Abstract: The signal output circuit of the highest rank state detection section outputs an abnormal signal that is generated by the processing device when an abnormality is detected by the abnormality detection section. When no abnormality is detected, a normal signal is generated by the processing device and output as the detection signal. In each state detection section other than that of the highest rank, the signal output circuit outputs an abnormal signal generated by the processing device when an abnormality is detected by the abnormality detection section, and outputs the detection signal input from a higher rank state detection section when no abnormality is detected.

Abstract: A control circuit turns on a switching element to discharge a capacitor, and after a voltage between both ends of the capacitor becomes zero, the control circuit turns off the switching element. The control circuit measures the voltage V1, V2 between both ends of the capacitor after the first predetermined time is passed and after the second predetermined time is passed, and calculate a change rate (V1/V2). If V1/V2 is equal to or less than 0.5, the disconnection is detected.

Abstract: A voltage measurement device that measures battery voltages of a plurality of single batteries connected in series has: a first voltage detection unit that detects the battery voltages; a storage unit that stores error information relating to a detection error between a voltage detected by the first voltage detection unit and a voltage detected by a second voltage detection unit of higher detection precision but lower detection speed than the first voltage detection unit; and a correction unit that, on the basis of the error information stored in the storage unit, corrects the battery voltages detected by the first voltage detection unit.

Abstract: Provided is a SOC correcting system in a parallel structure of multiple packs that a plurality of sub-packs having serially connected cells are connected in parallel, the system including of: sub BMSs connected to each of the sub packs to calculate each SOC of the sub-packs; and a main BMS connected to each of the sub BMSs to collect the SOCs calculated in each of the sub BMSs and transmit a final SOC to a vehicle controller, wherein when an average SOC to each SOC of the sub-packs is less than 50%, the main BMS determines a minimum value among the SOCs of the sub-packs as a final SOC, and when the average SOC to each SOC of the sub-packs is 50% or more, the main BMS determines a maximum value among the SOCs of the sub-packs as a final SOC.

Abstract: A battery circuit includes a monitoring circuit, an integrator circuit, and a comparator. The monitoring circuit can be used to monitor a cell and generate a monitoring signal indicating a cell voltage of the cell. The integrator circuit accumulates a difference between the monitoring signal and a first predetermined threshold over a time period to generate an integrating output. The comparator compares the integrating output to a second predetermined threshold and generates a control signal.

Abstract: A circuit used for determining a cell number of several battery cells. The circuit includes a detection block and a controller, and operates in a first detection mode and a second detection mode. The detection block is coupled to each of the battery cells. In the first detection mode, the detection block provides a terminal voltage signal indicative of a terminal voltage of a battery cell. In the second detection mode, the detection block provides a cell voltage signal indicative of a cell voltage of the battery cell. The controller compares the terminal voltage signal with a first threshold in the first detection mode and compares the cell voltage signal with a second threshold in the second detection mode, and provides a cell count signal indicative of the cell number based on the terminal voltage signal and the cell voltage signal.

Abstract: A battery management system for a battery pack including a plurality of battery cells connected in series is provided. The battery management system includes a voltage divider, a plurality of switching units and a detection circuit. Each switching unit is corresponding to one of the battery cell and coupled between an anode of the corresponding battery cell and the voltage divider. When a control signal directs one of the switching units to turn on, the voltage divider divides a voltage difference transmitted from the one of the switching units to obtain a divided voltage signal, and transmits the divided voltage signal to the detection circuit, and the detection circuit detects the voltage difference according to the divided voltage signal, wherein the voltage difference is a voltage difference between an anode of the battery cell corresponding to the one of the switching units and a ground.

Abstract: A battery module may include a plurality of rechargeable batteries; a receiving member that inserts the rechargeable batteries; a protective circuit module that is fixed on the receiving member and that is electrically connected to the rechargeable batteries; a circuit connector that is connected to the protective circuit module and that has a plurality of terminals; and a battery connector that is electrically connected to the rechargeable batteries and that is coupled to the circuit connector.

Abstract: A battery includes a plurality of battery cells connected in series between a positive terminal and a negative terminal and a resistor connected in series with the battery cells. The battery also includes a plurality of cell voltage detection units which each include a plurality of voltage measurement inputs connected to a respective group of the battery cells. The battery is configured to determine cell voltages of the battery cells connected to the respective cell voltage detection unit. The cell voltage detection units are connected to each other by a communication bus and are configured to transmit, via the communication bus, the determined cell voltages to a microcontroller which is galvanically decoupled from the cell voltage detection units by an electrical isolation device. The resistor includes a first connection connected to a selected voltage measurement input of one of the cell voltage detection units.

