Abstract: A voltage detection system for detecting a stray voltage in pool water within a pool caused by an electrical fixture integral with a pool wall of the pool. The system comprises a pair of elongate conductive elements, with one of the elongate conductive elements having a detector electrode end and a terminal end, and with the other elongate conductive element having a reference electrode end and a terminal end. The detector electrode end is positioned adjacent to the electrical fixture and the reference electrode end is positioned on an opposite side of the pool and preferably a maximum distance from the detector electrode end. And, the terminal ends are connected to a microprocessor for determining if a voltage between the detector electrode end and reference electrode end is greater than a predetermined threshold voltage.

Abstract: A system for conveying a time-varying voltage signal from a first subsystem to a second subsystem, and for monitoring and controlling the time-varying voltage signal, comprises a transmission line having a first end and a second end, extending from the first end at the first subsystem to the second end at the second subsystem. The transmission line is configured to be un-terminated, and have an electrical length substantially equal to a multiple of one half wavelength of the time-varying voltage signal. The system may further comprise an adaptive control configured to couple the time-varying voltage signal to the first end, and adjust a generator of the time-varying voltage signal based on a sampling of the time-varying voltage signal at the first end, and at least one transformer at the second subsystem electrically coupled to the second end and configured to increase an amplitude of the time-varying voltage signal.

Abstract: A fault detection system of a utility meter for measuring electrical energy consumed by a load includes at least one current transformer, a temperature sensor, and a processor. The at least one current transformer is configured to generate a current measurement signal based on a current provided to the load. The temperature sensor is configured to generate a temperature signal based on a detected temperature of the utility meter. The processor is operably connected to the at least one current transformer and to the temperature sensor. The processor is configured to generate a phase angle value corresponding to a phase angle of the current measurement signal. The processor is further configured to generate a fault signal responsive to the temperature signal indicating that the detected temperature is greater than a predetermined temperature value and the phase angle value indicating detection of a leading current.

Abstract: An electro-optic (EO) sensor and a method for detecting a local electric field strength, the EO sensor including: a first optical cavity; a gain medium within the first optical cavity; a mode locking element within the first optical cavity; and an EO material within the first optical cavity, an effective optical path length of the EO material being variable depending on the local electric field strength at the EO sensor, wherein the gain medium, the mode locking element, and the EO material are arranged in a common path of light within the first optical cavity, and wherein during operation, the EO sensor emits pulses of light at a repetition rate characteristic of an effective optical path length of the light within the first optical cavity, the effective optical path length varying depending on the electric field strength local to the EO sensor.

Abstract: An arrangement for a spatially resolved determination of the specific electrical resistance and/or of the specific electrical conductivity of a sample at different positions, in which a plurality of detectors are configured for a spatially resolved spectral analysis of electromagnetic radiation within a wavelength interval and is incident onto the detectors. A radiation onto a surface takes place with homogeneous intensity.

Abstract: It is proposed to use a spun birefringent fiber for a current sensor or magnetic field sensor. The fiber has a birefringence that increases with temperature. In this case, the temperature dependence of the fiber's sensitivity to magnetic fields counteracts the temperature dependence of the fiber's Verdet constant, which allows to design current and field sensors that have reduced temperature dependence.

Abstract: An optical network unit (ONU) for optical transmission in a burst mode includes an electro-absorption modulated laser (EML) transmitter including a laser diode (LD) and configured to transmit an uplink optical signal through the LD, an electro-absorption modulator (EAM) driver integrated circuit (IC) (EAM driver IC) configured to amplify an uplink data signal and provide the amplified data signal to the EML transmitter, an LD burst-mode driving circuit configured to control an operation of turning on or off the LD based on a burst-enable signal, and a media access control (MAC) configured to transmit the data signal to the EAM driver IC and transmit the burst-enable signal to the LD burst-mode driving circuit.

