Abstract: The present invention provides a laser leveling device, which comprises a light emitting unit for irradiating a laser beam, a rotating unit for rotating the laser beam for scanning, and a means for turning off the scanning laser beam so that a spotlike is formed in a specific direction. By forming a reference spot light, and aligning an irradiating point of the spot beam with the reference point, it is possible to install the laser leveling device 1 to the reference point and to perform accurate positioning of the laser leveling device by the scanning line of the laser beam formed on a portion other than the spot.

Abstract: A laser crossline device suitable for construction includes at lease a first and a second laser beam produced by diode modules. The diode modules revolve around a horizontal axis so as to form a 360.degree. laser scanning plane that is perpendicular to the horizontal axis of the module. The plane can be adjusted with a bubble level and an adjustment screw. The two modules are situated so as to generate planes that intersect at a right angle. The line of intersection forms a plumb line. If desired, a third orthogonal plane can be added to the device. A single rotary motor drives all of the diode modules.

Abstract: The present invention provides a planar light beam orientation device comprising a light source, a beam disperser, and a housing coupled to the light source and holding the beam disperser. The housing is configured to have a beam aperture configured to project a planar beam of light therefrom. The planar light beam orientation device of the present invention is capable of projecting a 360.degree. planar beam of light. The device is particularly useful in the orienting and reorienting of dental casts in a dental surveyor.

Abstract: A geodetic device is described, especially on a theodolite or a tachymeter which is provided with an arrangement for adjustment over a ground point or base point. It comprises a leveling base in which a bushing provided with a continuous center bore hole can be fastened and an upper part or alidade with a telescope which is pivotable about a horizontal tilting axis. Further, a first apparatus is provided for leveling the device in a horizontal plane and for displaying this plane, and a second apparatus is provided which comprise an objective imaging the ground point on a sensor arrangement. The arrangement for adjustment over a ground point is arranged between the leveling base and the upper part and is fixedly connected with the leveling base. It comprises a vertical spindle bushing with a hollow vertical spindle which is mounted therein and carries the upper part.

Abstract: A surveying system comprises a surveying machine (11) which is disposed at a reference point (A) and a reflecting mirror (5) which is disposed on the side of a target point (B). In this surveying system, a signal-light projecting device (16) for projecting a beam of signal light (P3) onto the surveying machine (11) is disposed on the side of the target point (B), and a rough-direction detecting device (20) for detecting roughly a direction in which the signal-light projecting device (16) is located by receiving the beam of signal light (P8), and a precise-direction detecting device (21) for detecting precisely the direction in which the signal-light projecting device (16) is located by receiving the beam of signal light (P3) are disposed on the side of the surveying machine (11).

Abstract: A handgrip mounting structure in an electric device comprises a main body and a handgrip to be mounted on the main body. The handgrip includes a holding portion, to be held by an operator, having a predetermined length, and mounting portions to be mounted on the main body. The mounting portions are provided at each end of the holding portion. The handgrip has a thermal expansion ratio in the longitudinal direction of the holding portion that is different from that of the main body. At least one of the mounting portions of the holding portion is mounted to the main body so that a shaft member, provided on one of the mounting portions and the main body, is inserted into a through hole formed on the other of the main body and the one of the mounting portions.

Abstract: A drive device for aligning a theodolite with a target, in which the theodolite is mounted rotatably in the horizontal direction on a theodolite foot. Provision is made of a control knob and an encoder connected thereto, the encoder emitting control signals in accordance with the rotary movement at the control knob to a downstream control circuit. The circuit drives a positioning motor. The rotary table is arranged at the theodolite foot and carries the control knob. Provided between the theodolite and the rotary table is an electric contact which ensures the electrical connection between the encoder and the positioning motor.

