Abstract: A disclosure of the present specification provides a method for performing sidelink communication by a UE. The method may comprise the steps of: performing sidelink communication on the basis of a first RAT; switching an RAT for the sidelink communication from the first RAT to a second RAT; and performing the sidelink communication on the basis of the second RAT.

Abstract: In a first aspect of the present invention, a wireless power transmission link is proposed, which while substantially maintaining resonant coupling condition (resonance frequency of the source resonant circuit is substantially equal to the resonance frequency of the load resonant circuit) detects a coupling condition of the wireless power transmission link. In a further aspect of the present invention, a wireless power transmission link is suggested, which while substantially maintaining resonant coupling condition (resonance frequency of the source resonant circuit is substantially equal to the resonance frequency of the load resonance circuit) controlling the operating state of the wireless power transmission link such, that the coupling condition of wireless power transmission link is substantially limited to the critical coupling condition.

Abstract: A solid-state radio frequency (SSRF) water heating apparatus is disclosed. In embodiments, the SSRF water heater includes a water tank, SSRF generator array and RF sensors enclosed within an RF-shielded cage. The SSRF array synthesizes RF signals in the microwave range and transmits the RF energy through the water tank, exciting and heating the water molecules without direct contact. The RF sensors at the opposite end of the tank sense residual RF energy not absorbed by the water. Control processors regulate the generation and transmission of the RF energy based on the sensed residual energy. The heated water and/or generated steam is piped to hot water dispensers, beverage makers, or steam ovens.

Abstract: A security device for hindering data theft and data leaks via audio channel of a computer system is based on passing the audio signals through a coding vocoder that receives input audio signal from a computer and compressing the signal to a low bit-rate digital data indicative of human speech; and a decoding vocoder that decompress the digital data back to a secure audio signal. The data transfer of the protected audio channel is intentionally limited not to exceed the bit-rate needed to carry vocoder-compressed human speech which is well below the capabilities of unprotected audio channel. Both analog and digital audio ports may be protected. Hardware bit-rate limiter protect the system from software hacking.

Abstract: An oscillator circuit that includes a Wien bridge oscillator circuit, a full-wave rectifier circuit, coupled to an output of the Wien bridge oscillator circuit, an integrator circuit, coupled to an output of the full-wave rectifier circuit, and a multiplier circuit. The multiplier circuit may include a first input coupled to the output of the Wien bridge oscillator circuit, and a second input, coupled to an output of the integrator, wherein the multiple signals are configured to provide dynamic gain control to the Wien bridge oscillator circuit.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a first transistor, a second transistor coupled in parallel with the first transistor, and a first parasitic inductance between an emitter of the first transistor and an emitter of the second transistor. The semiconductor device includes a first circuit configured to provide a first gate driver signal to the first transistor based on a common driver signal and a second circuit configured to provide a second gate driver signal to the second transistor based on the common driver signal. The first circuit and the second circuit are configured to compensate for a voltage drop across the first parasitic inductance such that the first gate driver signal and the second gate driver signal are in phase with and at the same magnitude as the common driver signal.

Abstract: An oscillator circuit that includes a Wien bridge oscillator circuit, a full-wave rectifier circuit, coupled to an output of the Wien bridge oscillator circuit, an integrator circuit, coupled to an output of the full-wave rectifier circuit, and a multiplier circuit. The multiplier circuit may include a first input coupled to the output of the Wien bridge oscillator circuit, and a second input, coupled to an output of the integrator, wherein the multiple signals are configured to provide dynamic gain control to the Wien bridge oscillator circuit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a measuring circuit comprising a control block for controlling said circuit, a time base for providing a clock signal (fclk) in order to time said circuit, a sensor block which is designed to provide an output signal, said measuring circuit comprising in addition a first counting block which is timed to the clock frequency and a second counting block which is timed by the frequency of the output signal of the sensor block.

Abstract: An amplifier circuit for efficiently driving a tuned resonant load where the amplifier circuit controls the continuously variable resonant frequency of the tuned resonant load so as to match step changes or slower changes in the frequency of the signal with which it is being driven. The circuit includes a tuned resonant load, a driver, a controller and a feedback loop. The driver is coupled to the load and drives it with a driving signal at a frequency under the control of the controller. The controller dynamically controls the resonant frequency of the tuned resonant load in response to an error signal received through the feedback loop. The error signal represents the mismatch in phase between the resonant phase of the load current and the phase of the driving signal, or between the resonant phase of the tuning capacitor voltage offset by 90 degrees and the phase of the driving signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for generating a sinewave output signal and comprising an oscillator. The oscillator includes means for respectively connecting and disconnecting one of the device supply voltages, such that when connecting said supply voltage the sinewave output signal will be stabilised after a time period corresponding to an interval of 1-5 periods of the sinewave output signal.

Abstract: An active bridge oscillator is formed from a differential amplifier where positive feedback is a function of the impedance of one of the gain elements and a relatively low value common emitter resistance. This use of the nonlinear transistor parameter h stabilizes the output and eliminates the need for ALC circuits common to other bridge oscillators.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the use of discontinuous transmission in a cellular telephone. The preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a voice activity detector for detecting the presence or absence of speech and an energy detector for measuring the energy level of sound input to a microphone of a cellular telephone during the absence of speech. The present invention also includes a comparator for comparing the measured noise energy level against a threshold value. The determination as to the presence or absence of speech and the output of the comparator are provided to a controller. The controller enables discontinuous transmission when the energy level detected during the absence of speech is less than or equal to the threshold value and disables discontinuous transmission when the measured energy level exceeds the threshold value.

