Abstract: A plastic wavelength shifting fiber includes a core containing a fluorescent agent having a peak of a fluorescence spectrum in a wavelength range of 450 to 550 nm, and a cladding covering an outer peripheral surface of the core and has a refractive index lower than that of the core. A sum of the number of carbon and oxygen atoms of the fluorescent agent is 10 to 25, and a quantum yield QE of the fluorescent agent and an overlap parameter OL thereof defined by Formula (2) satisfy Formula (1): OL×(1?QE)<0.07??Formula (1) OL = ? i = 0 2 ? 0 ? 0 ? Abs ? ( 300 + 2 × i ) × F ? l ? u ? ( 3 ? 0 ? 0 + 2 × i ) Formula ? ( 2 ) here, Abs(300+2×i) is a relative intensity of an absorption spectrum normalized so that its peak intensity becomes 1; Flu(300+2×i) is a relative intensity of a fluorescence spectrum normalized so that its peak intensity becomes 1; and i is a variable that increases from 0 to 200 by 2 at a time.

Abstract: A system for detecting an event in an electrical infrastructure is disclosed. The system includes a plurality of monitoring stations configured to monitor signals from electrical equipment to detect one or more events associated with the electrical equipment. The monitoring stations are spaced at intervals along the electrical infrastructure. The system further includes a processor configured to analyze the detected events to obtain information regarding at least one of location, character and severity of each event associated with the electrical equipment, and output the obtained information.

Abstract: A method detects an arc fault in an electrical circuitry. The electrical circuitry includes a controller, an energy storage and a plurality of loads each connected to the energy storage via a respective load path. A current measuring device determines current measurement values describing an energy storage current is assigned to the energy storage. Voltage measuring devices for determining voltage measurement values describing a load voltage at the respective load are assigned to said loads. The current measurement values and voltage measurement values are continuously transmitted to the controller via at least one communication link.

Abstract: A battery monitoring system includes a first group of a plurality of battery cells connected in series and including a first battery cell at a highest potential and a second battery cell at a lowest potential; a second group of a plurality of battery cells connected in series and including a third battery cell at a highest potential and a fourth battery cell at a lowest potential, the second group of the battery cells being connected to the first group of the battery cells in series; and first and second semiconductor devices capable of measuring a voltage of the first group of the battery cells and a voltage of the second group of the battery cells, respectively.

Abstract: A fabrication system for fabricating IC is provided. A processing tool includes at least one electrode and a RF sensor. The electrode is configured to receive a radio frequency (RF) signal from an RF signal generator during first and second semiconductor manufacturing processes. The RF sensor wirelessly detects intensity of the RF signal. A computation device extracts statistical characteristics with a sampling rate based on the detected intensity of the RF signal. A fault detection and classification (FDC) system includes a processor. The processor is configured to determine whether or not the detected intensity of the RF signal exceeds a threshold value or a threshold range according to the extracted statistical characteristics. When the detected intensity of the RF signal exceeds the threshold value or the threshold range, the processor notifies the processing tool to adjust the RF signal or stop tool to check parts damage.

Abstract: Partial discharge detection techniques are provided. In one aspect, a method of detecting partial discharge in an electrical power system having a power electronics converter is provided. A first current signal is captured in response to a first applied voltage. A second current signal is captured in response to a second applied voltage, the second applied voltage being different than the first applied voltage. The first current signal is set as a reference signal. A difference signal is determined based on the second current signal and the reference signal. A determination is made as to whether partial discharge is present based on the difference signal. The method may iterate, and for each iteration, the reference signal is refreshed on a rolling basis as a previously captured current signal measured in response to a previously applied voltage. The applied voltage is also stepped up or down for each iteration.

Abstract: A chip-level software and hardware cooperative relay protection device is provided. The device includes: a control chip, wherein a first control unit, a second control unit, and multiple logic circuits are integrated on the control chip; and the logic circuits perform microsecond-level rapid calculation on electrical signals of a protected electrical device, obtain fault feature parameters of the protected electrical device are and transmit same to the first control unit, then perform millisecond-level real-time protection logic determination according to the fault feature parameters of the protected electrical device to obtain relay protection results of the protected electrical device, and protect the protected electrical device by controlling an external relay according to the relay protection results.