Abstract: A voltage detection apparatus includes a plurality of voltage detection units, each of which detects cell voltages of plural cells in each of blocks in a battery module. Each of blocks includes the plural cells connected in series. The plurality of voltage detection units are respectively supplied with power via power supply lines connected to the blocks. The plurality of voltage detection units are respectively provided with a plurality of current increase units for increasing dark currents so that the dark currents flowing through the power supply lines respectively become a same target value.

Abstract: A method for determining the state of a battery comprising at least two battery strings, wherein said battery strings are connected to a load and to a power supply unit, the method comprising: disconnecting (401) at least one first battery strings from said load; reducing (402) an output voltage of said power supply unit to said load below a first threshold value; discharging (403) at least one second battery string to said load; monitoring (404) the discharging of the at least one second battery string; determining (405) a capacity of said at least one second battery string based on at least in part the monitoring of discharging; and reconnecting (406) said at least one first battery strings to said power supply unit and to said load.

Abstract: A voltage monitoring module includes voltage control circuits each connected between two adjacent input terminals and causing a current to flow to generate a voltage drop when a voltage of a k-th input terminal counted from a high potential side is higher than a voltage of a (k?1)-th input terminal; and a disconnection detection circuit that detects a disconnection between battery cells and m input terminals. The disconnection detection circuit includes an activation circuit that controls a flow of m currents flowing between the m input terminals and a ground terminal; (m?1) first switches having one end connected to each of second to m-th input terminals, and a control terminal connected to each of first to (m?1)-th input terminals, and turning on when a voltage applied to the control terminal is smaller than a predetermined value; and a memory unit connected to another end of the (m?1) first switches.

Abstract: A system for measuring leakage resistance between a high voltage (HV) system of a vehicle and a vehicle chassis includes an emulated inductance that is connected between the HV system and the vehicle chassis and that has an inductive reactance that substantially cancels a capacitive reactance between the HV system and the vehicle chassis. A signal source outputs one of an AC current signal and an AC voltage signal between the HV system and the vehicle chassis. A sensor measures one of an AC current response to the AC voltage signal between the HV system and the vehicle chassis and an AC voltage response to the AC current signal between the HV system and the vehicle chassis.

Abstract: A battery block 12 includes a parallel or series circuit of battery units. Each battery unit is provided with a battery module including at least one secondary battery. Measured voltage values VDET[1]˜VDET[n] and measured current values IDET[1]˜IDET[n]) from the battery modules 1[1]˜1[n] inside the battery units BU[1]˜BU[n] are sent to a main control unit 11. When battery modules 1[1] and 1[2] are connected in parallel, the difference between IDET[1] and IDET[2] is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, and IDET[1]>IDET[2], it is determined that the degraded state of battery module 1[2] has reached a specific state. When the difference between IDET[1] and IDET[2] is equal to or greater than the predetermined value, and IDET[1]<IDET[2], it is determined that the degraded state of battery module 1[1] has reached a specific state.

Abstract: A system for monitoring parameters of an energy storage system having a multiplicity of individual energy storage cells. A radio frequency identification and sensor unit is connected to each of the individual energy storage cells. The radio frequency identification and sensor unit operates to sense the parameter of each individual energy storage cell and provides radio frequency transmission of the parameters of each individual energy storage cell. A management system monitors the radio frequency transmissions from the radio frequency identification and sensor units for monitoring the parameters of the energy storage system.

Abstract: In an assembled battery including plural cells series-coupled in multiple stages, each voltage measuring unit includes an analog front end unit which measures the voltages of cells, an interface unit for interfacing with a common bus, a voltage measurement control unit which controls the analog front end unit and the interface unit, and an insulating element which allows communication between the voltage measurement control unit and the interface unit in a state of being insulated from each other. The interface unit of each voltage measuring unit is electrically insulated, so that it can be coupled to a low-voltage power supply system of the electrical system that includes the battery system control unit. Since there is no potential difference between the interface unit and the battery system control unit, they can be coupled to each other via the common bus.

Abstract: A BMS and driving method, the BMS including a sensing unit sensing voltages and currents of battery cells and an MCU determining an SOC of the battery cells and controlling charging and discharging based on cell voltages and currents of the battery cells, wherein the MCU includes an SOC measurer measuring first SOCs and, after a predetermined duration, second SOCs of the battery cells; and a controller determining whether a first difference value between a maximum second SOC value and the second SOCs of each battery cell is greater than a first reference value or determining whether a second difference value between the first and second SOCs of respective battery cells is greater than a second reference value, and determining which battery cell is shorted when the first difference value is greater than the first reference value or when the second difference value is greater than the second reference value.

