangement of this type, taking up a reduced volume, of universal application, for both positioning and orientation and also for energy generation and transmission, can be achieved, by means of arranging the body with a magnetic moment in the primary magnetic field of at least one permanent magnet which moves in a defined manner, said body having a secondary magnetic field extending from the body, aligned with the primary magnetic field. At least one magnetic field sensor is provided to record the secondary magnetic field in any position of the body.

Abstract: This system for measuring an electromagnetic field radiated by an electrical component of an electronic circuit, the electrical component being fixed to a dielectric substrate of the electronic circuit, is wherein a transducer (90 to 95) is etched on the substrate of the electronic circuit.

Abstract: A magnetic field sensor assembly has at least one magnetic field sensor integrated into a semiconductor chip and has at least one magnetic field source. The semiconductor chip and the at least one magnetic field source are arranged in an encapsulation material in a predetermined position relative to each other in such a way that a magnetic field generated by the magnetic field source is detectable with the aid of at least one magnetic field sensor. The magnetic field source is arranged in the semiconductor chip and/or in the plane of extension of the semiconductor chip laterally adjacent to said chip.

Abstract: A measuring device to measure a magnetic field having at least one measuring coil and at least one sensor to measure low-frequency magnetic fields, which measuring coil and which sensor have their planes of extension each positioned or positionable transverse to the flux direction of the magnetic field. The measuring coil and the sensor are connected to a signal processing device with which, depending on a first measurement signal provided by the measuring coil and a second measurement signal provided by the sensor, an output signal that essentially corresponds to the magnetic field can be generated. The measuring coil, the sensor, and the signal processing device are monolithically integrated into a semiconductor chip. The measuring coil may also be formed by means of traces of a printed circuit board on which the semiconductor chip that has the sensor and the signal processing device is located.

Abstract: A magnetic field sensor comprises a first and a second carrier foil and a spacer arranged there between. The spacer delimits a sensing region of the sensor in which the first and second carrier foils can be brought together against the their resiliency. At least two electrodes are arranged in the sensing region in such a way that an electrical contact is provided between them when the first and second carrier foils are brought together. The magnetic field sensor further comprises additional magnetisable layer associated with the first or the second carrier foil so that the first and second carrier foils can be brought together in response to a magnetic field.

Abstract: A detecting arrangement for a magnetic gripper device (3) mountable on a robot arm (10) of a milking robot (2) provided for automatically attaching teat cups (5) to the teats of a milking animal, wherein the magnetic gripper device is adapted for gripping teat cups made of or comprising a magnetic material and comprises a primary coil (31) feedable with a current and a core (33) of a magnetic material arranged at least partly within the primary coil. The detecting arrangement comprises means (41, 43; 43; 53) for repetitively sensing a magnetic field, an inductance, or a change thereof, as caused by a teat cup (5) when being present at, or gripped by, the magnetic gripper device (3); and means (44; 54) for repetitively detecting whether the magnetic gripper device is holding a teat cup or not based on said repetitive sensing of the magnetic field, the inductance, or the change thereof.

Abstract: A device and a method for determining the magnetic field strength of an electromagnet is illustrated and described.

Abstract: A portable locator for detecting a buried object characterized by an electromagnetic (EM) field emission employing three-dimensional (3D) sensor arrays each having three substantially-identical EM field sensors disposed on a flexible annular wall having a radial centroid defining a sensing axis. The flexible annular sensors are retained in substantial concentricity with the corresponding sensing axes disposed in substantial mutual orthogonality. A pair of 3D sensor arrays disposed on a first axis substantially orthogonal to a second axis defined by another pair of EM field sensors each having a sensing axis disposed along the second axis. The locator introduces a user-reconfigurable user interface (UI) employing a “sticky” ratcheting audio UI and a hollow hinge assembly for redisposing the sensor assembly from an operating to a storage disposition.

