Abstract: Networked utility services handle data-flow in a system to operate electrical vehicle charging stations. In an example, first and second utility companies may operate in first and second respective areas. A user may have a residence in the first area and may have an electric vehicle at a vehicle charging station in the second area. The user may provide identification at the vehicle charging station in the second area, and the user's vehicle may be charged at that location using electricity from the second utility. Data including the user's identification and the electricity consumed in the charging may be sent to the first utility serving the area including the user's residence. The first utility may bill the user for the electricity used to charge the user's vehicle at the remote vehicle charging station. The charging station, both utilities and/or other parties may share in the receipts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method capable of calculating insulation resistances and parasitic capacitances of a battery outside the battery. In the present invention, when a positive electrode connector and a negative electrode connector are coupled to a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal of the battery, respectively, and a ground connector is coupled to a case of the battery, even though the battery is positioned inside a chamber in order to perform a temperature test or the like of the battery, the insulation resistances and the parasitic capacitances of the battery may be calculated without needing to move the battery to the outside of the chamber. Accordingly, the insulation resistances and the parasitic capacitances of the battery may be conveniently calculated.

Abstract: A digital coin timepiece that generates a tactile presentation which indicates elapsed time including a body member that includes a tactilely readable display surface that provides haptic feedback comprising first vibrations in a first location on the display surface when the tactilely readable display surface is touched by a user, with the first vibrations providing haptic feedback representing an actual minute or elapsed minutes so that the user can determine the actual or approximate time without having to view the display surface.

Abstract: Technologies for detecting abnormal activities in an electric vehicle charging station include an apparatus. The apparatus includes circuitry configured determine a cyber security threat level for the charging station in which the electric vehicle charger is located. Additionally, the circuitry is configured to perform, as a function of the determined cyber security threat level, a responsive action to protect the charging station from a cyber security threat.

Abstract: An oscilloscope comprises a processing module or circuit and at least a first channel and a second channel. The first channel comprises a digitizer configured to receive an analog input signal and to provide a time and amplitude discrete representation of the input signal to the processing module. The second channel comprises a phase digitizer configured to receive a reference signal and to provide a time discrete representation of the phase of the reference signal to the processing module. The processing module is configured to process both the time and amplitude discrete representation of the input signal and the time discrete representation of the face of the reference signal.

Abstract: An indication device is provided. The indication device includes an elongated fluid chamber containing at least one electrically conductive liquid driven by a pump for conductive liquids and an immiscible, relatively non-conductive fluid. At least one segment of at least one fluid is used as an indicator. This segment is driven by the pump along adjacent indices of an indicator visible to an observer using a meniscus location sensor and a feedback controller so as to e.g indicate a quantity to the observer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a shot counter for a firearm, which comprises a first magnetic pole, a second magnetic pole, and a coil. The first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole have a polarization opposite to each other. The first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole are configured to pass in response to a fired shot the coil one after the other along the track and to induce in the coil a voltage.

Abstract: An connecting structure of an electromagnetic valve includes: a first connecting structure body that prohibits a relative movement between a hydraulic pressure circuit body and an electromagnetic valve in an axis line direction; a second connecting structure body that prohibits a relative movement therebetween in a plane orthogonal to the axis line direction; a third connecting structure body that prohibits a relative rotation about the axis therebetween; and a connection body that is prohibited from moving relatively to the hydraulic pressure circuit body, wherein the first connecting structure body includes a first target connection tool that is provided in an accommodation body and a first connection tool that locks the first target connection tool in the axis line direction at a wall portion constituting an accommodation space.

Abstract: A weapons system comprises a firearm, one or more sensors on an interior or exterior portion of the firearm configured to detect a motion or location of a moving part of the firearm relative to the sensor, a microprocessor configured to detect a signal sent by the one or more sensors and determine a status of the firearm, and a display in communication with the microprocessor configured to display information relating to the status of the firearm.

Abstract: An automated validation system validates whether a property of a policyholder receiving at least one insurance benefit is currently receiving remote monitoring services, as represented by the policyholder. The system includes an application server, a trusted third party server, and a business logic computer. The application server requests the trusted third party server to validate whether the property of the policyholder is presently receiving remote monitoring services from a service provider. A business logic computer can adjust the policyholder's insurance policy based on the received validation results.

Abstract: Counting device designed to determine the number of shots and cartridges in a weapon, which comprises an activator sensor (11) that supplies an activation signal to a processor (12) in response to a mechanical impulse; the processor (12) in turn supplies a counting-initiation signal to a counting sensor (13) that supplies at least two counting signals offset by a predetermined period of time to the processor (12).

