Abstract: A simple construction for a family of non-uniform APSK constellations by the radial isomorphism between squares to circles is provided. The mutual information values indicate gains of at least 0.5 dB up to 1.5 dB with respect to the state of the art, such as the DVB-S2X constellations with 256 symbols. The invention also provides for a low-complexity detector of high-order modulated signals.

Abstract: A terrestrial communications network for providing broadband internet access to aerial platforms is described. In some embodiments, the cell site sector communications equipment comprises of at least two radio modules and two antenna apertures, the cell site transmits data to an aerial platform on only one antenna aperture, but receives from the aerial platform on all antenna apertures. In some embodiments, the cell site communications equipment divides each of the N data packet streams destined to N aerial platforms into multiple data packet sub-streams and sends each data packet sub-stream of an aerial platform on a different antenna aperture using a different frequency channel or antenna polarization, forming N beams from each antenna aperture, one beam toward each aerial platform.

Abstract: Systems and methods for storing and/or communicating digital data associated with amplitudes and phases of a virtual periodic waveform having a designated period between components include, in one embodiment, circuitry that converts a first amplitude and a first phase to a first corresponding voltage or current and applies the first corresponding voltage or current to a first one of the plurality of components, such as conductors connecting integrated circuit chips or capacitors of a DRAM device, and converts the first amplitude and the first phase to (n?1) corresponding voltages or currents based on amplitudes of the periodic waveform phase shifted by about m*(360/n) relative to the first phase where m is indexed from one to (n?1) and applies each corresponding voltage or current to an associated component. Decoding is performed by comparing magnitudes of the component signals relative to one another rather that to a plurality of thresholds.

Abstract: A system and method verifies phase shifter operation in an antenna array system. The system can include and the method can use a number of antenna elements, and a number of phase shifters. Each of the phase shifters is associated with the respective antenna element of the antenna elements and may include a power amplifier circuit. The system also can include and the method can also use a number of power sensors in communication with the phase shifters. Each of the phase shifters can be associated with a respective power sensor and the power sensor can be configured to detect power associated with the power amplifier circuit.

Abstract: A two-point phase modulator comprising a phase locked loop, PLL, having a voltage controlled oscillator, VCO, and a feedback path, a first modulation circuit for introducing a first modulation signal into the feedback path, the first modulation circuit generating the first modulation signal using a reference clock signal extracted from the PLL and derived from a first clock, a second modulation circuit for introducing a second modulation input into the VCO, the second modulation circuit generating the second modulation signal using a clock signal generated independently of the reference clock and a synchronizer for aligning the second modulation signal in time with the first clock signal.

Abstract: In a method for determining an interpolated complex valued sample, a radial component of the interpolated sample is determined using information on a radial component and information on of a phase component of a first complex valued sample and of a second complex valued sample.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure describe apparatuses, methods, and systems of front end module (FEM) having a feedback path that includes a passive attenuation network. The passive attenuation network may provide a feedback signal to a receive output port of the FEM that may be used as a basis for predistortion. Other embodiments may also be described and/or claimed.

Abstract: A receiver arranged to receive and to suppress a distortion in a receive signal, the receive signal comprising an information signal, the information signal occupying a first frequency band, the receive signal further comprising a pilot signal, the pilot signal occupying a second frequency band different from the first frequency band, the receiver comprising a pilot removal device arranged to receive a processed receive signal, and to extract and process the processed pilot signal from the processed receive signal as a processed extracted pilot signal, and to combine the processed extracted pilot signal with the processed receive signal to generate a distortion suppressed receive signal.

Abstract: A mobile wireless communications device includes a housing an antenna, and radio frequency (RF) circuitry. A transceiver is connected to the antenna and a processor is operative with the RF circuitry. The transceiver includes an In-phase and Quadrature (I/Q) Modulation and Power Amplification circuit having an In-phase (I) circuit with a modulator mixer and power amplifier circuit. A Quadrature (Q) circuit includes a modulator mixer and power amplifier circuit. A power combiner receives the separately amplified In-phase and Quadrature signals and sums and outputs the signals as a combined I and Q signal. The I and Q circuits are isolated from the combined I and Q signal to enhance antenna matching and transmitted radiated power (TRP) and reduce harmonic emission from the power amplification circuits.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus of the present invention includes polar modulator (601) that generates a power supply modulation signal and RF signals of a plurality of carrier frequency bands to be transmitted, power amplifier (603) that amplifies the RF signals from polar modulator (601), and power supply modulator (602) that modulates the power supply terminal of power amplifier (603) by a signal obtained by amplifying the power supply modulation signal from polar modulator (601). The power supply modulation signal is set based on a function using, as an argument, the power of the RF signal of each carrier frequency band output from power amplifier (603).