Abstract: A non-contact sensor system according to one embodiment comprises a substrate having at least one sensor element, the at least one sensor element being directed towards at least one data track on a medium positioned opposite the at least one sensor element, wherein the substrate and the medium each carry at least one magnetic track, wherein orientations of magnetizations of the magnetic tracks are such that the substrate experiences a force away from the medium. Other embodiments are also presented.

Abstract: To measure a magnetic field strength at each scan spacing s which is smaller than a loop size by scanning a magnetic field sensor (loop antenna) of the loop size. A magnetic field strength distribution is determined with spatial resolution of the spacing s along a scan direction, by performing arithmetic processing including addition and subtraction in relation to each of the measured magnetic field strength values. It is to be noted that the magnetic field sensor may be a magnetic field sensor array with plural magnetic field sensors placed at the spacing s.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for analysis of magnetic fields or signals used for the determination of the position of an object, wherein two temporally to each other shifted magnetic signals or fields are generated by two conductors arranged at least in part or completely separated from each other. The magnetic fields generated by the conductors are consecutively being captured by at least one and preferably three sensors arranged orthogonally to each other and determining from the captured signals information for determining the position of the object carrying the sensors relative to the conductors.

Abstract: A magnetic device comprises a magnetic element, a first magnetic field applying means, and a second magnetic field applying means. The first and second magnetic field applying means are disposed on mutually opposite sides of the magnetic element. The magnetic element is, for example, an element in which a soft magnetic film is formed in a meandering shape on a nonmagnetic substrate. The first and second magnetic field applying means create a magnetic field in one direction from the first magnetic field applying means toward the second magnetic field applying means. The bias magnetic field in one direction is thereby applied to the entire soft magnetic film in the magnetic element disposed between the first and second magnetic field applying means.

Abstract: The present invention provides a low resistance high magnetoresistance (MR) device comprised of a junction of two magnetic elements separated by a magnesium oxide (MgO) layer doped with such metals as Al and Li. Such device can be used as a sensor of magnetic field in magnetic recording or as a storage element in magnetic random access memory (MRAM). The invention provides a high-MR device possessing a diode function, comprised of a double junction of two outer magnetic elements separated by two MgO insulating layer and a center MgO layer doped with such metals as Al and Li. Such device provides design advantages when used as a storage element in MRAM. The invention with MR wherein a gate electrode is placed in electrical or physical contact to the center layer of the double tunnel junction.

Abstract: Provided is a tracking system, including a motor coupled to a medical instrument and configured to generate at least one magnetic field, and at least one receiver coil configured to sense the magnetic field. Also provided is a method of tracking, including rotating a rotor of a motor, wherein the rotor comprises a permanent magnet that generates a rotating magnetic field when the rotor is rotated, sensing the rotating magnetic field with at least one receiver, transmitting to a processor a signal indicative of the rotating magnetic field, and processing the signal to determine a position of the motor. Further provided is a method of tracking, comprising energizing a stator coil of a motor to generate at least one magnetic field, sensing the at least one magnetic field with at least one receiver, transmitting to a processor a signal indicative of the at least one magnetic field, and processing the signal to determine a position of the motor.

Abstract: A flaw detection apparatus includes a coil for producing an alternating-current magnetic field for flowing eddy currents in a magnetic material; a magneto-optical element disposed at the center of an inner peripheral portion of the coil and having a reflective film at an end face thereof opposed to the face of the member to be flaw-detected; an optical fiber for entering light from a light source into the magneto-optical element toward the reflective film via a circulator; an optical fiber for entering reflected light reflected by the reflective film into an analyzer via the circulator; a photoelectric conversion element for converting output light of the analyzer into an electrical signal; and a computing device for processing an output signal of the photoelectric conversion element and detecting a flaw of the member to be flaw-detected, based on the rotation angle of the plane of polarization of the reflected light.