Abstract: The light-emitting device 1 has electrode means 30, which includes cathode terminal 31 generally in the form of a cylinder having openings 311, 317 at its ends, and anode terminal 32 generally in the form of a pin capable of being arranged in the cathode terminal 31. The cathode terminal 31, anode terminal 32, and LED 20 are arranged concentrically.

Abstract: The electrolytic capacitor has an insulating casing, at least one capacitor element and multiple external terminals. The casing has multiple through holes and mounting protrusions. The at least one capacitor element is mounted in the casing and has multiple inner conductive pins connecting to a coil. Each external terminal is attached to a bottom panel of the insulating casing, connects to a corresponding inner conductive pin and has a main body, a connecting portion and two fixing portions. The connecting portion is formed on and extends from a side of the main body and has a conducting hole attached to a corresponding conductive pin. The fixing portions respectively extend from two ends of the main body and engage with the mounting protrusions. Each external terminal provides a soldering surface being flat and having large soldering area, therefore the electrolytic capacitor can be firmly soldered on a circuit board.

Abstract: A method of determining a stratification of an electrolyte in an active mass of positive electrode plates in rechargeable batteries includes determining a variation of at least one of a charging current and a charging voltage of the rechargeable battery occurring during charging of the rechargeable battery; and detecting a stratification of the electrolyte from an increased charging current consumption in the rechargeable battery as compared to an identical rechargeable battery without stratification when there is a fixed charging voltage variation or a reduced charging voltage when there is a fixed charging current variation.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a system and method of characterizing the integrity of a barrier structure. The barrier structure is an interconnect comprising a porous dielectric layer sandwiched between at least one barrier layer and at least one conducting layer. The method of characterizing the integrity of such an interconnect includes providing an interconnect, infiltrating the interconnect with a solution comprising electrolytes, applying an external bias to the infiltrated interconnect, and characterizing the integrity of the interconnect after application of the external bias.

Abstract: Improvements to the electrical sensing zone instrument are described that allow the good accuracy of this type of instrument to be applied to the measurement of the size of particles of carbon black. The improvements include a concentrated aqueous electrolyte containing KI or NaI, a surfactant soluble in the electrolyte capable of dispersing particles of carbon black, and an anode electrode that is made of silver at the surface touching the electrolyte. The silver anode electrode prevents the degradation of the electrolyte by light and electrolysis.

Abstract: The invention relates to an inductively operating sensor (1) for measuring the electrical conductivity of a fluid medium (2), having an excitation coil (3) to which an input signal is fed and a receiver coil (4) coupled to the excitation coil (3) via the fluid medium (2), the receiver coil (4) providing an output signal (Iind) which is a measurement of the conductivity of the fluid medium (2). The sensor (1) has means (5) for measuring a variable signal at the input of the excitation coil (3) for timely detection of damage to the windings of the excitation coil (3), the receiver coil (4), and/or to a power cable network for the sensor (1). The excitation coil (3) of the sensor is preferably fed by an input voltage (UErr) and the means (5) for measuring the variable signal preferably measure the input current (IErr) at the input of the excitation coil (3).

Abstract: Self-calibration of a digitizer is carried out by using a square-wave test signal which is digitized by the digitizer, and temporal positions of the digitized values output by the digitizer are compared to respective reference periods of the test signal. The results of the comparison operations are then used by a microprocessor to calculate a time delay for adjusting a clock signal supplied to the digitizer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a rapid coulometric analysis for the quantitative determination of a sample substance with high reproducibility without any application of voltage etc. from the outside, as well as a galvanic cell and a device for use in said coulometric analysis. According to the present invention, a wide variety of components can be analyzed by selection of electroactive substance introduced into the galvanic cell. The present invention enables a simple and easy analysis for food components such as glutamic acid, ascorbic acid, etc., water quality such as COD, etc.

Abstract: The present invention provides a rapid coulometric analysis for the quantitative determination of a sample substance wherein the coulometric analysis has high reproducibility without any application of voltage, etc., from an outside source, as well as a galvanic cell and a device for use in said coulometric analysis. According to the present invention, a wide variety of components can be analyzed by selection of electroactive substance introduced into the galvanic cell. The present invention enables a simple and easy analysis for food components such as glutamic acid, ascorbic acid, etc., water quality such as COD, etc.