Abstract: A device for detecting and potentially eradicating a leakage voltage from a water body comprises at least one wire sensor probe to receive the leakage voltage in the water body. The device comprises a voltage sensing circuit operable for receive the leakage voltage, and generate a voltage signal based on the leakage voltage. The device comprises a trigger circuit to receive the voltage signal, based on magnitude of the voltage signal being greater than a predefined threshold value. The trigger circuit activates an alarm circuit, and activates a circuit breaker. The circuit breaker, in response to activation of the circuit breaker, disconnects a power supply from the at least one voltage source immersed in the water body, thereby eradicating the leakage current from the water body if the leakage voltage is caused by the activated circuit breaker.

Abstract: A scanning head of a scanning probe microscope includes a scanning head frame having a first end portion and a second end portion which are oppositely disposed, the first end portion and the second end portion defining a first receiving space and a second receiving space, respectively; a sample table located in the first receiving space; a scanning module located in the second receiving space; and a plurality of fixed electrodes fixed on the second end portion of the scanning head frame. Signal lines of the scanning head of the present invention do not fall off or tear off during operation. In addition, the scanning head allows a laser to be incident on its scanning probe, enabling the scanning probe to be coupled with the laser, so that the range of application is wide.

Abstract: The invention relates to an assembly of a gas-tight compartment and an optical voltage sensor that further comprises a module. The module comprises an electro-optic crystal and electrodes, wherein the electro-optic crystal is the only element of the module to mechanically connect the two electrodes and to bridge the potentials of the two electrodes. The assembly is particuarly suited to measure direct current voltages.

Abstract: In a waveform measurement method, first, initial pulsed light is spatially dispersed for respective wavelengths. Next, the initial pulsed light is input to a polarization dependent type SLM in a state where a polarization plane is inclined with respect to a modulation axis direction, and a phase spectrum of a first polarization component of the initial pulsed light along the modulation axis direction is modulated, to cause a time difference between first pulsed light Lp1 including the first polarization component and second pulsed light Lp2 including a second polarization component orthogonal to the first polarization component. After combining the wavelength components, an object is irradiated with the pulsed light Lp1 and the pulsed light Lp2, and light generated in the object is detected. The above detection operation is performed while changing the time difference, and a temporal waveform of the pulsed light Lp1 is obtained.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to compositions comprising isolated mitochondria or combined mitochondrial agents, and methods of treating disorders using such compositions.

Abstract: Provided is an operating method of a medical imaging device. The method includes receiving a 3D medical image, generating a 2D medical image from the 3D medical image based in a plate interpolation, and displaying the 2D medical image by using plate interpolation based weight information and interest region information.

Abstract: A system and method reconstructs RF sources in k-space by utilizing interference between RF signals detected by an array of antennas. The system and method may include detecting an RF interference pattern resulting from interference between RF signals in an RF coupler, where the RF signals are detected by the antennas and provided to the RF coupler by RF waveguides. The RF waveguides may have unequal RF path lengths. K-space information of the RF sources may be reconstructed from the detected RF interference pattern using known tomography reconstruction methods.

Abstract: The invention is related to a photovoltaic element evaluation method, comprising a time-controlled measurement of a current-voltage characteristic of a photovoltaic element, said photovoltaic element being arranged in a measuring circuit for measuring at least an electrical current and/or an electrical voltage of said current-voltage characteristic. The invention relates furthermore to a measuring system configuration for performing time-controlled measurements of current-voltage characteristics of replaceable photovoltaic elements.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the circuits (and methods) may include a reference generator configured to generate a reference signal. The circuits (and methods) may also include a signal presence detection module configured to perform calibration on itself, during a calibration phase, based upon the reference signal. The signal presence detection module may be further configured to receive an input signal. The signal presence detection module may be further configured to perform detection, during a signal amplitude detection phase, of a state of the input signal. According to some embodiments, the circuits (and methods) may include a peak detector of the signal presence detection module shared by the calibration and the detection. In some embodiments of the circuits (and methods), the reference generator may be unpowered during the signal amplitude detection phase. The calibration and the detection may share the peak detector based upon time division multiplexing.

Abstract: A floating apparatus for alerting people of the presence of voltage in water. When the floating apparatus is placed in water and in an active state, it detects when at least a threshold level of voltage is present in the water and generates an alert signal in response to detecting the threshold level of voltage is present. The floating apparatus may detect the threshold level of voltage is present without requiring that a ground wire be connected between an electrical circuit of the floating apparatus and a fixed structure exterior of the water such as soil surrounding the water.