Abstract: A current measurement system includes a magnetic core having an inside area through which a conductor carrying current to be measured extends. A measurement winding is wound on the magnetic core. A voltage source couples to the measurement winding to generate current through the measurement winding. A gap of low permeability material is disposed in the magnetic core. A sensing device is positioned in the gap, wherein the sensing device generates a control signal having one of a first state and a second state based on a strength and a direction of a magnetic field in the gap.

Abstract: A magnetic indexer for locating a device producing a magnetic field in a blind or inaccessible position of a work piece. A magnet is initially placed on a first side of the work piece such that a magnetic field produced by the magnet extends through the work piece and substantially perpendicular to a surface of the work piece. A device comprising a plurality of probes for sensing magnetic fields is then positioned over a second surface of the work piece. The probes are then moved over the second surface to determine the location of the axis of the magnet via the strength of the sensed magnetic field. Once the position of the axis of the magnet is determined, the work surface is either marked or worked on through the platform on which the probes are positioned. In particular, a hole may be accurately drilled or otherwise formed directly over the magnet even when the first surface of the work piece cannot be seen.

Abstract: A system and method for readily generating radial clearance data for a radial clearance between locations on at least two parts in a rotating machine includes rendering an image of a cross section view of at least a portion of the machine on a display. The locations on the two parts are identified on the rendered cross section, and a radial stack path between the identified locations is automatically determined. The radial clearance between the identified locations when the machine is not operating is determined, based at least in part on the determined radial stack path. Data generated by a deflection analysis model of the machine are used to determine radial deflections of the identified locations during machine operation at one or more machine operating conditions. Data representative of the radial clearance between the identified locations during the machine operation at the one or more machine operating conditions are generated.

Abstract: An MRI protector for protecting personnel and the MRI apparatus from the introduction of ferrous articles into the magnetic field of the MRI has an array of Hall effect sensors oriented to scan the magnetic field of the MRI. The Hall effect sensors are oriented to scan the magnetic field at the access door of the shielded MRI room. The sensors are connected to a central processing unit (CPU) which analyses the output of the sensors and propagates a warning when the presence of ferrous articles affects the magnetic field of the MRI.

Abstract: The magnetic field detecting apparatus is provided with: a magnetic field detecting unit for outputting one of two signals having different potential levels from each other in response to a perpheral magnetic field; an energizing control unit for producing a periodic energizing control signal indicative of timing at which the magnetic field detecting unit is energized by employing a clock signal and another signal obtained by frequency-dividing, or frequency-multiplying the clock signal, and for supplying the produced energizing control signal to the magnetic field detecting unit; a first inverting unit for inverting the potential level of the output signal of the magnetic field detecting unit; and an energizing time period control unit for supplying a time period control signal to the energizing control unit, the time period control signal controlling the time period of the energizing control signal in response to the potential level of the output signal of the magnetic field detecting unit, and the potentia

Abstract: A UNLV novel electric/magnetic dot sensor includes a loop of conductor having two ends to the loop, a first end and a second end; the first end of the conductor seamlessly secured to a first conductor within a first sheath; the second end of the conductor seamlessly secured to a second conductor within a second sheath; and the first sheath and the second sheath positioned adjacent each other. The UNLV novel sensor can be made by removing outer layers in a segment of coaxial cable, leaving a continuous link of essentially uncovered conductor between two coaxial cable legs.

Abstract: A differential wireless sensing device includes a first resonant device impinged on a substrate having a predetermined natural frequency, the first resonant device having a changeable resonant frequency in response to an environmental condition, and a second resonant device impinged on the substrate having a predetermined static resonant frequency.

Abstract: An electronic metal detector having transmit electronics includes switching electronics arranged and adapted to generate a transmit signal. The transmit electronics includes at least two power sources, and is connected to a transmit coil arranged and adapted to transmit an alternating magnetic field. The switching electronics are adapted and arranged to switch a first voltage of one power source to the transmit coil for at least a first period and also a third period, and to switch a second voltage of the other power source to the transmit coil for at least a second period. Receive electronics are arranged to receive and process a receive magnetic field during at least some of the second period and fourth period to produce an indicator output, at least indicating the presence and a characteristic of some metal targets under the influence of the magnetic field.