Abstract: A waveguide and pressure barrier for use with devices for measuring fluid parameters of fluids passing in a pipe under high temperature and pressure conditions and utilizing microwave energy for making the measurements, the device including a pair of substantially identical members adapted to be mounted in spaced opposition on the pipe. Each member has an axial bore with a transverse bore for receiving a microwave antenna. The axial bore is substantially filled with a ceramic glass material providing the pressure and temperature barrier.

Abstract: The invention relates to measuring apparatus for measuring the real load factor on an electricity source delivering an AC current to a consumer appliance, said apparatus comprising:a current sensor supplying a signal that is continuously proportional to the current delivered by the source;a rectifier circuit receiving said signal and supplying a rectified signal;a peak detector circuit receiving the rectified signal and extracting therefrom the peak value, which peak value can be read on an indicator; andcalibration means enabling the measuring apparatus to be set so that the peak value indicator displays 100% when the measured peak value of the AC current reaches the specified maximum level.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell includes a metallic anode electrode and a metallic athode electrode substantially immersed in an electrolyte. As charge or current is passed through the cell from the anode electrode to the cathode electrode, the anode electrode is consumed and the cathode electrode plated, causing the resistance therebetween to change. The change in resistance provides a measure f or both the total charge passed through the cell over an interval of time, and for the total time charge flowed through the cell over an interval of time between resistance measurements.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an antidegradant system comprised of (A) an antidegradant selected from the group consisting of phenolic antidegradants, amine antidegradants and mixtures thereof; and (B) a unique polymerizable synergist. In addition, there is disclosed a stabilized polymer comprising (A) a polymer selected from the group consisting of (1) homopolymers and copolymers of monoolefins; (2) natural rubber; and (3) synthetic rubber derived from a diene monomer; (B) from about 0.05 to about 10 parts by weight based upon 100 parts of polymer of an antidegradant selected from the group consisting of phenolic antidegradants, amine antidegradants and mixtures thereof; and (C) from about 0.05 to about 20 parts by weight based upon 100 parts of polymer of a unique polymerizable aromatic sulfide synergist.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for measuring power density in an energized volume of water using either a measurement of voltage gradient or current density for use in determining optimal electrical power parameters for electrofishing, in-water electroshocking, electrical barrier control and the like. Specific probes for either measurement are disclosed. A calculator or programmed microprocessor receives measurements of current density or voltage gradient and water conductivity at a selected location within an energized liquid body and performs the mathematical operations necessary to calculate power density. Values on a graph of water conductivity, current density, voltage density and power density are used to determine how much electrical power to apply to a specific organism in a specific volume of liquid.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for triggering and measuring electrochemiluminescent phenomena using a voltage waveform applied at the voltammetric working electrode which improves the precision and accuracy of measurements. This waveform has a decreasing scan rate in the range of voltages for which electrochemiluminescence is triggered and is substantially sinusoidal in shape in this range. The waveform results from locating the reference electrode of a potentiostat in close potential proximity to its counter electrode, and applying a uniform scanning voltage waveform at the reference electrode. The waveform also can be synthesized digitally, converted to analog form, and applied directly to the working electrode with the reference electrode in close potential proximity to the working electrode.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell for an actinometer, constituted by a glass vessel having a glass filter extending across the central portion thereof and forming a separator wall dividing the vessel into two side by side chambers. A body of mercury is provided in the bottom of one chamber and a platinum wire extends into the body of mercury for forming an anode for the cell. A carbon plate is mounted in the other chamber spaced from the separator wall and has a hole extending thereinto from the top, and mercury substantially fills the hole, and a further platinum wire extends into this mercury for forming a cathode for the cell. A glass tube extends downwardly from the other chamber for collecting precipitated mercury therein during operation of the cell, and an electrolyte fills the tube and the chambers and extends to a level just above the upper end of the carbon plate.

Abstract: An electronic sensor circuit is provided which generates predetermined frequencies corresponding to the resultant force vector of the gravitational and inertial forces. There is further provided electronic circuit means for generating an audible response which increases in intensity in correspondence with the magnitude of the deviation of the force vector from a defined datum. In the preferred embodiment an electrolytic transducer is used to sense gravitational and inertial forces and a phase detection circuit is provided to monitor the output and control the input generator for selection of a frequency corresponding to the deviation occurring.

Abstract: There is provided a method for measuring a parameter whose value is calculable as an integral with time of a function of at least one variable so as to make possible the use of a microprocessor when measurements of such variables are desired. The variable is sampled periodically at a frequency asynchronous with the wave form which the variable follows and then there is periodically calculated the value of the function by summing the values for the function determined by the samples taken during the time between the calculations, thus determining the desired integral.