Abstract: Embodiments of an electronic circuit for monitoring a battery stack enable cell balancing while conserving pin-count of the circuit package. The illustrative electronic circuit comprises a battery monitoring integrated circuit configured for monitoring a plurality of cells in the battery stack. The battery monitoring integrated circuit is arranged to share a common node pin between two adjacent battery cells in the battery stack for the purpose of cell balancing.

Abstract: A battery system with at least one module includes a plurality of battery cells. A cell voltage detecting circuit is associated with each battery cell of the plurality of battery cells. The cell voltage detecting circuits of the at least one module are connected to a multiplexer. An output of the multiplexer is connected to a communication bus via an analog-digital converter. The communication bus is connected to an evaluating unit. The multiplexer is additionally connected to at least one auxiliary voltage source that is known to the evaluating unit. In a method for monitoring a battery system with at least one module including a plurality of battery cells, a voltage of each of the battery cells is detected and fed to an evaluating unit via a cell voltage detecting unit. An output signal of the cell voltage detecting unit is tested for plausibility.

Abstract: Non-sequential monitoring of battery cells in battery monitoring systems, and related components, systems, and methods are disclosed. In one embodiment, a battery monitoring system control unit is provided. The battery monitoring system control unit is configured to control battery monitoring devices. Each battery monitoring device is configured to be coupled to a subset of battery cells electrically connected in series in a sequential order to form a battery. The battery monitoring system control unit is further configured to instruct the battery monitoring devices to test an ohmic value of each battery cell of the battery cells of the battery in a non-sequential order. In this manner, heat generated in the battery monitoring devices from the testing may be more effectively dissipated, which can also allow for the battery monitoring devices to be employed in higher operating temperature environments.

Abstract: A battery monitoring system comprises a battery control unit (BCU) and a plurality of module control units (MCUs) connectable to battery modules. The BCU comprises a low voltage power supply, a BCU controller, and a reference address signal source connected to an address signaling path. The MCUs receive low voltage power from the BCU. Each MCU comprises an address signal input and output with a signal coupler therebetween for connecting the module control unit along the address signaling path, and an MCU controller. The BCU controller determines a number of MCUs on the address signaling path, and each MCU controller determines the associated MCU's position along the address signaling path, based at least in part on a detected signal on the address signaling path and predetermined properties of the reference address signal and address signal coupler. A ground fault detection unit may provide a fault signal to the BCU controller.

Abstract: A battery monitoring system utilizes a plurality of transformers interconnected with a battery having a plurality of battery cells. Windings of the transformers are driven with an excitation waveform whereupon signals are responsively detected, which indicate a health of the battery. In one embodiment, excitation windings and sense windings are separately provided for the plurality of transformers such that the excitation waveform is applied to the excitation windings and the signals are detected on the sense windings. In one embodiment, the number of sense windings and/or excitation windings is varied to permit location of underperforming battery cells utilizing a peak voltage detector.

Abstract: A voltage detection device including a multiplexer provided with a plurality of input channels connected to respective battery cells and an output channel connected to an analog-to-digital (AD) converter. The multiplexer is further provided with an additional input channel that is connected to a voltage source that supplies a fault detection voltage. A multiplexer controller is triggered by an input trigger signal to instruct the multiplexer to sequentially connect the input channels and the additional input channel to the output channel according to a predetermined voltage detection sequence. An abnormality detector determines that there exists an abnormality in the multiplexer controller on the basis of an output of the AD converter when the AD converter detects the fault detection voltage at a timing different from a normal timing defined by the voltage detection sequence. This enables the voltage detection device to self-diagnose the multiplexer controller.

Abstract: Systems and methods for monitoring a battery stack having a plurality of cells are provided. One system includes a plurality of time delay circuits. Each of the time delay circuits is electrically coupled to at least one of the plurality of cells. The time delay circuits are configured to execute a time delay in response to receiving a trigger signal and output a time delay marking signal indicating that the time delay has elapsed. The time delay is based on a voltage of the cell(s) to which the respective time delay circuit is electrically coupled. The system further includes a control circuit configured to receive the time delay marking signal from each of the time delay circuits and, for each received time delay marking signal, to determine the voltage of the at least one of the plurality of cells associated with the respective time delay marking signal.