Abstract: A system and a method for production of a packaging laminate that comprises a layer containing magnetizable particles. The method involves marking faults, such as single spot defects and splices, on the packaging laminate by the application of a magnetic field to make a magnetic mark on the packaging laminate. A packaging device is arranged to sense the presence of the magnetic mark related to a package made from the packaging laminate.

Abstract: A magnetic field sensing element includes a pair of electrodes; a dielectric polymer layer separating the electrodes; and a network of magnetic nanoparticles in the insulating layer forming a current flow path between the electrodes; where the network of magnetic nanoparticles includes at least one magnetic tunnel junction involving two neighbouring nanoparticles of different coercivity.

Abstract: An apparatus for observing magnetic phenomena including a nonferrous planar platform, a cylinder disposed upright on the platform, magnets placed on the platform at the lower end of the cylinder, specimen suspending means disposed at the upper end of the cylinder, ferrous and nonferrous specimens selectively connected to the specimen suspending means when the other specimen is not so connected, a shaft disposed through opposing holes in the side of the cylinder, and biasing means disposed inside the cylinder between the specimen suspending means and the shaft.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an ELF or LF magnetic field measuring system, which can easily measure each magnetic field component existing in a free space generated by electric appliances or in a human body phantom filled with a specific fluid. A 3-axes magnetic field probe for use in the magnetic field measuring system comprises resistive lines in a protective sleeve rod electrically connected to the transmission board, an isotropic sensing head having a cubic shape, one end of the protective sleeve rod being rigidly connected to a corner point of the cubic sensing head where three faces coincide, and three bobbins adhered to three adjacent faces which coincide at a corner point diagonally opposite to the first corner point. A coil is wound on the periphery of each of the bobbins. The sensor is moved by an automatic mechanical machine to scan a pre-programmed surface where the magnetic field distribution is to the evaluated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a microchip assembly that is particularly applicable for biosensors. According to the invention, short-distance interactions between coupling circuits (11, 12) on a thin substrate (13) and an object (2) take place through the substrate (13) of reduced thickness (d). The coupling circuits may particularly comprise wires (11) for the generation of a magnetic field (B) and a GMR (12) for the detection of the stray fields (B?) generated by magnetizing beads (2) on labeled biological molecules (1).

Abstract: A method for determining field intensity for a particle on a substrate, the method comprising providing an incident wave, determining an electric vector of the field and a magnetic vector of the field inside and outside of the particle, and determining additional scattered fields inside and outside of the particle due to reflection of the incident wave from the substrate.

Abstract: A magnetic field angle sensor for measurement of a magnetic field angle over a 360° range has magnetic tunnel junction elements oriented at multiple angles. The magnetic field angle sensor includes multiple magnetic tunnel junction elements formed on a substrate that have an anti-ferromagnetic layer and pinned synthetic multiple layer. The magnetic tunnel junction elements are patterned to have a large dimensional aspect ratio and large anisotropies the pinned synthetic multiple layer of the magnetic tunnel junction elements. The magnetic tunnel junction elements are annealed in the presence of a strong magnetic field in a direction of the reference axis and the annealed for a second time with no external magnetic field so that exchange pinning is reduced and strong stress induced anisotropies of the pinned synthetic multiple layer align magnetization of the pinned synthetic multiple layer align a long axis of each of the magnetic tunnel junction elements.