Abstract: A coulometric device for performing integration or timing functions with precise end-state detection comprises a coulometer; serially connected to the coulometer, a source of pulsed d.c. current representative of one or more quantities to be integrated; and a pulse height discriminator for detecting a reduction in the voltage drop across the coulometer. One variable to be integrated can vary either the duty cycle of the pulsed d.c. current source or the peak current, and the product of two variables can be time-integrated by using one variable to vary the duty cycle and the other to vary the peak current.

Abstract: An electrochemical potential memory device comprising two electrodes containing an Ag.sub.2 Se-Ag.sub.3 PO.sub.4 solid solution, and an aqueous or non-aqueous electrolyte containing Ag.sup.+ ion.

Abstract: An integrator system is disclosed which incorporates a feedback control loop to vary the linearity of the integrator's response. In the preferred embodiment an electrochemical coulometer is used which stores the integral of a current that is passed through it. Control is achieved by feeding back a control signal from the integrating circuit output to vary the rate at which current is passed through the coulometer.

Abstract: An elapsed time indicator includes an electrolytic timing cell in series connection with a resistor, which series circuit may be connected to a D.C. voltage. The cell is comprised of an aluminum can containing a liquid electrolyte with an aluminum anode immersed therein. During operation an aluminum oxide film is grown on the surfaces of the anode, the film thickness and resistance increasing with time. The voltage dropped across the cell of any instant is employed as an indication of the accumulated elapsed time during which the D.C. voltage has been connected to the circuit.

Abstract: A device for the coulometric measurement of the thickness of thin metal layers of different material on a base has switch-over devices permitting switching to the measurement problem at hand and an electrolytic switch-over device. Accessible from the outside of the device, a first plug section, coupling electrical lines, is provided. Second plug sections having a shape necessarily resulting in correct plugging can be selectively plugged into the first plug section. The second plug section mounts electrical circuit elements of values pertaining to a separate measurement problem, which elements are connected to the plug contacts.

Abstract: A coulometric timing system having a source of supply with a coulometric timing circuit coupled to a cathode and an anode terminal of a coulometric cell for providing current flow for the electrolytic erosion of the anode filament. An LED is coupled in series circuit with the filament. Regulating diode means is coupled in parallel with the series circuit and to the source of supply for extinguishing the LED when the filament opens.

Abstract: This disclosure pertains to an inexpensive watt hour meter apparatus comprising a line cord supplying household energy to an inexpensive energy consuming measuring apparatus employing a coulombmeter in series with a conventional utility outlet socket. A bridge rectifier circuit converts the alternating current to direct current to operate the coulombmeter. One embodiment permits the coulombmeter, having ferrule-like ends, to be reversed mechanically upon completing a measurement so that the interstitial electrolyte solution will, upon a new measurement, move in the opposite direction. Two scales are provided reading in opposite directions to facilitate simple readout of the consumed energy. A second embodiment provides a reversing switch, eliminating the need to physically interchange ends of the coulombmeter.

Abstract: Solid electrolytes including a lithium halide and a controlled amount of water provide materials having adequate ionic conductivity and low electronic conductivity so as to be useful in solid state electrochemical devices such as electric cells, timers, capacitors, coulometers and rechargeable batteries. In a preferred embodiment, the solid electrolyte further includes a third component such as a high surface area oxide, silica, alumina or mixtures thereof being preferred.

Abstract: An electrochemical elapsed time meter indicator with round counter circui for a gun to indicate past usage whereby maintenance and repair or replacement procedures will insure greater reliability in critical field use. The meter, working on an electroplating principle as a function of current and time, may be activated by gun use such as by a switch on the gun trigger, an inductance or piezoelectric transducer in the buffer, a recoil operated microswitch or as part of the circuit in externally powered guns. The meter preferably is color coded to indicate weapon condition, area of use, and replacement or maintenance required.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for reading a coulometer by sensing the temperature of the electrolyte. A preferred embodiment comprises a pair of temperature sensitive elements spaced apart along the coulometer and connected to a bridge circuit.

Abstract: Systems are disclosed for reading the integral stored in a coulometer by sensing the thermal properties of the electrolyte. A preferred embodiment comprises at least one temperature sensitive element and a heat source placed adjacent the coulometer positioned in such a manner with respect to each other that the heat conduction path extends through a portion of the coulometer. The thermal conductivity of the path is changed by the migration of the electrolyte into that portion of the coulometer that includes the conduction path.