Abstract: A device comprises a battery having a multiplicity of battery cells and a sensor system for the redundant determination of a battery current flowing through the poles of the battery. The sensor system comprises a current measuring device for detecting the battery current and providing a current measurement value. Furthermore, the device comprises a voltage measuring device for separately detecting a variation with time of the single-cell voltage of at least one battery cell and providing at least one variation with time of a voltage measurement value. Furthermore, the device comprises an evaluating unit which is configured for determining the battery current from the at least one variation with time of the voltage measurement value, providing a corresponding current value and comparing the current value with the current measurement value.

Abstract: A semiconductor device including: lines connected to lines between respective neighboring battery cells of plural battery cells connected in series; at each of the battery cells, a voltage detection portion that detects a battery voltage value of the battery cell based on a voltage provided by the lines connected to the high potential side of the battery cell and to the low potential side of the battery cell; and at each of the lines, a regulation portion that regulates current to make a first current and a second current cancel out, the first current being caused to flow in a first direction in the resistor element by the battery cell at the high potential side of the line, and the second current being caused to flow in a second direction in the resistor element by the battery cell at the low potential side of the line.

Abstract: A battery pack, an integrated device for sensing individual battery voltage in a battery pack and a method of forming an integrated voltage-sensing circuit for use in a battery-powered automobile propulsion system. The integrated voltage-sensing circuit includes a busbar, a terminal pin and a voltage-sensing fuse electrically disposed between the busbar and the terminal pin. The construction of the voltage-sensing circuit is such that it forms an integral structure upon being coupled to the modular housing or related structure that may subsequently be secured to a frame that is used to provide support to each battery cell within the battery pack. In one form, the modular housing and voltage-sensing circuit may be secured to the frame during a frame molding process such that upon completion of the molding, the housing and at least a portion of the voltage-sensing circuit are encapsulated within the frame.

Abstract: A semiconductor circuit, battery monitoring system, diagnostic program and diagnosis method are provided enabling appropriate self-diagnosis of a measurement unit. An output value (A-B) output through respective power supply lines V (Vn, Vn?1), a cell selector switch, and a level shift circuit from an AD converter and an output value (B) of a directly input reference voltage B output from the AD converter are summed together. Diagnosis is made that no abnormality such as a defect has occurred when the summed value is substantially the same as a reference voltage A.

Abstract: A method for determining the life expectancy of at least one battery cell, according to which a value of at least one physical variable acting on the battery cell and/or a number of executions of at least one process taking place in the battery cell is determined, and the value of the physical variable and/or the number of executions of processes is used as a basis for determining the life expectancy. The physical variable and/or the number of executions of processes taking place in the battery cell is determined for a plurality of operating cycles, and the frequency of the occurrence of defined values of the physical variable and/or the frequency of the number of executions of at least one defined process is stored.

Abstract: There are provided a secondary battery cell, a battery pack, and an electric power consumption device having a configuration and structure capable of accurately and easily detecting the state of the secondary battery cell in the battery pack. A secondary battery cell 20 of the present invention includes an integrated circuit (an IC chip) 60 having a measuring function to measure a battery status, the battery pack has a plurality of secondary battery cells of the present invention, and the electric power consumption device includes the battery pack of the present invention having the plurality of secondary battery cells of the present invention.

Abstract: A battery voltage monitor circuit for monitoring a voltage of plural secondary batteries includes first and second logic circuit parts that select first and second secondary batteries from the plural secondary batteries according to first and second command signals supplied from an external device, first and second reference voltage generation parts that generate first and second reference voltages, first and second AD conversion parts that digitalize a voltage of both ends of the first and second secondary batteries into first and second digital signals by using the first and second reference voltages, first and second communication parts that transmit the first and second digital signals to the external device.

Abstract: A test fixture for testing a plurality of longitudinal battery cells includes: a base plate; a plurality of holding structures for holding the battery cells, the holding structures being mounted on the base plate and configured to hold the battery cells with their longitudinal axes being perpendicular with respect to the base plate; and a plurality of contacts arranged on the base plate to electrically contact positive and negative terminals of each of the battery cells.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for detecting ice blocking of a fuel cell stack. In particular, the method includes periodically calculating a minimum cell voltage of a fuel cell stack from cell voltages measured by a cell voltage monitoring system while reactant gases are supplied to the fuel cell stack and then calculating a change in the minimum cell voltage using a currently calculated minimum cell voltage and a previous minimum cell voltage. It is then determined whether the change in the minimum cell voltage is above a predetermined reference value. When the change in the minimum cell voltage is above the reference value, it is determined that the ice blocking has occurred or is occurring in an anode of the fuel cell stack.