Abstract: A device for measuring and characterizing solid-state devices or integrated circuits at RF frequencies up to 1.0 THz and beyond is provided that includes a transmitting photomixing probe structure and a receiving photomixing probe structure. The transmitting photomixing probe structure and the receiving photomixing probe structure are ac-coupled to the solid-state device or integrated circuit in a contact-free manner.

Abstract: An optical imaging system and method that reconstructs RF sources in k-space by utilizing interference amongst modulated optical beams. The system and method involves recording with photodetectors the interference pattern produced by RF-modulated optical beams conveyed by optical fibers having unequal lengths. The photodetectors record the interference, and computational analysis using known tomography reconstruction methods is performed to reconstruct the RF sources in k-space.

Abstract: An electrodynamic machine includes a housing and a rotor, as well as a neutral point, wherein the neutral point is located inside the housing and the neutral point ends are interconnected by means of shorting bridges, and the shorting bridges are designed such that the neutral point ends inside the generator housing are electrically isolated from each other.

Abstract: Light is transmitted from a light source through or from a separator of a battery cell and received by one or more light detectors. The light that is normally transmitted through the separator is scattered, absorbed, wavelength-shifted or otherwise distorted by an impending fault in the vicinity of or within the separator. The change in light due to the impending fault is measured by a detector and a signal from the detector is processed to identify the impending fault so that a warning can be generated indicative of the impending fault. In particular, one or both of the light source and detector are enclosed within a battery cell housing.

Abstract: A circuit board with a conductor path having a recess, an implant with left, right, lower and upper edges arranged in the recess, where the implant has first and second optical layers, a second optical layer and a conductor arranged between them, the first and the second optical layer each have at least one light-conducting structure with first and second ends, where a light-conductor is arranged in a right edge of the implant, in which respective second ends of the light-conducting structures are located, such that light fed in at the first end of the optical fiber of the first optical layer is deflected to the second end of the light-conducting structure of the second optical layer such that a beam path of the light encompasses the conductor, and the circuit also includes an optical transmitter and an optical receiver with and evaluator that form a fiber optic current sensor.

Abstract: A platform embedded in an electrical cable that stores and transmits data or information related to the electrical cable is designed. The embedded platform includes a non-volatile memory element to store product data describing at least one of electrical characteristics and certifications of the electrical cable. The platform also includes a current detector to detect a current that flows in the electrical cable based on a magnetic field generated by the current. The platform further includes a communication circuit to transmit at least one of the stored product data and information related to the detection of the current to a remote device.

Abstract: The inventive configurable chiral fiber sensor with a tip-positioned sensing element, is readily configurable for use in a variety of applications (such as applications involving pressure, temperature, and even axial twist sensing), and is particularly suitable for applications requiring highly precise and accurate sensor readings within corresponding predefined limited sensing ranges. Advantageously, the inventive configurable chiral fiber sensor with a tip-positioned sensing element, is operable to utilize a wide variety of light sources, photodetectors, and related devices for sensor interrogation.

Abstract: A range of technique for investigating a sample such as obtaining images and/or spectral information are described. The techniques include a method for deriving structural information about a sample as a continuous function of the depth below the surface of the sample, a method for evaluating a part of the structure of a sample located between two interfaces within the sample, and a contrast enhancing method and apparatus which has a quick image acquisition time.

Abstract: A three-dimensional surface potential distribution measurement apparatus includes: a laser light source; a Pockels crystal; a mirror; a light detector; a support structure which supports the aforementioned elements while maintaining a relative positional relationship therebetween; a movement driver which can move the support structure three-dimensionally; a rotary driver which supports the test object and can rotate the test object about an axis extending in a longitudinal direction of the test object; and a drive controller which controls the movement driver and the rotary driver. The drive controller coordinates a driving operation by the movement driver and by the rotary driver while maintaining a gap between the second end face of the Pockels crystal and a surface of the test object at a predetermined value such that the second end face of the Pockels crystal approaches all the surfaces of the electric field reduction system on the test object.