Abstract: A sensor includes a first X-axis GMR element to a fourth X-axis GMR element fixed on a substrate, and a movable coil movably supported on the substrate. When electric current flows through the movable coil, a magnetic field is generated around the movable coil. The generated magnetic field is applied to the first to fourth X-axis GMR elements. The movable coil moves in accordance with acceleration generated in the sensor. The movement of the movable coil causes variation in the magnetic field applied to the first to fourth X-axis GMR element. While no electric current flows to the movable coil, the sensor measures an external magnetic field on the basis of resistances of the first to fourth X-axis GMR elements. While constant electric current flows through the movable coil, the sensor measures acceleration or the like on the basis of resistances of the first to fourth X-axis GMR elements.

Abstract: A portable telephone includes an upper housing and a lower housing connected by a two-axis hinge. A magnet is built into the upper housing at a position spaced from the upper housing center axis passing the vertical axis (Y) of the two-axis hinge. Depending on the direction of the upper housing when the two housings are closed, the magnet comes to a position symmetrical about the center axis. Consequently, when MR sensors are arranged in the lower housing at positions corresponding to the above positions, the direction of the upper housing can be determined. Four elements in total are conventionally required to detect the direction of a housing; however, the device enables housing detection by three elements in total: one magnet, two MR sensors. The number of elements necessary to detect the direction of a housing is reduced, as is the area for mounting the elements.

Abstract: Consistent with an example embodiment, devices comprise sensor arrangements with field detectors for detecting components of magnetic fields in planes of the field detectors. The sensor arrangements further include movable objects for, in response to tilting movements, changing at least parts of the components of the magnetic fields in the planes of the field detectors so that the sensor arrangements are made less sensitive to in-plane stray fields by providing the field detectors with saturated field-dependent elements. The movable object may comprise a movable field generator for generating the magnetic field, or the movable object and the field generator may be different objects. The magnetic field is such that the field-dependent element is saturated. The field generator is smaller than the field detector, and the movable object is larger than the field detector, to reduce alignment problems. The movable object has a pivoting point close to the field detector.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device for measuring a radiofrequency magnetic field, characterised in that it comprises on a common support (10): a coil forming a primary reception antenna; a voltage-controlled oscillator, monitored so that its output frequency depends on the amplitude of the magnetic field received on the coil forming primary antenna; an absorption modulation load connected to the oscillator output; a secondary antenna (22) sensitive to the magnetic field influenced by the absorption modulation resulting from the power supply load by the voltage-controlled oscillator, and means (30) for operating the available signal on the secondary antenna (22).

Abstract: A meter reader for reading a meter have a display portion displaying a total output of a quantity being metered and plural incremental outputs defining the total output. The meter reader includes a sensing mechanism for sensing one of the plural incremental outputs in the meter display portion, and a processing unit coupled to the sensing mechanism for accumulating incremental outputs sensed by the sensing mechanism and for determining accumulated meter output over a time period based on the accumulated incremental outputs. Also included is an output mechanism for outputting the accumulated meter output determined by the processing unit. In one example, the sensing mechanism includes a sensor for sensing only a least significant incremental output in usage included in the meter display portion, and an emitter for illuminating the least significant incremental output included in the meter display portion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a microsensor device like a magnetic biosensor (100). The microsensor device comprises an array of probe-sensors (10.1, 10.2, 10.3) for the measurement of a physical quantity, for example the concentration of molecules labeled with magnetic beads in a sample chamber. The array further comprises a reference-sensor (10.4) that is disposed close to the probe-sensors (10.1, 10.2, 10.3) but shielded from the physical quantity to be measured. The measuring signal of the reference-sensor (10.4) reflects the influence of environmental conditions like temperature and can therefore be used to correct the measuring signals of the probe-sensors (10.1, 10.2, 10.3). The sensors (10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4) are connected via a multiplexer to the same detector unit for further processing in order to minimize variations and to reduce hardware complexity.

Abstract: A method of searching for a material fated to generate an interband phase difference soliton includes the steps of generating an AC in a soliton candidate material, identifying a loss of AC magnetic susceptibility of the siliton candidate material due to a turn and a twist cut of a vortex line and judging whether or not the soliton candidate material is capable of generating soliton.