Abstract: The disclosure discloses a method and device for monitoring partial discharge. The monitoring method including: step a, connecting a monitoring circuit in parallel to both ends of a tested product, disposing a ground wire between the monitoring circuit and ground, disposing a first sensor in the monitoring circuit, and disposing a ground wire sensor on the ground wire; step b, applying an excitation signal to the tested product, acquiring a first signal through the first sensor and acquiring a ground wire signal through the ground wire sensor within a monitoring cycle; and step c, determining whether the tested product has partial discharge through the first signal and the ground wire signal. The disclosure can avoid the partial discharge monitoring device from wrongly determining an interference signal to be a partial discharge signal, enhance anti-interference capability of the partial discharge monitoring device, and improve monitoring accuracy.

Abstract: An arc detection device includes: a low-impedance circuit connected between a node on wiring connecting the positive electrode of a DC/DC converter and a plurality of DC/DC converters, extending from the positive electrode of the DC/DC converter, and branching toward the plurality of DC/DC converters and a node on wiring connecting the negative electrode of the DC/DC converter and the plurality of DC/DC converters, extending from the negative electrode of the DC/DC converter, and branching toward the plurality of DC/DC converters; an electric current detector that detects an electric current flowing through the low-impedance circuit; and an arc determiner that determines, on the basis of the electric current detected by the electric current detector whether an electric arc has occurred.

Abstract: Events relevant for the service life are recorded for calculating the remaining service life of a switch. Events relevant for the service life are evaluated with respect to the frequency of their occurrence. The possibility of a future occurrence for the service life of relevant events is taken into account or not taken into account in accordance with the frequency of their occurrence for calculating the remaining service life.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a detection apparatus includes a pair of conductors configured to detect an electromagnetic wave occurring due to a discharge phenomenon in a target apparatus, wherein the pair of conductors are arranged in a near field region of the target apparatus in which the electromagnetic wave occurs.

Abstract: The invention relates to a test device (1) for testing the insulation of an electrical line (2), in particular a cable or a cable harness, for detecting error points in the insulation of the electrical line (2). The test device (1) comprises a scalable, evacuable chamber (3) for completely accommodating the electrical line (2) to be tested, wherein at least one electrical connection point (6), preferably in the form of a plug device part, for connecting the electrical line (2) to be tested is arranged inside the chamber (3) and an electrical feedthrough (7) leads from the connection point (6) out of the chamber (3).

Abstract: Some embodiments of this disclosure provide a method performed by one or more transmission points, TRPs, for communicating with a user equipment, UE. In some embodiments, the method includes: using a first transmit, TX, beam to communicate with the UE; receiving, from the UE, information indicating that the UE has determined that the first TX beam has experienced a beam failure; and after the information is received, using a second TX beam to communicate with the UE.

Abstract: An arc-flash sensor may provide flexibilities for supporting both surface mounting and peek-through mounting on a panel (e.g., a wall panel or an electrical panel). The arc-flash sensor includes a translucent optical lens, a fiber-optic cable, and a skirt around the back side of the optical lens. The translucent optical lens diffuses the light produced in an arc flash to enhance the detectability of light signals picked by the fiber-optic cable. The fiber-optic cable enters parallel to the panel and perpendicular to principal axis of the optical lens. The parallel fiber-optic cable configuration reduces sensor installation space occupied and potential damage to the sensor. The skirt is used to prevent false tripping caused by unexpected events on the fiber-optic cable side such as camera flashes, lightning, sunlight, or the like.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a detection apparatus includes a pair of conductors configured to detect an electromagnetic wave occurring due to a discharge phenomenon in a target apparatus, wherein the pair of conductors are arranged in a near field region of the target apparatus in which the electromagnetic wave occurs.

Abstract: A partial discharge (PD) detection apparatus for gas-insulated equipment includes a photon collector, an optical splitter, a first photoelectric conversion module, an ultraviolet fluorescent crystal, a second photoelectric conversion module, and a signal processing module, where the ultraviolet fluorescent crystal is configured to convert a second optical radiation signal into an optical radiation signal of an ultraviolet fluorescence band, and the signal processing module is configured to calculate first apparent intensity based on a first voltage signal output by the first photoelectric conversion module, calculate second apparent intensity based on a second voltage signal output by the second photoelectric conversion module, and determine discharge intensity of the optical radiation based on a ratio of the second apparent intensity to the first apparent intensity. Technical solutions of the present disclosure are not affected by an unknown distance between a discharge position and a detection point.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method, a device (10) and an arrangement (1) for monitoring alternating current electric apparatuses (3), like e.g. power distribution transformers. The inventive method relies on an inductor antenna (11, 11?) suitable to detect the electromagnetic field at the frequency of the alternating current the apparatus (3) to be monitored is supplied with arranged in the vicinity of but distant to the apparatus (3) to be monitored and comprises the steps: —Detecting the electromagnetic field radiated by the electric apparatus (3) to be monitored; —Digitizing the detected electromagnetic field to obtain EMF-data; —Running a Fast-Fourier-Transformation on the digitized EMF-data to obtain FFT-transformed data; and —Monitoring the magnitudes of the FFT-transformed data at least at the frequency of the alternating current the apparatus (3) to be monitored is supplied with and its third harmonic for anomalies.