Abstract: An optical imaging system and method that reconstructs RF sources in k-space by utilizing interference amongst modulated optical beams. The system and method involves recording with photodetectors the interference pattern produced by RF-modulated optical beams conveyed by optical fibers having unequal lengths. The photodetectors record the interference, and computational analysis using known tomography reconstruction methods is performed to reconstruct the RF sources in k-space.

Abstract: Devices and methods for measuring an electrical characteristic, in particular, for measuring current are provided. The devices can use a pair of MEMS optical modulators as opposed to the more conventional coil and associated oil insulation arrangement.

Abstract: The invention relates to an interferometric distance measuring arrangement for measuring surfaces, with at least one laser source, which can be tuned, with a coherence length for generating measurement radiation modulated by a wave length ramp, an optical beam path with an optical transmitting system for emitting the measurement radiation to the surface and an optical capturing system for capturing the measurement radiation back-scattered by the surface, comprising a measuring arm and a reference arm and a radiation detector and an evaluation unit for determining the distance from a reference point of the distance measuring device to the surface. Channels are defined by at least one beamsplitter n?2 for the parallel emission of measurement radiation, respectively one different sub area of the measurement range defined by the coherence length is allocated to the channels.

Abstract: Methods of identifying available connector ports on rack mounted equipment use an image capture device to capture an image of a front face of an equipment rack. The captured image is compared to at least one stored image. A patch cord insertion status of at least one connector port included on an item of equipment that is mounted on the equipment rack is then determined based at least in part on the comparison of the captured image to the at least one stored image.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a plurality of refrigerant flow paths separated by a distributor and is configured to allow a refrigerant inflow amount to each of the plurality of refrigerant flow paths to be adjusted by a pressure loss in a corresponding one of a plurality of capillaries connected between the distributor and the plurality of refrigerant flow paths. Inner diameters of the plurality of capillaries are limited to two types. An inner diameter of one type of the plurality of capillaries having a larger inner diameter is 1.3 to 1.6 times larger than an inner diameter of an other type of the plurality of capillaries having a smaller inner diameter.

Abstract: An alternating current loss measuring apparatus for superconductors includes a superconductor specimen, a magnetic field applying coil, a radiation shield, a vacuum vessel, first cooling means, and second cooling means. The first cooling means or the second cooling means is provided with a temperature regulating mechanism. The magnetic field applying means and the radiation shield are set to be a first cooling part, whereas the superconductor specimen is set to be a second cooling part, and the first cooling part and the second cooling part are cooled by first and second cooling means, respectively. A high thermal resistance member is disposed between the superconductor specimen and the second cooling means, and temperature measuring means are disposed at at least two positions on the high thermal resistance member. The alternating current loss of a superconductor under an external magnetic field can be measured at each of different temperatures.

Abstract: A vibration detector and method of measuring vibration are described. The vibration detector includes an optical fiber comprising a reference reflector and a delay coil, and one or more sensors comprised at respective one or more locations in the optical fiber, each of the one or more sensors including a center reflector and two side reflectors on either side of the center reflector, the delay coil eliminating detection of interference among reflections from the one or more sensors. The vibration detector also includes a light source to introduce light into the optical fiber to interrogate the optical fiber, a detector to obtain interference signals, each of the interference signals being based on interference between reflections from the reference reflector and one of the one or more sensors; and a processor to process each of the interference signals to obtain vibration measurements.

Abstract: A method measures a resistance of an element that is operably coupled to receive an AC line voltage. The method includes obtaining a first voltage measurement value V1A from a first side of the element at a first time, and obtaining a second voltage measurement value V2A from a second side of the element at the first time. The method also includes obtaining a first current measurement value IA through the element at the first time, and obtaining a second current measurement value IB through the element at the second time. The method further includes obtaining a third voltage measurement value V1B from the first side of the element at a second time, and obtaining a fourth voltage measurement value V2B from the second side of the element at the second time. The processing device determines the resistance at least in part based on the values V1A, V2A, V1B, V2B, IA and IB. The determination based on an adjusted difference of V2B and V2A.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for testing photovoltaic modules are provided, wherein power that a photovoltaic module outputs or draws is modulated a modulating frequency, the photovoltaic module is scanned using a camera and the camera signal generated by the camera is evaluated in order to obtain a luminescence image of the photovoltaic module which is used for detecting defects on the photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic module is operated only in the forward direction and the camera signal is evaluated using a digital filter, such as a lock-in filter.