Abstract: An apparatus for displaying a direction for adjusting its height to its appropriate height includes a plurality of light sources, a light receiving portion, and a control unit. The light sources are arranged in the form of a matrix in a display portion of the apparatus and displays the direction as a moving shape by emitting light in turn. The light receiving portion receives an incident beam and outputs a signal corresponding to a height of the incident beam. The control unit controls the light emission of the light sources in accordance with the signal so as to move the shape downward or upward to indicate the appropriate height. The control unit controls the light emission of the light sources so that at least one light source of a group of the light sources is lighted after a predetermined time, shorter than a time during which a human eye can keep an afterimage, after other members of the group were lighted.

Abstract: A reference light generator that is capable of switching the scan plane of a laser beam between the horizontal and the vertical simply by changing the installation position of the reference light generator.A laser beam is emitted from a laser diode 1. A half mirror 3 guides the laser beam to transparent containers 5 and 7. When the reference light generator is used to determine the degree of horizontality, it is installed so that the transparent container 5 is positioned at the top. In this case, a movable light shielding plate 4 blocks the laser beam that travels toward the transparent container 7. The prism effect of a silicon oil 71 inside the transparent container 5 corrects the inclination of the laser beam that passes through the silicon oil 71. A rotation-type pentagonal prism 9 emits only the inclination-corrected laser beam from the reference light generator.

Abstract: A dual usage level marking instrument is provided that includes a leveling rod. This rod has a dotted-type laser device fixed at one end and a straight-type laser device fixed at the other end. Leveling elements are installed on this rod. The dotted-type or straight-type device installed on the both ends emit dotted or vertical/horizontal marking lines. The instrument is used on construction sites for marking measurement.

Abstract: Accessories are disclosed for use with a laser tool which may or may not be self-leveling. The accessories include one or more diffraction elements, effective to receive the incoming beam and produce a plane of diverging laser beams. In preferred embodiments the diffraction elements are self-leveling. When the diverging beams are directed against a surface such as a floor, wall or ceiling, a series of discrete spots define a visible reference line useful in construction layout. The spots themselves may each locate the position of a fastener to be installed, for example, by giving the approximately correct spacing for reference of the user. The generation of discrete spots rather than a solid line, as would be generated by a cylindrical lens, better allocates laser power by providing brighter, more visible reference elements on the wall or ceiling.

Abstract: A light beam leveling device and method utilizable particularly in hemodynamic cardiac monitoring of patients in which a pressure transducer is required to be leveled with the tip of a catheter placed at the heart of a patient. The light beam device, preferably a laser, is placed at the transducer and is raised and lowered therewith relative to a reference point on the patient corresponding to the level of the tip of the catheter. When the laser beam is projected horizontally as established with associated bubble level means and is directed so as to cause a reflection directly at the reference point, the transducer is assured thereby to be at the level of the catheter tip in the patient. A transparent cylindrical bar at the tip of the laser through which the laser beam passes causes a line of light to be projected at right angles to the orientation of the bar. An associated protractor permits selection of the desired angle of orientation of the line of light projected from the laser.

Abstract: The laser marking device comprises a laser source, an optical system for projecting a laser beam emitted from the laser source to form a laser spot on an object, a light distributing element that is disposed in an optical path of the optical system and includes at least one light distributing portion that distributes a part of the laser beam to form at least one static reference line on the object so that the laser spot is formed on the static reference line, a rotating mechanism that rotates at least a part of the optical system to form a dynamic reference on the object, and a switch for selecting between a rotation mode in which the rotating mechanism is activated and a stationary mode in which said rotating mechanism is not activated.

Abstract: The present invention provides a laser leveling device, which comprises a light emitting unit for irradiating a laser beam, a rotating unit for rotating the laser beam for scanning, and a means for turning off the scanning laser beam so that a spotlike is formed in a specific direction. By forming a reference spot light, and aligning an irradiating point of the spot beam with the reference point, it is possible to install the laser leveling device 1 to the reference point and to perform accurate positioning of the laser leveling device by the scanning line of the laser beam formed on a portion other than the spot.