Abstract: An attitude detection sensor includes three magnetic sensing parts that detect magnetic field strength in respective directions along three axes perpendicular to each other, and two tilt sensing parts that detect tilt angles around two axes perpendicular to each other. The tilt sensing parts each include a cantilever having a magnet body that moves in accordance with the tilt angle, and a magnetic detection head that detects a displacement of the magnet body. The three magnetic sensing parts and the two magnetic detection heads are each formed using a magnetic detection element of the same type. At least one electronic circuit for controlling the five magnetic detection elements, the three magnetic sensing parts, and the two tilt sensing parts is disposed in a single package in the form of a module.

Abstract: An integrated microelectronic sensor is provided in a disposable flow membrane sensing device. The integrated sensors detect electromagnetic effect labels in flow detection zones above the sensor in the membrane. The labels are small particles that give off a detectable electromagnetic signal. They are commonly used for isolating and quantifying biochemical targets of interest. The sensors are fabricated using planar integrated circuit technologies. Sensors can detect labels of several types including magnetic, electric, and photonic. These types all have in common the fact that the sensor detects the label at a distance. Magnetoresistive sensors for detecting magnetic labels, and photodiodes for detecting photonic labels are described. A system for using the sensors is described. There are disposable cartridges with a backing that supports the sensors and membrane is described. The integrated sensor in the cartridge is designed to be discarded after use. Also, label excitation sources are provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting a potentially dangerous ferromagnetic object carried inadvertently by a person approaching the magnet of a magnetic resonance imaging system (14) uses the fringe field (16) of the magnet and provides guide members (11) defining a path along which the person is prescribed to pass. The path (11) is generally or approximately parallel to the field the path. At least one sense coil and generally two sets of sense coils (12, 13) are located on respective sides of the path (11) s the movement of the ferromagnetic object in the field of the magnet causes a voltage to be generated in the sense coil.

Abstract: In a mutual immittance calculation apparatus, an input section inputs data of a model of an electric circuit apparatus, being a target for analysis of the electromagnetic-field strength and being divided into a plurality of patches. A mutual immittance calculation section calculates respective mutual immittance for combinations of patches corresponding to the main portion and to the additional portion. The mutual immittance calculation section uses a stored calculation result corresponding to the main portion when the model in which only the additional portion has been changed is calculated for a second time onward, and recalculates the mutual immittance corresponding to the changed additional portion.

Abstract: A magnetic-field-measuring probe includes at least one magnetoresistive or magnetoinductive sensor which is sensitive to the magnetic field along a privileged measurement axis. The probe includes: at least two magnetoresistive or magnetoinductive sensors (14, 16) which are rigidly connected to one another in a position such that the privileged measurement axes thereof are parallel and offset in relation to one another in a direction that is transverse to the privileged measurement axes; and output terminals specific to each magnetoresistive or magnetoinductive sensor, in order to supply a signal that is representative of the magnetic field measured by each sensor along the privileged measurement axis thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring an electric current flowing through an electrical conductor (1), comprising a measuring device which detects a magnetic field formed by the electrical conductor in three orthogonal spatial directions and supplies measurement signals associated with the respective spatial directions.

Abstract: The present invention is an electrical circuit for a sensor designed to detect external magnetic fields. The circuit is composed of a stable voltage reference source, connected to a low frequency amplifier where the operating point of the amplifier depends on the voltage reference source that is biased for maximum allowable voltage swings of the amplifier. A GMI fiber is connected to the low frequency amplifier and to a crystal oscillator that generates a square wave excitation signal with which to excite the GMI fiber. A decoupling network connected to the amplifier allows stable excitation of the GMI fiber by separating the direct current paths of the amplifier from the excitation signal. When the GMI fiber is excited by the square wave signal the GMI fiber impedance varies with impressed magnetic fields, which in turn varies the output voltage of the amplifier.