Abstract: A second transmission path coupler has such a size that a signal width of a first signal that is generated by the second transmission path coupler at timings corresponding to a rising edge and a falling edge of an input signal to be input to a first transmission path coupler in a case where the input signal is transmitted to a position at which the first transmission path coupler and the second transmission path coupler perform an electric field and/or magnetic field coupling is substantially equal to or greater than a difference in a transmission delay amount corresponding to a gap of the first transmission path coupler.

Abstract: A battery monitoring system includes a plurality of battery cells connected in series; a cell voltage measurement circuit for measuring a voltage of the battery cells; a first terminal connected to the cell voltage measurement circuit; a second terminal isolated from the cell voltage measurement circuit; a plurality of protection elements each corresponding to each of the battery cells; and a protection circuit connected to the second terminal for discharging an electric current from the protection elements through the second terminal.

Abstract: An active probe and a method for measuring space charge distribution of polymer are provided. The active probe includes a case, electric pulse transmission unit, piezoelectric ceramic sheet, quartz glass block and signal-extracting aluminum block. An outer surface of the quartz glass block is adhered with a conductive material in contact with the case. An anode of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet is connected to the electric pulse transmission unit, and a cathode of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet is connected to the conductive material on the outer surface of the quartz glass block. The signal-extracting aluminum block is respectively connected with the quartz glass block and the measured signal extraction unit.

Abstract: Effective feature set-based high impedance fault (HIF) detection is provided. Systems, methods and devices described herein present a systematic design of power feature extraction for HIF detection and classification. For example, power features associated with HIF events are extracted according to when a fault happens, how long it lasts, and the magnitude of the fault. Complementary power expert information is also integrated into feature pools. In another aspect, a ranking procedure is deployed in a feature pool for balancing information gain and complexity in order to avoid over-fitting of features. In aspects described herein, a logic-based HIF detector implements HIF feature extraction. To determine when an HIF occurs, the HIF detector calculates different quantities, such as active power and reactive power, based on a voltage and current time series, and uses the derivative of these quantities to tell when there is a potential change due to HIF.

Abstract: A partial discharge detection apparatus for detecting partial discharge in a power cable and recognizing an insulation deterioration state of the power cable. A low-speed AD converter converts an analog signal of an AC waveform flowing through a power cable into a digital signal. A high-speed AD converter converts an analog signal of a partial discharge current into a digital signal. The partial discharge is detected based on the maximum value or the sum of a current value obtained from the digital signal of the partial discharge current obtained by the conversion of the high-speed AD converter, for each phase of the AC waveform, which is obtained from the digital signal of the AC waveform flowing in the power cable. The digital signal is obtained by the conversion of the low-speed AD converter.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for detecting an electrical discharge in an electrical apparatus. The method includes sensing an electromagnetic wave using an electrical sensor and generating an electric signal for a predetermined time period, sensing an acoustic wave using an acoustic sensor and generating an acoustic signal for the predetermined time period. The acoustic sensor is associated with at least one compartment of the electrical apparatus. Electrical data is generated based on a quasi-periodic characteristic of electric peak sequences of the electrical signal. Acoustic data is generated based on a quasi-periodic characteristic of acoustic peak sequences of the acoustic signal, wherein the electrical data is combined with the acoustic data to provide an operation status of the at least one compartment.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an insulation diagnostic system comprising: a peak-value acquisition circuit configured to acquire at least one peak value of a section corresponding to local discharge of a voltage signal acquired by at least one sensor that detects the voltage signal in a non-contact manner; a function acquisition circuit configured to acquire a calculation function for calculating charge amount related to the discharge based on at least two peak values acquired from the voltage signal that is detected by the sensor by applying a test voltage to a rotating electrical machine while the rotating electrical machine is stopped; and a charge-amount calculation circuit configured to calculate the charge amount related to partial discharge of the rotating electrical machine based on the calculation function and the peak value obtained from the voltage signal that is detected by the sensor during operation of the rotating electrical machine.