Abstract: This invention is a method for remotely obtaining roadway crown point elevation and horizontal location based on projecting a horizontal laser beam configured vertically in either a continuous or discrete manner across the roadway surface at a predetermined elevation substantially coincident with the crown point of the roadway. The highest elevation of the roadway partially occludes the vertically configured laser beam. The lowest elevation of the laser beam which contacts an array of vertically configured laser receivers positioned on the opposite side of the roadway is by necessity the highest elevation of the roadway crown. By using an optical detector at a known vertical offset from the laser beam emitter, the angle and hence the distance can be determined to the furthest laser impact with the roadway. This distance information can be combined with the known line between the laser emitter and laser receivers to resolve the horizontal coordinates of that point.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a laser beam levelling device which has a rotating frame which is rotatable round a vertical axis and an inclining arrangement which is pivotal round a horizontal axis. Means connected to a controller are also provided to enable the rotated and inclined position to be monitored. One inclining arrangement can be orientated and inclined by the controller such that the laser plane formed by a rotating laser beam is inclined in a specific direction by a specific angle. This inclination is an auxiliary inclination by means of which the laser plane is simultaneously inclined in a longitudinal and transverse gradient differing from this auxiliary direction of inclination in each case. The auxiliary direction and the auxiliary inclination are calculated automatically by the controller on the basis of the desired longitudinal and transverse gradient of the laser plane and are converted into corresponding control commands.

Abstract: Adapters removably affixing a hand held laser pointer to selected apparatus are disclosed. The adapters include structure for mounting therein the laser pointer having a laser module emitting a laser beam, a casing, a voltage source and a switch for controlling the laser module. Also included is a device for maintaining the laser pointer in an on condition and means for removably affixing the adapters to the selected apparatus such that when the adapters are affixed thereon, the laser beam emitted from the laser pointer is aimed in a predetermined relation with respect to the selected apparatus. The laser pointer and associated adapters are employed to optimize the use of the laser pointer and enhance the selected apparatus upon which it is mounted.

Abstract: The encoder disc rotating device for a surveying instrument comprising a vessel-shaped cover member 30 rotating coaxially with a rotating axis 22 of an encoder disc rotating knob 21 and having an opening formed at the arcuate lateral side for protruding to expose the encoder disc rotating knob 21, in which the encoder disc rotating knob 21 is protruded to expose or concealed by the rotation of the cover member 30. The cover member can ensure a large space for arranging the operation system without changing the machine height and cover the encoder disc rotating knob for preventing erroneous operation without hindering the operation.

Abstract: A laser gradient setting device, which comprises a swing frame rotatable around a vertical shaft, a laser projector tiltably mounted on the swing frame via a support member so that it is tiltable around a horizontal shaft, a tilt sensor mounted independently from the laser projector and rotatably around the horizontal shaft, an encoder integrally rotating with the tilt sensor, a vertical angle adjusting means for tilting the support member, and a tilt sensor tilting means mounted on the support member and for tilting the tilt sensor, whereby the tilt sensor is tilted so that the tilt angle detected by the encoder agrees with the preset gradient and the tilt sensor is integrally tilted with the laser projector so that the tilt sensor is held horizontally.

Abstract: An apparatus for use with a compact self-leveling construction laser for the purpose of allowing the user to remotely call or page the measurement beam to his location using a retroreflector. The apparatus uses an auxiliary plumb beam provided by the construction laser for scanning the job site in search of the cooperative reflector. The invention consists of a construction laser, motor driven turntable assembly to which the construction laser is attached and a cooperative reflector carried by the operator.