Abstract: A battery pack monitoring apparatus detects line breakage of detection lines on a highest potential side and a lowest potential side of a battery pack. In the apparatus, a battery cell voltage detection section detects a voltage of each of battery cells through detection lines connected to both electrodes of the battery cells. A battery pack voltage detection section detects a voltage of the battery pack through the highest potential side detection line and the lowest potential side detection line of the battery pack. Diodes are connected in parallel to respective battery cells on the highest and lowest potential sides in a forward direction from a negative electrode toward a positive electrode. A control section determines that one of the lines is broken when a sum of the voltage of each of the battery cells detected and the voltage of the battery pack detected are not equal to each other.

Abstract: A system is provided for monitoring an energy-storing apparatus during a non-operating event of a mechanism that draws energy from the energy-storing apparatus, which includes a plurality of energy-storing cells. The system includes a plurality of sensing units, each of which is coupled to a subset of the plurality of cells and is configured to monitor conditions of the corresponding subset of cells during the non-operating event. The system further includes a wireless communication unit and a power source. The wireless communication unit is coupled to each of the sensing units and configured to communicate a signal indicative of one of the monitored conditions of the corresponding subset of cells to a computing device. The power source provides energy to the sensing units and the wireless communication unit during the non-operating event.

Abstract: A power supply device includes: a power supply; a first contactor and a second contactor that are connected between the power supply and a load; a voltage detection circuit that detects a voltage between a load side of the first contactor and a power supply side of the second contactor; and a control unit that sets the contactors to an open/closed state. In a state in which electrical power has not been supplied to the load, a voltage which is greater than zero and less than a voltage at the power supply is applied between a positive electrode and a negative electrode on the load side; and after controlling the contactors to an open state, the control unit makes a decision as to whether or not one of the contactors is welded based upon detection results of the voltage detection circuit.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for determining at least one state of a plurality of spatially combined battery cells connected to each other by circuitry. The state is determined by observing battery cells by means of at least one observer structure. A subset of a plurality of battery cells is observed and the state derived from the observation is determined for more battery cells than for the observed battery cells. The disclosure further relates to a battery comprising a battery management system, which is configured such that the method according to the disclosure can be carried out thereby. The disclosure also relates to a motor vehicle comprising a battery according to the disclosure.

Abstract: The embodiments described herein include a system and a method. One embodiment provides a sensing apparatus for a battery system having a plurality of cells. The sensing apparatus includes an elongated substrate configured to extend along one side of the plurality of cells and a plurality of sensors, each corresponding to a respective one of the plurality of cells, and each configured to contact its respective cell.

Abstract: A battery pack and a method of inspecting a storage state of a secondary battery in the battery pack are provided. In the method of inspecting a storage state of a secondary battery in the battery pack, the battery pack includes (A) a plurality of secondary batteries and (B) a housing, the housing having a plurality of storage sections and containing the secondary batteries in the respective storage sections; a conductive member 30 is attached to an outer surface of each of the secondary batteries made of a non-conductive material; each of the storage sections is provided with at least two detection sections; and depending on a storage state of each of the secondary batteries in each of the storage sections, two detection sections are in contact with the conductive member, or at least one detection section is not in contact with the conductive member.

Abstract: A battery pack includes: one or two or more secondary batteries; a charge control switch that turns on/off a charging current to the secondary battery; a discharge control switch that turns on/off a discharging current from the secondary battery; a current-detecting element for detecting the charging current and the discharging current; a voltage measuring part that measures the voltage of the secondary battery; a control unit that controls the charge control switch and the discharge control unit; and a storage unit that stores an initial internal resistance of the secondary battery. The control unit measures a closed circuit voltage and a charging current during charging, and a first closed circuit voltage after a first waiting time and a second closed circuit voltage after a second waiting time. The second waiting time is longer than the first waiting time.

Abstract: A method for monitoring a rechargeable battery (1) with multiple cells (2, 2a . . . 2n) is described, as well as a cell monitoring unit (3, 3a . . . 3n) for such, in which in a normal mode (MN) a measurement (UCa, UCb) of a parameter of a cell (2, 2a . . . 2n) is determined using a reference value (URa, URb) provided for each cell (2, 2a . . . 2n). In addition, in a test mode (MT) the reference values (URa, URb) of adjacent cells (URb) used for determining measurements (UCa, UCb) of the parameter in question and provided for each cell (2, 2a . . . 2n) are compared with each other in a periodically recurring manner. An error signal is issued if the comparison result exceeds a predefinable limit value.