Abstract: The present document discloses a camera device comprising a camera sensor, a wireless communication unit configured to receive a wireless communication signal from an external device, a rotating body configured to be rotated together with the camera sensor and the wireless communication unit, a rotation driving unit configured to rotate the rotating body, a wireless power transmitter configured to transfer wireless powers to the external device, and a control unit configured to rotate the rotating body in a panning direction by the rotation driving unit, estimate direction information of the external device at least partially based on a change of a received signal strength of a wireless communication signal caused by the rotation of the rotating body, determine a transmission direction of a wireless power signal for the external device based on the direction information of the external device, and transmit the wireless power signal in the transmission direction.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an insulation monitoring device applied to a power system and a power system. The power system includes at least one power electronic converter module. The insulation monitoring device includes an insulation component, a signal source, an impedance module, and a monitoring module. The insulation component at least partially wraps around the power electronic converter module. The signal source is electrically coupled to a circuit node in the power electronic converter module, the impedance module is connected between the signal source and the insulation component, and the monitoring module is configured to monitor an insulation resistance value of the insulation component, so that an insulation state of the power electronic converter module may be determined.

Abstract: A second transmission path coupler has such a size that a signal width of a first signal that is generated by the second transmission path coupler at timings corresponding to a rising edge and a falling edge of an input signal to be input to a first transmission path coupler in a case where the input signal is transmitted to a position at which the first transmission path coupler and the second transmission path coupler perform an electric field and/or magnetic field coupling is substantially equal to or greater than a difference in a transmission delay amount corresponding to a gap of the first transmission path coupler.

Abstract: A wireless transmission system includes a first transmission line coupler including a pair of signal lines for differential signal transmission with a first end of each signal line connected to a reception unit and another end of each signal line connected to a termination resistor; a second transmission line coupler being shorter than the first transmission line coupler and contactlessly facing the first transmission line coupler to communicate an electric signal with the first transmission line coupler using electric field and/or magnetic field coupling; and a metal plate covering at least a part of a portion of the first transmission line coupler that does not face the second transmission line coupler.

Abstract: The system described here includes a unique and versatile evaluation method or process invented by the present author. For the sake of this description we will call any entity capable of performing the process an evaluator. The evaluator is an essential part of the system described here. Sometimes such an evaluator is referred to as a visualizer and the evaluation process is referred to as visualization. This is because the process can be set to enable an evaluator to use available data to synthesize evaluative conclusions that appear to consider a subject, including information about both the subject itself as well as other aspects of this subject's environment to alert evaluator and subject of that which warrants attention.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for detecting a partial discharge produced at a discharge site in electrical equipment or accessories are provided. The apparatus includes two sensors having an operating range below 30 Megahertz, between 5 and 30 Megahertz, between 14 and 20 Megahertz, or centered at 18 Megahertz. The apparatus includes an acquisition module, a processor and an alarm module producing an alarm upon detection of a partial discharge in the electrical equipment or accessories. The method includes detecting magnetic fields with the sensors, generating and receiving two signals and producing a resulting signal by processing the two signals. The processor is configured to issue alarm instructions if the resulting signal exhibits a property representative of a detection of the partial discharge and otherwise remain in a standby state (ready for signal detection). The method includes generating an alarm after issuing the alarm instructions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a monitoring device for monitoring catenary-pantograph interaction in a railway vehicle (100) comprising a frequency-tunable radio receiver module (2) with its associated antenna (1) for the reception of radio signals (500) emitted by pantograph-catenary interaction in the radio frequency and microwave bands; and a control module (4) for detecting electric arcs (400) in the radio signal (500) received by the radio receiver (2) within at least one of the tuned bands. Information about the detected arcs (400) can be stored in the storage module (3) and used to generate records and/or alarms sent by a communication module (6). The radio receiver module (2) can be accompanied, in an input-output module (9) to facilitate pantograph monitoring and maintenance, by a pantograph current measurement module (8) and an odometry and positioning module (7) to obtain the position and speed of the vehicle.

Abstract: A statistical method is described to interpret partial discharge (PD) measurement data from rotating machines for the maintenance personnel. Cumulative damage to the electrical insulation caused by PD during an observation time window is estimated using multiple PD sensors strategically distributed along the entire length of the machine winding. The damage thus estimated is compared against a reference value based on the annual averages of similar machines to determine if maintenance action is needed and how soon, if required. A method is also described to track the electrical insulation's overall condition and generate real-time health status alerts continuously and reliably.