Abstract: A support for a laser beam generator in a carpenter's level is positioned on the level so that the laser beam generated will lie in the plane of a flat reference surface of the level. A battery or other power supply is housed in the carpenter's level together with circuitry to connect the power supply to the laser beam generator and preferably a switch allowing the generator to be turned off and on. Gauges may be employed in the level for vertical, as well as horizontal, orientation to the reference surface and, if desired, a gauge enabling the reference surface to be repeatedly placed at a predetermined angle relative to the horizontal may be included. Such a gauge may be a commercial gauge such as an inclinometer. Preferably, however, a conventional gauge employing an arcuate tube filled with liquid having a bubble in it which seeks the highest level of the tube with calibration marks for accurately positioning the bubble.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing plumb and level functions includes a base unit that can be leveled in a horizontal plane. A detachable socket with a bearing surface rotates about a complementary bearing mechanism on the base unit about an axis of rotation that is vertical when the base unit is horizontal. The cavity carries a rotatable body that carries a battery-operated laser light-emitting diode for projecting a beam along a projection axis that is a radius from the center of the rotatable body. The rotatable body can move between vertical and horizontal positions to define a vertical extension of the axis of rotation to perform a plumb function or to a horizontal position to move the projected light beam in a horizontal plane.

Abstract: A laser beam device to perform sightings and tracings which makes use of a calibrated tube inside which resides a laser emitting component of which the optical emitting axis coincides with the mechanical axis of the tube, a mirror securely mounted at the end of the tube and set at a 45.degree. angle from the incident laser beam, an end piece mounted and rotating on the end of the tube which includes a number of ports which can be brought to be coaxially centered in the reflected beam by simply rotating the end piece and a number of optical systems respectively mounted in the ports. The device provides flexibility without requiring additional set-up.

Abstract: A level tool with laser light alignment capabilities including a straight rigid first rail having a leveling vial coupled thereto; a laser light source coupled to the first rail and with the laser light source transmitting a laser beam that is longitudinally aligned with the first rail to a remote location for use in alignment operations; and an electrical power supply coupled to the first rail for providing electrical energy to the laser light source for operation.

Abstract: An apparatus for projecting a laser beam at an angle to an axis and sweeping the laser beam around the axis around a conical surface having a selected slope is described. The apparatus may be used to aid in the alignment of structures having conical surfaces. The apparatus projects a laser beam along an axis onto a rotating deflection assembly. The deflection assembly contains two mirrors which are optically equivalent to the reflective faces of a pentaprism. Consequently, the angle of the deflected beam is relatively insensitive to vibrations of the deflection assembly. The angle of the deflected beam may be varied by tilting the two mirrors. The alignment of the mirrors is maintained as the mirrors are tilted by a linkage which includes a roller mounted to one of the mirrors which rides on a cam surface coupled to the other mirror. The adjustable mirror-alignment linkage may be used in other optical equipment.

Abstract: A device for performing levelling and transit functions is disclosed herein having an elongated member with parallel spaced-apart top and bottom flat surfaces separated by a thickened web. The web includes several cutouts exposing bubble indicators arranged in a variety of orientations and includes a rotary module at one end movably mounting a laser beam generator. The module has a passageway conducting a laser beam to a selected one of several slots or passageways provided in the end of the member in response to manual rotation of the module by the user whereby the beam exits the device in a linear path. The web includes a housing adjacent to the module enclosing electrical circuits, battery power supply and button controls for operation of the laser. A pivoting panel is coextensive with the top flat surface in a stored position while pivotal to a position normal to the top flat surface when used as a corner square.

Abstract: A field portable site survey system includes a portable computer interfaced directly with a rangefinder of the type which needs no reflector, e.g. a rangefinder which receives a signal from a feature of a survey site by backscattering of an incident beam such as a laser beam. A computer program causes the computer to prompt an operator to use the range finder to take measurements appropriate for calculation of the volume of a survey site according to its shape or of its component shapes. The computer calculates the volume in realtime. If the density has been entered into the computer weight will also be calculated.

Abstract: An improved tribrach device for attaching an optical sighting instrument to a support such as a tripod. The tribrach device includes a pivotable locking ring for securing the legs of the sighting instrument to the tribrach. The locking ring is biased towards its locked position and is easily unlocked when desired. A laser beam is projected upwardly and downwardly along a vertical axis.

