Abstract: Elongation measurement apparatuses and systems comprise at least two Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDTs) with a push rod coupled to each of the at least two LVDTs at one longitudinal end thereof. At least one push rod extends to a base and is coupled thereto at an opposing longitudinal end, and at least one other push rod extends to a location spaced apart from the base and is configured to receive a sample between an opposing longitudinal end of the at least one other push rod and the base. Nuclear reactors comprising such apparatuses and systems and methods of measuring elongation of a material are also disclosed.

Abstract: A new extensometer is disclosed that avoids prior art problems of drift and other problems from variations in temperature, humidity and other environmental factors. Two primary extensometer body parts each hold at one end specimen contact rods and at their other ends a displacement measuring sensor, preferably a linear variable differential transformer. A thin hinge area connects the two body parts into a single piece monolithic construction so that relative movement between the two body parts is restricted to a single rotational degree of freedom.

Abstract: An extensometer measures strain on a test specimen subjected to tensile, compression or fatigue tests. The extensometer has a pair of members that are connected together preferably with at least two spaced-apart flexible plates. The members are coupled to move with the specimen when the specimen is subjected to the foregoing tests. A measuring device measures a change in distance of the members relative to each other in order to measure elongation or compression of the test specimen.

Abstract: Disclosed is a horizontal extensometer for measuring strain on specimens in cryogenic to elevated temperatures with zero frictional and activation forces. The extensometer has first and second elongate hollow arms which are adapted to pivot in relation to one another in response to the increase in length of a test specimen when a strain is applied thereto. An increase between the points of attachment on the specimen produces a corresponding decrease in length at the opposite ends of the two arms, thereby producing movement through a standard linear variable differential transformer. A connecting rod which is highly rigid in the Y-axis but readily flexible in the Z and X-axes is adapted to pass through the center of the linear variable differential transformer to a moveable core and produce a measurement of the differential. The extensometer also employs a unique clamping mechanism which substantially reduces error caused by external forces. The extensometer of the present invention has near zero hysteresis.

Abstract: A capacitive extensometer has an extensometer frame formed of a pair of arms having first ends with specimen contacting members and which are connected together about a hinge axis at second remote ends. The specimen contacting members engage the surfaces of a specimen to be tested. A capacitive type sensing arrangement is mounted on the arms, and is used with conventional circuitry for determining arm motion. The sensing members are located to insure adequate output, and can be located to the exterior of the periphery of the extensometer arm assembly. The ability to mount the capacitor sensor appropriately, while obtaining a relatively large output signal enhances the operability of the extensometer.