Abstract: A method and device for determining partial discharge in an electrical insulation system of a medium- or high voltage apparatus, the method and apparatus including: detecting, with a sensing unit, an electrical signal that comprises partial discharge pulses due to dielectric breakdowns in the electrical insulation system of the medium- or high voltage apparatus; generating an in-phase and a quadrature-signal from the electrical signal comprising the partial discharge pulses in an I/Q-mixer unit by mixing the electrical signal including the partial discharge pulses with two local oscillator signals having the same frequency and a phase difference of 90°; filtering each of the in-phase and the quadrature signals with a low-pass filter; processing the filtered in-phase and the quadrature signals in a processing unit with a low-frequency Analog-Digital converter to obtain digital signals representing an in-phase and a quadrature value.

Abstract: Disclosed are a power interruption method and a power interruption device based on power phase measurement and arc detection and a method thereof and disclosed are a power interruption method and a power interruption device which accurately determine, when a value measured by a current transformer (CT), a voltage detector, etc., is input into the main control unit, whether the measured value is a value equal to or more than a predetermined threshold through a comparison between phases of voltage and current to effectively prepare for a disaster such as preventing fire or protecting a subsequent circuit by a rapid and accurate power interruption by arc at a load side.

Abstract: A method for electrical arc detection in an electrical connection between an electric meter and a socket is provided. The method may include receiving a vibration signal from a vibration sensor and an arc detection signal from an arc detector. The vibration signal may be correlated in time with the arc detection signal. An electrical arc may be detected based on the correlating the vibration signal with the arc detection signal.

Abstract: A method for detecting partial discharges of an electrical operating device, wherein electromagnetic signals are captured at different positions of the operating device in a decentralized manner by a plurality of sensor apparatuses, where a sinusoidal phase progression is centrally determined for a voltage by a voltage-measuring assembly, and at least one phase point characterizing the phase progression is provided, and the electromagnetic signals are each provided with a time stamp, and a partial discharge signal is determined in each of the electromagnetic signals, and the at least one time stamp of the characterizing phase point and the time stamps of the partial discharge signals are taken into consideration by an evaluation assembly in a superposition of the sinusoidal phase progression with the partial discharge signals. An assembly detects partial discharges of an electrical operating device by the method.

Abstract: A fault-arc identification unit for an electric circuit, includes at least one voltage sensor, for the periodic determination of electric voltage values; and at least one current sensor, for the periodic determination of electric current variables of the circuit. Both sensors are connected to an evaluation unit, designed such that: electric voltage values are fed to a first fault-arc identification function which carries out a first fault-arc identification based upon a signal profile of the voltage, and emits a first fault-arc identification signal upon a first threshold value being exceeded; electric voltage values and current variables are fed to a second fault-arc identification function which carries out a second fault-arc identification based upon the voltage values and current variables, and emits a second fault-arc identification signal upon a second threshold value being exceeded.

Abstract: A method and a device for detecting arcs includes current values for each component connected to a node being read-in, the node current and the system current determined using the current values, a correlation factor determined for each current value with the node current as quotient from node current and the respective current value, the individual quotients filtered in order to determine a correction factor for each current value, a corrected node-current equation established, wherein each current value is linked to the correction factor previously determined, in order to determine a corrected value of the node evaluation, and finally a trigger threshold is set using the corrected node-current equation.

Abstract: A testing apparatus and a method for detecting insulation resistance of an unshielded high voltage line are provided. The testing apparatus has a voltage source for providing a measurement voltage for the high voltage line, an accommodating device for accommodating the high voltage line and for connecting the high voltage line to the voltage source, an insulation tester for detecting the insulation resistance on the basis of the measurement of a leakage current via the insulating sheath, two electrically conductive half shells which, when combined, form hollow cylindrical sheathing for the high voltage line, and two contact probes which can be electrically connected to the sheathing and to an inner conductor of the high voltage line. The insulation tester is designed to measure a current between the contact probes as the leakage current.