Abstract: A rotating and driving system for a survey instrument, wherein a driven wheel is mounted on a shaft of a movable unit and a slide baseplate is disposed on the shaft so as to be movable in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the shaft. A gear, driven by a motor, is mounted on the slide baseplate in such a position that the gear can be engaged with the driven wheel when the slide baseplate is pushed in the proper direction. By providing engaging force between the driven wheel and the gear, backlash is suppressed, and positioning can be achieved at higher accuracy.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for vertically aligning a structure. The vertical alignment device has a main body with a front face, a back surface, two side surfaces, and a top reflective surface with an edge and a cross hair extending from the edge; a planar member having a cross hair and being attached to the top surface; and horizontal level. The method of vertically aligning a structure substantially comprises the steps of positioning the vertical alignment device against the structure to be vertically aligned, moving the alignment device such that the top surface cross hair is in alignment with the planar member cross hair when looking into the top reflective surface, manipulating the structure such that both the top surface cross hair and the planar member cross hair are in alignment with the center line of the structure when looking into the top reflective surface, and positioning the main body such that the level indicates that the main body is horizontally level.

Abstract: An alidade surveying instrument, comprising a pair of gimbeled yokes, a mounting base supporting the pair of gimbeled yokes for rotation on axes perpendicular to one another, a ranging device carried by the gimbeled yoke pair for targeting a remote object both as to elevation and azimuth, a first gear set coupled to one of the yokes and second gear set coupled to the other yoke, a pivot plate supporting one of the gears of each gear set for a varying degree of gear meshing with respect to its associated gear, and a spring for applying a variable force to the pivot plate for driving the gears of each gear set into a yielding engagement to counteract physical variations in the degree of gear set engagement as the gears of each set mesh and rotate relative to one another.

Abstract: Various devices are disclosed for projecting a beam of coherent collimated light at a surface for use as reference lines and planes. The devices are also useful for projecting tracings of light in any of various geometric patterns. The devices comprise a pointer unit containing a light source, such as a laser diode. The light source is mounted so as to undergo periodic reciprocating motion in least one dimension, as imparted by any of various possible mechanisms. Combinations of such motions in two dimensions allows production of an infinite variety of geometric tracings. The pointer unit can be detachably mounted perpendicularly to a rotatable shaft provided by a base portion, or used separately as a level or hand-held pointer.

Abstract: A path finder/tracker system for assisting a person in finding the way back to a home base comprising a transmitter having a housing with electronic components therein, the electronic components including a emitter to emit a signal of a predetermined magnitude and frequency, the transmitter couplable to a power source with an on/off switch; and a receiver having a housing with electrical components including associated electrical components to receive the signal of the predetermined magnitude and frequency in the citizen band range tuned to that emitted by the transmitter, an antenna adapted to be retracted to a storage position within the receiver housing and extendable from the front edge thereof in a horizontal plane which is within the plane of the receiver, the receiver also including an array of lights across the front edge and adapted to sequentially light as a function of the strength of the signal received by the antenna whereby when the antenna is pointing directly at the transmitter, a predetermine

Abstract: A laser marker which includes a casing having a battery chamber covered by a lid, a level bearing plate fastened to the casing at the bottom, a level mounted on the level bearing plate above the casing, adjustment rack pivotably fastened to the casing by two spring-supported locating plates and two axle caps to hold a light concentrator, a rotary socket covered by a lens cover to hold a lens in line with the light concentrator, whereby the adjustment rack is turned on the casing and retained in the desired angle by the locating plates, and the rotary socket is turned on the adjustment rack to let the light of the light concentrator be emitted through the lens and formed into a light spot or a line of light projected on an object.

Abstract: An arrangement for one-man surveying, including a measuring station (1) and a target unit (2). A sighting-marker arrangement is provided which can be indicated by an indicator arrangement (7) on the measuring station. The measuring station (1) automatically takes a target seeking mode when the indicator arrangement (7) does not indicate the sighting-marker arrangement and a target following mode, when the indicator arrangement indicates the sighting-marker arrangement. The sighting-marker arrangement includes a combination of a first and a second sighting-marker unit. The first unit has a light source (8) on the target unit (2). The second unit has a light source (9) on the measuring station (1) and a reflector (11) on the target unit (2).