Abstract: A protective circuit for an arrangement includes a multiplicity of individual cells in a rechargeable battery pack. A predefined number of individual cells are connected in series in a cell row and at least two cell rows are mutually parallel, and at least one cell connector situated between the individual cells at a location of one cell row is electrically connected via a compensation line to the cell connector situated at an identical location of the parallel cell row, and the potential of the cell connector connected to the compensation line at one location of one cell row and the potential of the cell connector electrically connected to the compensation line at the same location of the parallel cell row are detected and the detected potentials are fed to an evaluation unit.

Abstract: A power system for a vehicle includes at least two battery packs spaced away from each other. A first battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells and a switching element electrically connected with the battery cells. A second battery pack includes a resistor electrically connected in series with the switching element, and sense circuitry configured to detect voltage across the resistor indicative of leakage current associated with the first battery pack.

Abstract: Provided is an abnormality detecting device for detecting an abnormality of electric storage devices such as a battery pack. Comparators (140-1) to (140-n) detect a time when a voltage reaches a prescribed voltage, for each block of a battery pack (100). A judging section (160) detects a current at a time when the voltage reaches the prescribed voltage, and a representative current value is calculated for each block. The deviation of the representative current value of each block is compared with the threshold value, and when the deviation is large, it is judged that there are abnormalities such as short-circuiting, minute short-circuiting, IR (internal resistance) increase, capacitance reduction, and the like.

Abstract: A current measurement apparatus includes a shunt resistor (1) located between two terminal members (5, 6), each connected electrically to a respective end (4, 3) of the shunt resistor, and each extending over substantially the whole of an adjacent side face of the shunt resistor. Electrically insulating, thermally conductive material (8, 9) is provided between each side face of the shunt resistor (1) and the terminal members (5, 6), and serves to provide a thermal path for heat exchange between the shunt resistor and the terminals. The shunt resistor (1) is engineered to have the desired electrical properties, and the terminal members are connected by mechanical fasteners (13, 14) to ensure the required electrical properties without calibration. Measuring circuitry (15) is incorporated between the shunt resistor (1) and terminal members (5, 6).

Abstract: An abnormality prediction system for secondary batteries according to the present invention includes: a parameter value detection portion that detects parameter values each corresponding to each of a plurality of secondary batteries to determine whether all the parameter values are normal or not; and a singular state determination portion that determines, if a difference between a reference value calculated by use of all the parameter values determined to be normal by the parameter value detection portion and at least one of the parameter values is not less than a threshold value, the secondary battery corresponding to the parameter value with the difference not less than the threshold value to be in a state different from those of the other secondary batteries out of the plurality of secondary batteries.

Abstract: Systems and methods for assessing operation of ADCs of a battery pack supplying power to a vehicle are disclosed. One example system comprises, a first ADC for determining the voltage of at least one battery cell; a second ADC for determining the voltage of a plurality of battery cells; and a controller performing an action in response to comparing an output of said first ADC to an output of said second ADC.

Abstract: Fail-safe systems and design methodologies for large capacity battery systems are disclosed. The disclosed systems and methodologies serve to locate a faulty cell in a large capacity battery, such as a cell having an internal short circuit, determine whether the fault is evolving, and electrically isolate the faulty cell from the rest of the battery, preventing further electrical energy from feeding into the fault.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for monitoring a voltage. A level shifter is configured to generate a current proportional to the voltage of the battery cell. A delta-sigma modulator is configured to convert the current into a first density modulated bitstream representing the voltage of the battery cell. A first reference source is configured to provide a second density modulated bitstream representing a first threshold voltage. A first comparator is configured to compare the first density modulated bitstream and the second density modulated bitstream.

Abstract: A storage control unit for a storage system includes a first storage controller. The first storage controller includes: first voltage detection terminals that is connected to voltage detection lines respectively connected to first storage units, via switches; a first voltage detection circuit that is connected to each of the first voltage detection terminals and that detects a first voltage of each of the first storage units via each of the first voltage detection lines; a first voltage input terminal that a second voltage of each of second storage units that are different from the first storage units is input to; and a first voltage output terminal that is connected to the first voltage detection terminals via switches. The first voltage detection circuit is further connected to the first voltage input terminal and detects the second voltage via the first voltage input terminal.