Abstract: Example embodiments of the invention include a powdered core bead body configured to become an inductive impedance to current signals with high frequencies in a power wire threaded through the powdered core bead body. The signals are detectable by a high frequency voltage sensor that is configured to output an arc fault tripping indication to an arc fault tripping circuit in response to an occurrence of high frequency current signals in the power wire.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods of detecting discharge events on power lines. For example, a system may include an acoustic sensor that detects a sound wave emitted from a power line. The system may include a radio frequency (RF) sensor that detects a radio wave emitted from the power line. The system may include electrical sensor circuitry that detects an electrical parameter of power being delivered on the power line. The system may include a processor that determines that a discharge event has occurred based on the sound wave, the radio wave, and the electrical characteristic. The system may provide an output signal indicating that the partial discharge event has occurred.

Abstract: A sensor device for detecting voltage in a conductor cable includes a sense electrode to be disposed over a surface of the conductor cable to cover a sense region having a sense axial width and a sense circumferential length and a reference electrode to be disposed over the surface of the conductor cable to cover a reference region. The reference region has an axial position adjacent the axial position of the sense region and has a reference circumferential length greater than the sense circumferential length. The sensor device further includes a charge measurement circuit connected in series between the sense electrode and the reference electrode to measure a charge measurement and circuitry to compare the charge measurement to a threshold to detect a presence of the voltage in the conductor cable.

Abstract: Techniques for determining whether a downed conductor is present in an electrical power distribution network that includes a neutral line and a plurality of energized conductors are disclosed. For example, a sampled neutral current signal is received, the sampled current signal including a plurality of values, each of the values representing an amplitude of current that flows in of the neutral conductor at a particular time; an unfiltered current signal is generated based on the sampled current signal; the sampled current signal is filtered to generate a filtered current signal; the unfiltered current signal and the filtered current signal are compared to generate an error signal; and the error signal is analyzed to determine whether at least one of the plurality of conductors is a downed conductor.

Abstract: An input error detection device can detect an input error based on input values input in the past and the trend of values from the view point of the whole of a control program. In order to detect an error in inputting a value used to control a manufacturing machine, the input error detection device is provided with a histogram creation unit configured to create a histogram, based on a set of values used to control the manufacturing machine, and a determination unit configured, based on the histogram, to determine input errors of the values used to control the manufacturing machine.

Abstract: A battery monitoring system includes a plurality of battery cells connected in series; a cell voltage measurement circuit for measuring a voltage of the battery cells; a first terminal connected to the cell voltage measurement circuit; a second terminal isolated from the cell voltage measurement circuit; a plurality of protection elements each corresponding to each of the battery cells; and a protection circuit connected to the second terminal for discharging an electric current from the protection elements through the second terminal.

Abstract: Methods and systems capable of launching signal-carrying transverse electromagnetic waves onto a transmission line in the higher voltage region of the transmission distribution network. Such methods and systems may include a surface wave launcher located in the higher voltage region, a network unit located in a lower voltage region, and an arrester separating the surface wave launcher and the network unit, the arrester preventing voltage from arcing over from the higher voltage region to the lower voltage region where the arrester provides the signal to the surface wave launcher.

Abstract: A system for identifying an arc fault in a wire, the system comprising a controller operably connected to a first load via first wire; the controller configured to supply a current to the first load, wherein the controller is operable to measure and filter the first voltage on the first wire with a bandpass filter having a selected pass band to select and retain spectral content, amplify the retained spectral content, and identify an envelope of the amplified retained spectral content. The controller also operable to measure a first current in the first wire and correlate changes in the first current with a characteristic of the amplified retained spectral content to identify an arc fault, wherein the characteristic includes a buffered envelope as a signal indicative of the amount of energy in the selected passband frequency range.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to systems and methods that automatically detects static content within a media item. While consuming a media item, such as a movie, a user might notice, unexpectedly, that a portion of the movie does not change resulting in a poor user experience. By dividing the media item into portions and analyzing the portions, the systems and methods described can automatically detect the static content and, in some instances, correct the static content.

Abstract: An electronic protection device for a LV electric line including one or more conductors, comprising: one or more pairs of electric contacts adapted to be electrically connected with corresponding conductors of the electric line, the electric contacts being operatively coupleable or decoupleable from one another; and a control unit adapted to control the operation of the electronic protection device; wherein the control unit includes an electronic arrangement to detect and determine arc fault conditions in the electric line.

Abstract: Various implementations described herein are directed to a methods and apparatuses for disconnecting, by a device, elements at certain parts of an electrical system. The method may include measuring operational parameters at certain locations within the system and/or receiving messages from control devices indicating a potentially unsafe condition, disconnecting and/or short-circuiting system elements in response, and reconnection the system elements when it is safe to do so. Certain embodiments relate to methods and apparatuses for providing operational power to safety switches during different modes of system operation.