Abstract: An automatic plumb, level, pointing and distance measuring tool uses a visible laser diode to project a beam in any of several different modes through a beam exit window. The tool, approximately the size and shape of a tape measure, can be placed on one edge to project a tilt-compensated vertical beam. Placed on another edge 90.degree.-rotated, the tool projects through the same exit window a tilt-compensated horizontal beam. When laid on either of its larger flat sides, the tilt compensation becomes inoperative and the tool projects a beam which is fixed relative to the housing. Acoustic distance measurement is facilitated using a second component or target side device which receives both a light beam an acoustic signal simultaneously projected from the laser tool across a space to be measured. A receiver in the target side device first detects arrival of a characteristically modulated or pulsed light beam, received at a photodetector on the target side device, and then receives the acoustic signal.

Abstract: A device for defining a plane to determine relative elevations comprising in combination a stationary housing (7) having an aperture (8) and locating a pair of vertical reflecting surfaces (6) at right angles to each other which may be a pair of mirrors (5) or a right angle prism (32) and a levelling rod or staff (14) adapted to be positioned at a vewing distance from the housing (7) and incorporating a light source (12) and an eyepiece (15) whereby an observer at the location of the levelling rod (14) can move the light source (12) up and down the levelling rod (14) until a reflection of the light from the light source (12) is seen in the pair of reflecting sufaces (6). A reading can then be taken on the levelling rod (14) at a point midway between the eyepiece (15) and the light source (12) which defines a horizontal line from the reflecting surfaces (6).

Abstract: A process for forming notched irrigation laterals uses a construction laser adapted to propagate radiation along a planar path, and a device that both detects the radiation and is used to manually form notches in the lateral. The laser is positioned relative to the longitudinal axis of the lateral so as to minimize optical interference during the formation process.

Abstract: An automatic plumb, level, pointing and distance measuring tool uses a visible laser diode to project a beam in any of several different modes through a beam exit window. The tool, approximately the size and shape of a tape measure, can be placed on one edge to project a tilt-compensated vertical beam. Placed on another edge 90.degree.-rotated, the tool projects through the same exit window a tilt-compensated horizontal beam. When laid on either of its larger flat sides, the tilt compensation becomes inoperative and the tool projects a beam which is fixed relative to the housing. Acoustic distance measurement is facilitated using a second component or target side device which is activated to send an acoustic signal across a space to be measured, toward the laser tool. A receiver in the laser tool detects arrival of the acoustic signal and causes the laser to project a characteristically modulated or pulsed beam, received at a photodetector on the target side device.

Abstract: An optical measuring instrument permits the user to adapt the handle position optimally to his individual wishes and habits while holding the instrument. An adapter is fixed to the limbus body. The adapter includes curved slots for accepting fixing screws that lie within bores of the head part of the handle. By loosening the screws, one may adjust the position of the handle through a preselected angular range, tightening the screws to fix a preferred handle position.

Abstract: A process and device for measuring and processing in real time the changes of level between two or more points in buildings, structures, machinery or the like, when interested by works of civil engineering, wherein a laser ray generated by a laser tube and rotated on a planar or conical surface hits one or more targets constituted by fixed or mobile photodetectors, said targets being placed in correspondence with said points. The signals generated by the targets are transferred to a computer to be processed and immediately read (FIG. 1).

Abstract: A measuring device measures the width of trees and other vertically disposed objects at a distance from these objects. An aiming instrument cites various points along the object and measures a distance to the object as well as provides a signal proportional to a plumb line angle sensor, a signal proportional to a horizontal angle device, and a distance measuring signal. A computer coupled to the aiming instrument will compute the diameter of the trees or other vertically disposed objects from the distance signal, angle sensor signal and horizontal angle device.