Abstract: A photo device inspection apparatus is an apparatus for inspecting a solar cell panel, which is a photo device. The photo device inspection apparatus includes an irradiation part configured to irradiate the solar cell panel with pulsed light radiated from a femtosecond laser, which is a light source, an electromagnetic wave detection part configured to detect a pulse of an electromagnetic wave radiated from the solar cell panel in response to irradiation with the pulsed light, and a current detection part configured to detect a current generated by the solar cell panel in response to irradiation with the pulsed light.

Abstract: In various embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of manufacturing a monolayer graphene photodetector, the method including forming a graphene quantum dot array in a graphene monolayer, and forming an electron trapping center in the graphene quantum dot array. Accordingly, a monolayer graphene photodetector is also provided.

Abstract: An electric power line monitoring, communication and response system schedules the transmission of packets to occur during voltage zero-crossing intervals when corona is minimized. The transmitters may be located at high voltage hanging directly from the power line conductors along with associated current transformers and voltage sensors. A system of these transmitters distributed throughout the power grid communicate with each other in a data-forward manner to bring complete, real-time current and voltage waveform, device status and fault monitoring information to data aggregation waypoints, such as transmission substations where supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) equipment is installed. The power line monitoring data is then transmitted from the data waypoints to a central monitoring and control center, typically using existing SCADA equipment, to provide h detailed power line monitoring data for a large number of data monitoring points distributed throughout the power grid.

Abstract: In a fiber-optic current sensor, a 22.5° Faraday rotator, which is part of the sensing fiber coil, determines the working point of the sensor. The coil is operated with substantially linearly polarized light or incoherent substantially left and right circularly polarized light waves. In one arrangement, a polarization beam splitter generates two optical signals that vary in anti-phase with changing current. A signal processor determines the current from the two anti-phase signals. Appropriately detuned and oriented fiber-optic half-wave or quarter-wave retarders before the fiber coil are used to reduce or cancel the adverse effects of temperature and bend-induced birefringence on the measurement signal. Moreover, the temperature may be derived from the difference in the bias of the anti-phase signals and may be used to cancel temperature effects in the signal processor.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for sampling an LCOM message signal at a rate less than the Nyquist rate (i.e., an “alias frequency”) and accurately reconstructing the entire LCOM message using a light receiver (e.g., digital camera) of a typical mobile computing device, such as a smartphone, tablet, or other mobile computing device. The described methods and system take advantage of the repetition of LCOM signals, sampling an LCOM signal at a frequency less than the Nyquist frequency over at least two repetitions of a signal waveform, thereby collecting sufficient samples to accurately reconstruct the signal. The samples of each successive signal waveform repetition are offset from one another so that different points on the waveform are sampled, thus facilitating reconstruction of the signal.

Abstract: An apparatus and method may be used to create images, e.g., three-dimensional images, based on received radio-frequency (RF), e.g., millimeter wave, signals carrying image data. The RF signals may be modulated onto optical carrier signals, and the resulting modulated optical signals may be cross-correlated. The resulting cross-correlations may be used to extract image data that may be used to generate three-dimensional images.

Abstract: A power flow management method and a controller are provided. First, sensing voltage signals and sensing current signals between a power supplying module and a multilevel converter module are obtained. Positive sequence voltage signals, positive sequence current, negative voltage signals and negative current signals are generated according to the sensing voltage signals and the sensing current signals. Forward powers are calculated according to the positive sequence voltage signals, positive sequence current, negative voltage signals and negative current signals. DC voltage signals are obtained from the multilevel converter module, and feedback powers are calculated accordingly. A magnitude and a phase of a zero sequence voltage injection signal are determined according to the forward powers and the feedback powers. Accordingly, the generated zero sequence voltage injection signal is used to manage power flow effectively.

