Abstract: An identification system for a light radiation source (103) having a control circuit (107) for communicating with an identification circuit (108) associated with the light radiation source, wherein the identification circuit is arranged for storing data relating to the light radiation source. During operation, the control circuit communicates with the identification circuit via a signal path comprising at least a portion of a first electric wire (112) provided for energizing the light radiation source such that it is used as a first transmitting antenna for communicating with the identification circuit. The operation of the light radiation source is controlled in dependence on the data retrieved from the identification circuit. Depending on the result of the identification, operation of the light radiation source can be authorized or prevented, thus blocking the use of an incorrect radiation source for a given application.

Abstract: Methods for preventing blackening of a gas filled arc tube of a mercury vapour discharge lamp. Lamp voltage and slope, as well as lamp current and slope are analyzed to determine the state of mercury saturation of the gas in the arc tube. A first control signal is sent to alter the lamp power and a second control signal is sent to alter the level of cooling of the lamp according to the state of mercury saturation. Methods for driving a mercury vapour discharge lamp using a monitoring arrangement and analyzing unit to dynamically control the lamp power and the level of cooling of the lamp are described.

Abstract: An apparatus adapted to detect a particle present on a bevel of a wafer. The apparatus includes a substrate support and a sensor housing adapted to receive an edge of the wafer. The sensor housing includes one or more probe electrodes and one or more position sensors. The apparatus also includes a translatable stage coupled to the sensor housing. The translatable stage is adapted to control the distance between the bevel of the wafer and the one or more position sensors. The apparatus further includes electrical circuitry electrically coupled to the substrate support and the one or more probe electrodes and adapted to generate an electric field between the bevel of the wafer and the one or more probe electrodes, detection circuitry electrically coupled to the electrical circuitry, and a processor adapted to process electrical signals and thereby detect the particle present on the bevel of the wafer.

Abstract: Provided is an electron-emitting device using a carbon fiber as an electronic member. A carbon fiber through which a cathode electrode and a control electrode are short-circuited is removed to obtain an electron-emitting device having a uniform electron emission characteristic. A first electrode including a plurality of fibers each containing carbon and a second electrode are prepared. Then, a voltage is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode with a state where a potential of the first electrode becomes higher than a potential of the second electrode to remove a carbon fiber through which the first electrode and the second electrode are short-circuited.

Abstract: In a method and computer program product for operating a tomographic imaging apparatus, a standard measurement protocol is generated by displaying a planning representation of a standard object, defining a spatial position of a standard imaging area in the planning representation, and storing, as the standard measurement protocol for the standard object, a reference to the standard object and parameters of the standard imaging area. Such a standard measurement protocol can then be used in the slice position planning for an actual tomographic measurement, by obtaining data representing features of an examination object, corresponding to the standard object, determining a geometrical relation of the features of the examination object to features of the standard object, and generating an object-specific measurement protocol wherein the imaging area is positioned relative to the examination object by modification of the standard measurement protocol.

Abstract: The rare gas discharge lamp is supplied with a current, which is lower than the rated current, the voltage of the rare gas discharge lamp is determined at this instant and the swing width of this voltage is measured. A comparator for comparing measured values of the swing width of the voltage of the rare gas discharge lamp when the current control supplies a reduced current, which is lower than the rated current. A service life converter for converting the difference value output by the comparison means into an indication of the service life of the rare gas discharge lamp.

Abstract: To measure positions of a plurality of thin film magnetic head elements formed in a line on a bar, the quantity of positions of samples in the bar is estimated from the magnetic head elements the amount of deviation in position of the next element, and the distance between the elements are obtained, and the amount of deviation and distance are estimated by a primary approximate linear or several-order approximate curve. The estimated amount and the distance between the elements are moved simultaneously, and an image formed by a lens optical system is photo-converted to an image signal, and dimensions are computed. The conversion step is carried out immediately after movement of the next element and is continuously repeated, and the computing step is processed in parallel with the conversation step.

Abstract: A diagnostic device and associated operational procedure are used to both verify the integrity of components of high intensity discharge light fixtures and also troubleshoot problems in the wiring connecting the light fixture to the AC power source (transformer). The diagnostic device is a rugged, self-contained unit that can be connected across the ballast in the fixture for verifying component integrity, while also being adapted to load the AC power line that powers the fixture to detect problems in the wiring between the AC power source and the fixture.

Abstract: The detection of components that cause p-static interference with communications and navigation equipment is essential to the maintenance of an aircraft. A p-static source locator uses two leads to supply a voltage between components of the aircraft. If the components are not properly electrically bonded, a radio receiver detects the p-static interference created when sparking occurs between the inadequately bonded components. The p-static source locator may be implemented in a single hand-held unit that is simple to transport and use. Moreover, the locator uses low voltage potential differences for operator safety.

Abstract: A capacitor (16) coupled in series with series coupled gas discharge lamps (11 and 12) will effectively block direct current from flowing through the capacitor (16). A detector circuit including a high impedance resistor (17) and transistor (18) provide an alternate path for a small direct current flow, thereby enabling a direct current voltage across the capacitor (16) to be detected. The presence or absence of this direct current voltage provides a reliable indicia of the existence or absence of a gas discharge fault.

Abstract: A method of testing an electron discharge device incorporating a cathode electrode heated by bombardment of electrons emitted by a heater electrode so that selected parameters of such device may be determined without requiring that such device be operational, the method in particular including the steps of causing the cathode electrode to be brought to operating temperature within a short period of time and determining that the current due to electrons bombarding the cathode electrode is within predetermined limits.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for testing a line screen CRT for misregistration between its electron beam and the beam's phosphor stripe targets. The test method includes sensing light output at a plurality of test areas on the CRT screen as the electron beam is stepped across its phosphor targets. The maximum and minimum light outputs of each test area, and the beam locations at which the maximum and minimum light outputs were obtained, are used to compute the degree of misregistration for each test area.

Abstract: Signal as the milliampere and/or kilovolt signals are monitored from the X-ray tube system via the high tension transformer thereof. These signals may be connected to a heat unit indicator or a calibration meter or both. With the heat unit indicator, the heat level in an X-ray tube anode is monitored and referred to the level corresponding to the ambient room temperature as zero reference. As successive single exposures or series of exposure are made, the X-ray tube heat loading is automatically monitored and displayed so that the operator is aware of the situation at all times. The cooling characteristics of the tube are automatically taken into account and reflected in the reading. If desired, a calibration meter may be connected to the signal derivation circuitry to measure and indicate readily and easily, a plurality of operating parameters.

Abstract: Signals as the milliampere and kilovolt signals are monitored from the X-ray tube system via the high tension transformer thereof. These signals may be connected to a heat unit indicator or a calibration meter or both. With the heat unit indicator, the heat level in an X-ray tube anode is monitored and referred to the level corresponding to the ambient room temperature as zero reference. As successive single exposures or series of exposures are made, the X-ray tube heat loading is automatically monitored and displayed so that the operator is aware of the situation at all times. The cooling characteristics of the tube are automatically taken into account and reflected in the reading. If desired, a calibration meter may be connected to the signal derivation circuitry to measure and indicate readily and easily, a plurality of operating parameters.

Abstract: A precision cathode current regulator for controlling cathode current in a cathode-ray tube having a field effect transistor which is stabilized by an operational amplifier connected in a feedback mode. A second operational amplifier is electrically coupled to the field effect transistor for measuring cathode voltage accurately without affecting the regulated current.