Abstract: The output matching networks normally included in a microwave power transistor package as well as the transistor combining network therefor are eliminated for heating applications, e.g. microwave ovens. In a preferred embodiment, the transistor dies of four microwave silicon bipolar power transistors are directly connected to the low impedance points of a common patch type antenna element, also referred to as an applicator, located within the wall of a heating chamber in place of a magnetron. Each pair of power transistors are electrically spaced one half wavelength apart and are located transverse to each other on the antenna. The transistors are operated in pairs with a 180.degree. phase difference so that mutually orthogonal longitudinal modes are excited in the antenna. Moreover, the transistors are frequency modulated over their prescribed frequency band to eliminate standing waves in the load, i.e. the article or substance being heated or cooked.

Abstract: The discharge lamp operating circuit comprises two series circuits, each including two switching devices, connected in parallel with the power supply, a series circuit, including a choke coil, a first capacitor, and a parallel circuit with a discharge lamp and a second capacitor, and connected between the middle points of the one and the other series circuit, reverse-direction rectifiers connected in parallel with the corresponding switching devices, said discharge lamp operating circuit turning on and off said discharge lamp by turning on and off the switching devices alternately. In this discharge lamp operating circuit, the timing of switching the switching devices is set from the closed condition to the open condition at a time when the current flowing through the switching devices is almost at zero level.

Abstract: A lamp driver circuit includes a high voltage secondary winding connectable to a gas discharge lamp. The secondary is wound on a magnetic core together with a pair of primary windings. The primary windings are coupled to one another as well as to an R-C network and an amplifier stage, the latter of which comprises a plurality of fast-switching transistors connected in parallel with one another. The bases of each of the transistors are connected to the R-C network by way of an element such as an incandescent lamp filament whose resistance varies with the current through the element.

Abstract: A circuit is disclosed for driving a piezo ceramic device as used in smoke alarms or other audio warning devices. The circuit detects the resonant frequency of the piezo horn and provides an alternating current at the resonant frequency of the horn for maximum sound output. The circuit has a self starting resonant oscillation characteristic. Two pairs of switches act in concert to alternatingly connect each side of the piezo horn to the supply voltage and ground, causing the maximum voltage swing across the piezo horn to be effectively twice the available power supply voltage.

Abstract: The subject gyrator circuit is realized by a single amplifier and six resistors, which resistors are selected to satisfy a single equation. This permits great flexibility in setting the Z.sub.12 and Z.sub.21 impedance values without affecting the stability of the basic circuit.

Abstract: The oscillator includes a high gain differential amplifier, the output of which alternately drives two sets of transistors which together provide the oscillator output signal. A first set of transistors operates during one-half cycle of the output while the other set is operating during the other half-cycle. A DC feedback path provides degenerative DC feedback to minimize the DC component of the output signal, while an AC feedback path, which includes a filter network which passes the circuit operating frequency at a 180.degree. phase shift relative to the phase of the output signal, provides regenerative AC feedback to maintain circuit oscillation.

Abstract: A full wave bridge inverter includes four switch arms, each including N bipolar, parallel transistor switching elements. During a first interval, emitter-collector paths of all transistors in the first and second arms are forward biased so current flows in a first direction from a DC source through a bridge diagonal. During a second interval, emitter-collector paths of all transistors of the third and fourth arms are forward biased so current flows from the source through the diagonal in a second direction. The transistors have a tendency to be activated into the conducting and cut-off conditions at different times, and different transistors have a tendency to conduct differing amounts of current while forward biased. To overcome these tendencies, there are 2N.sup.2 transformers, each including first and second windings having like numbers of turns.

Abstract: An RC oscillator comprising an amplifier with a first RC voltage divider coupling its output circuit to its non-inverting input circuit and a second RC voltage divider coupling its non-inverting input circuit to its inverting input circuit. The first RC voltage divider comprises a series RC network in its series arm and parallel RC network in its shunt leg. The second RC voltage divider has a capacitor in its series arm and a resistor in its shunt leg.

Abstract: A low frequency modulating signal and a high frequency carrier signal circuit employing a twin-T oscillator having an integrated circuit operational amplifier for producing the modulating signal and an L-C resonant feedback oscillator having a transistor amplifier for producing the carrier signal, and a monitoring shunt regulator for supplying a reference potential to the twin-T oscillator and biasing and operating potentials to the L-C resonant feedback oscillator and for deactivating the L-C resonant feedback oscillator when an increase in resistance occurs in the shunt regulator.

Abstract: A full bridge inverter includes four bipolar transistors of like conductivity type, connected in a bridge circuit including an apex to which a load is connected. During a first time interval, emitter collector paths of a first pair of transistors are connected betwen a DC source and the apex so that current flows in a first direction through the apex while the transistors are forward biased. The emitter collector paths of a second pair of transistors are connected with the source and the apex so that current flows in a second direction through the apex during a second interval while the transistors of the second pair are forward biased. A first transformer has first and second windings respectively connected in series with the emitters of the transistors of the first pair, such that voltages at the emitters of the transistors of the first pair have a tendency to vary in the same direction.

Abstract: A replica bridge sensing circuit, comprising an amplifier having inverting and non-inverting inputs, which are symmetrically connected to a generator through a bridge circuit that has replica elements in corresponding branches. Replica elements are defined as circuit components which because of identity of the manufacturing process, are nearly identical both physically and electrically. A nearly balanced replica bridge, so connected, between the input and the output of such an amplifier forms a Replica Bridge Oscillator (RBO) circuit. Non-linear elements are included in the oscillator circuit to stabilize the amplifier output amplitude and the phase angles between the inputs and output. Replica Bridge Oscillator operation is substantially immune to changes in environmental conditions and to changes in the power supply voltages.