Abstract: A watt-hour counter for supplying electrical energy at a remote location from an external power source having a housing with a connection to an external source of electrical power, at least one electrical output mounted externally in the housing and a current measuring means serially connected between the external power source and the electrical output, for producing an output potential proportional to the current at the electrical output. A rechargeable coulometer is coupled to the output of the current measuring means, so that the current sensing means removes a predetermined magnitude of charge from the coulometer proportional to the ampere-seconds used in the external power lines. There is also a charging circuit coupled to the coulometer for charging the coulometer with a predetermined charge, and a switch means serially connected between the external power source and the output, and coupled to the coulometer for interrupting the power to the output in response to a change in potential of the coulometer.

Abstract: An indicator of vehicle service intervals for use in a vehicle comprising a transducer for transducing the revolution of the transmission output shaft of the vehicle into an electrical signal, an electrolytic integrating element electrolytically corroded by the output signal of the transducer, and a display unit for giving visible and audible alarms in response to the circuit cut-off action of the time limit element. In the system, successive pulses representing the distance traveled by the vehicle are integrated to cause progressive electrolytic corrosion of the electrolytic integrating element, and the alarm is displayed when the total traveled distance attains a predetermined value.

Abstract: Accumulating measuring devices which indicate the flow of electric current on graduated scale. Current flow may be of any fixed rate or value, steady or pulse, and scale may be any desired graduations. Current flow is indicated by a persistent electrochromic display material which changes color due to passage of electric current through it. The entire device is electronic, with no mechanical parts. Other accumulating functions may also be measured with the device if they can be converted first to electric current. One particular application is an elapsed time indicator, e.g. a watch or clock.

Abstract: A method and device for detecting the presence of breast cancer in women by integrating the temperature difference between the temperature of a normal breast and that of a breast having a malignant tumor. The breast-receiving cups of a brassiere are each provided with thermally conductive material next to the skin, with a thermistor attached to the thermally conductive material in each cup. The thermistors are connected to adjacent arms of a Wheatstone bridge. Unbalance currents in the bridge are integrated with respect to time by means of an electrochemical integrator. In the absence of a tumor, both breasts maintain substantially the same temperature, and the bridge remains balanced. If the tumor is present in one breast, a higher temperature in that breast unbalances the bridge and the electrochemical cells integrate the temperature difference with respect to time.

Abstract: Electrical voltage indicating device for use in the low-voltage range, characterized in that it comprises at least one electrochemiluminescence cell containing at least two electrodes immersed in an electrolyte containing at least one electrochemical substance whose luminescent excitation threshold value corresponds to the value of a voltage to be monitored. The use of several such substances each having a different luminescent excitation threshold in the same cell or of several cells, each with a substance of different excitation threshold value connected in parallel makes it possible to monitor several different voltage values with the device.

Abstract: For a removable three terminal coulometric timer cell connected in a high voltage circuit, an insulating shell of cylindrical form has radial tabs thereon to receive wire leads from the cell for support of the cell within the shell and for disposal to frictionally connect the leads directly to printed circuit board connector terminals. The tabs are held in compressed condition between an insulation panel and the circuit board and the cell assembly is inserted into a mating hole in the panel keyed with said tabs and rotated to assure good contact between the cell leads and the printed circuit connector terminals.

Abstract: A kilovoltmeter capable of indicating potentials in the kilovolt range is disclosed. The device is based on the phenomenon of electroosmosis engendered by a strong electric field.

Abstract: Electric metering device including at least two coulometric cells which experience a sharp voltage rise upon deplating. The current is metered by passing current through one cell until it is deplated, whereupon the sharp voltage rise causes a second cell to become conducting. In a typical application, the cells would then be replaced and recharged for reuse.

Abstract: An electrolytic timer capsule is constructed of an outer cylindrical closed end case and an inner insulated upside down cup enclosing an electrolyte solution. The case comprises one electrode and the other is a U-shaped wire with an intermediate thin coined section immersed in the electrolyte solution.

Abstract: There is provided a method for measuring a parameter whose value is calculable as an integral with time of a function of at least one variable so as to make possible the use of a microprocessor when measurements of such variables are desired. The variable is sampled periodically at a frequency asynchronous with the wave form which the variable follows and then there is periodically calculated the value of the function by summing the values for the function determined by the samples taken during the time between the calculations, thus determining the desired integral.