Abstract: A detector device for functional certification includes a probe, a waveguide and a first micro-antenna. The probe includes a tip portion and a through-portion, wherein an end of the through-portion penetrates a first surface of the probe to form a first opening, and an opposite end of the through-portion penetrates the tip portion to form a second opening. The waveguide is disposed in the through-portion. The first micro-antenna is installed in the second opening and electrically connected with the waveguide.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for drying textile material with a radio frequency (RF) applicator and a controller, the method includes energizing the RF applicator to generate a field of electromagnetic radiation (e-field), measuring a parameter related to the energization of the RF applicator, determining a drying cycle of operation in the controller based on the measured parameter, and controlling the energization of the RF applicator according to the determination of the drying cycle of operation, wherein the textile material is dried.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for delivering data to an end user device, the method including receiving an optical signal containing broadband digital data; converting the optical signal to a first radio frequency signal; transmitting the first radio frequency (RF) signal from an RF transmitter to a first RF receiver in a first local region associated with the end user device; and converting the received radio frequency signal to a digital data signal. A system and computer program for performing the method are disclosed.

Abstract: A method of measurement using a detachable current and voltage sensor provides an isolated and convenient technique for to measuring current passing through a conductor such as an AC branch circuit wire, as well as providing an indication of an electrostatic potential on the wire, which can be used to indicate the phase of the voltage on the wire, and optionally a magnitude of the voltage. The device includes a housing that contains the current and voltage sensors, which may be a ferrite cylinder with a hall effect sensor disposed in a gap along the circumference to measure current, or alternative a winding provided through the cylinder along its axis and a capacitive plate or wire disposed adjacent to, or within, the ferrite cylinder to provide the indication of the voltage.

Abstract: A fiber-optic current sensor includes a measuring unit having a light source and a light detector, and a sensing head having a sensing fiber wound around a conductor and a retarder connected to the sensing fiber. The scale factor as a function of current of the fiber-optic current sensor is described by the product of two scaling functions fe? and fs? for the measuring unit and the sensing head, respectively. The data describing the scaling functions fe?, fs? is stored in a memory of the measuring unit, while the data describing the scaling function fs? is also stored in a memory of the sensing head. Providing two such memory devices allows to store the scaling functions fe? and fs? separately, thereby turning the control unit as well as the sensor head into easily replaceable modules.

Abstract: A power-measurement device includes a power detector and a tempering device. The power detector is integrated on a monolithic chip as an integrated circuit. It converts a high-frequency test signal into a signal which displays the power of the high-frequency test signal. The power-measurement device further includes a signal input. In this context, the tempering device is arranged outside the monolithic chip on a side of the monolithic chip facing away from the integrated circuit. The signal input is connected to the power detector by a first line on a synthetic substrate. The signal input guides the high-frequency test signal to the power detector by the first line.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring multiple primary electric currents in a non-contact manner by utilizing multiple current transformers. Each current transformer is coupled with one of the primary electric currents. Each current transformer comprises a magnetic core and a secondary winding. The apparatus comprises: A current-sensing means for sensing current transformer secondary currents and for producing an information signal; a voltage control and selection circuit for periodically connecting each current transformer secondary winding to the current-sensing means and for periodically controlling the voltage across each secondary winding; a power supply circuit for providing operating power to the voltage control and selection circuit; and a control circuit for receiving and processing the information signal and for controlling the voltage control and selection circuit.

Abstract: In an electric/magnetic field probe using an optical fiber, when a stress is applied to the fiber, the polarization state of the light propagating in the fiber changes, and the signal level of the electric or magnetic field detection becomes unstable. For coping with this problem, for suppressing the curve or waggle of the optical fiber caused by a stress applied to the fiber, an electric/magnetic field sensor unit composed of the fiber and EO/MO material is fixed on a quartz substrate, for example, and the part of the fiber other than the sensor unit is stored in an acrylic tube and fixed. Further, polarization adjustment parts like a polarization controller, an optical analyzer or the like is installed in the housing, so that a stress caused by wind pressure or contact is not applied to the fiber connected to the parts.