Abstract: An apparatus and method project light in two orthogonal planes to provide reference planes of light for use in laying out a construction site or the like. The apparatus comprises a laser light source for providing a source beam of light, and a light diverting arrangement. The light diverting arrangement diverts a first portion of the source beam of light to project a first thin reference fan beam of light substantially in a first reference plane, and diverts a second portion of the source beam of light to project a second thin reference fan beam of light substantially in a second reference plane. The second reference plane is substantially perpendicular to the first reference plane. The apparatus may advantageously be used in laying out a grid.

Abstract: A levelling system with a rotating laser beam and an optoelectronic stadia is proposed, in which the height of the laser beam is varied. Several individual measurements are made during a measuring cycle and as a result of the height variation of the laser beam these give different height values. Thus, for example, 20 individual measurements can be used for determining the arithmetic mean, which considerably increases the precision of measurement.

Abstract: A viewing device to assist a golfer or the like in assessing transverse inclination of terrain along his sight line, including a base assembly adapted for attachment to a cap, hat or headpiece worn by the golfer or the like, a vertical plumb element pivoted to the base assembly about an axis parallel to the wearer's sight line of the terrain and a horizontal sighting element fixed perpendicularly along its length permitting the wearer to view seleccted terrain relative to the horizontal sighting element and rapidly assess its transverse inclination. With the base assembly secured to the bill of a cap or the like, a viewing frame surrounds the vertical plumb element and horizontal sighting element while including means for retaining both the viewing frame and vertical plumb element and horizontal sighting element out of the wearer's sight line when desired.

Abstract: A surveyor's instrument such as a surveyor's level (10) and method is disclosed wherein a constant instrument height may be provided during repeated set ups of a tripod (22) at different locations at a job site. An adjustable elevating device (24) is provided which mounts a surveyor's level (10) in a manner that its vertical position is changed. The elevating device includes an adaptor base cap (30) which adapts to a tripod collar (20) having a hollow sleeve (32). A shaft (28) which carries an adapter collar (26) is slideably received in the sleeve (32) and set in a desired vertical position by set screw (38) or a gear drive (50, 46, 40). The surveyor's level (10) is affixed to an adapter collar (26) by a level base cap (18).

Abstract: A bar for temporarily securing to the housing of a construction laser so as to be able to measure accurately off to one side so that a plumb line can be established when there is an obstruction above the laser housing. The bar has means for a quick disconnect fitting on the handle of the laser.

Abstract: A verticality detecting apparatus for plumbing columns has a measuring section to be mounted on a lower end portion of an upper column, an upper target to be mounted on an upper end portion of the upper column and a lower target to be mounted on a lower end portion of a lower column joined to the lower end of the upper column. Inclinations of the measuring section about two orthogonal horizontal axes are adjustable and can be locked at adjusted inclinations. The measuring section consists of a sight telescope with a right angle prism opposed to its objective while placing an edge of the right angle on its optical axis perpendicular thereto, and an inclination sensor for detecting inclinations of the telescope-prism assembly about the two orthogonal horizontal axes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a leveling arrangement for measuring the elevations above terrain points, in which a horizontal measuring beam originating from a distance measuring device searches a first deviating means and, after detection, a second deviating means. Both deviating means are perpendicularly arranged above terrain points marked by a stage each, which, in turn are provided with reflectors. The latter reflect to themselves the measuring beam directed by said deviated means upon said reflectors. Thus the measurement of the altitude of the different terrain points is converted into a distance measurement. The deviating means are triple reflectors, detectors can additionally be provided at the deviating means for detecting the measuring beam. The distance measuring device can be swingingly suspended on a vehicle.

Abstract: A deflection unit on a path parallel to a light beam has a rider, which grips the track of a measuring guide (not shown) and permits a beam component to pass while deflecting a component. A levelling means is provided on a line bisecting the angle between the incoming and the deflected beams in or parallel to their common plane to facilitate remote positional measurements of reference points on a body in order to make measurements more accurate.