Abstract: A transmitter comprises a local oscillator circuit operable to generate a reference signal, a modulator circuit operable to generate a data-carrying signal using the reference signal, and a test signal generator circuit operable to generate a test signal using the reference signal. The test signal has a first bandwidth, and a test signal insertion circuit is operable to combine the data-carrying signal and the test signal to generate a combined signal. An amount of bandwidth in the combined signal allocated to the test signal is greater than the first bandwidth such that a component of the combined signal corresponding to the test signal is bordered by whitespace. A receiver may then use the test signal to determine and correct for phase noise introduced in the transmitter.

Abstract: A phased array antenna system with electrical tilt control incorporates a tilt controller (62) for splitting an input signal into three intermediate signals, two of which are delayed by variable delays T1 and T2 relative to the third. A corporate feed (64) contains splitters S3 to S10 and hybrids H1 to H6 for processing the intermediate signals to produce drive signals for elements of an antenna array (66); the drive signals are fractions and vector combinations of the intermediate signals. The tilt controller (62) and the corporate feed (64) in combination impose relative phasing on the drive signals as appropriate for phased array beam steering in response to variable delay of two intermediate signals relative to the third intermediate signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for combining digital signals. In one embodiment, a computer implemented method and an apparatus implementing the method combines a plurality of digital signals. The method determines, within a sample set of the plurality of digital signals, a maximum positive integer value and a maximum negative integer value. The method adds the maximum positive integer value to the maximum negative integer value to form an output value representing a combination of the plurality of digital signals within the sample set. The method repeats the foregoing steps for each additional sample set of digital signals.

Abstract: A method and system for achieving increased efficiency in a quadrature modulated power amplifier (11) are disclosed. In some embodiments, a supply path (36, 40) and a gain path (38, 42) are provided in each of an I-channel and a Q-channel. The supply path (36, 40) produces a variable voltage and the gain path (38, 42) produces a gain control signal. The variable voltage and gain control signal are used by a variable gain power amplifier (44, 46) to modulate a local oscillator signal to produce a modulated radio signal.

Abstract: A communication system includes a polar conversion component, a polar modulator, an RF front-end component, a feedback receiver, a delay compensation component, and an adder. The polar conversion component is configured to provide an amplitude signal and a phase signal. The polar modulator is configured to receive amplitude signal and the phase signal and to provide the phase modulated local oscillator signal and an RF output signal. The RF front-end component is configured to receive the RF output signal and to provide a coupled output signal. The feedback receiver is configured to receive the phase modulated local oscillator signal and the coupled output signal and to generate an uncompensated feedback phase information signal. The delay compensation component is configured to receive the phase signal and the uncompensated feedback phase information signal and to generate a compensation signal.

Abstract: An ultra-wide band frequency modulator is disclosed. The frequency modulator includes a direct modulation phase lock loop that receives a small component. The frequency modulator also includes a delay module that produces a plurality of delay lines. The frequency modulator further includes an edge selector that receives a large component and the plurality of delay lines.

Abstract: A communications system includes a target receiver having a passband and configured to receive an intended signal within the passband. The communications system also includes a jammer configured to jam the target receiver from receiving the intended signal. The jammer has at least one antenna, a jammer receiver coupled to the at least one antenna, a jammer transmitter coupled to the at least one antenna, and a controller configured to cooperate with the jammer receiver. The controller is configured to detect the intended signal and to generate an interfering signal comprising a continuous phase modulation (CPM) waveform having a constant envelope so that the interfering signal at least partially overlaps the passband of the target receiver.

Abstract: An apparatus for coding a signal by means of amplitude shift keying comprises a class E amplifier including a switching transistor, to whose gate is supplied a voltage having an operating frequency for operating the class E amplifier. For achieving an amplitude shift keying in the output signal of the class E amplifier, a circuit for switching the operating frequency of the voltage supplied to the gate of the switching transistor, or the resonance frequency of the class E amplifier, between a first value and a second value is provided and in order to switch a deviation degree between the operating frequency and the resonance frequency between a first value and a second value.

Abstract: An amplifier receives an amplitude signal of a polar modulated signal at a base terminal of a transistor and receives a phase modulated carrier signal of the polar modulated signal at the base terminal of the transistor. The amplifier combines the amplitude signal and the phase modulated signal to produce a full complex waveform at a collector terminal of the transistor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polar signal generator and method of deriving phase and amplitude components from in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) components of an input signal, wherein the I and Q components are generated at a first sampling frequency based on the input signal, and are then up-sampled in accordance with a predetermined first interpolation factor (N), to generate up-sampled I and Q components at a second sampling frequency higher than the first sampling frequency. The up-sampled I and Q components are converted into the phase and amplitude components, wherein the converting step is operated at the second sampling frequency. Moreover, the phase and amplitude components can be further up-sampled, optionally by different sampling frequencies, to a third and a fourth sampling frequency. Thereby, I-Q generation and cartesian-to-polar transformation can be performed at lower frequencies, which reduces power consumption.

Abstract: A parametric audio system that permits greater control over the bandwidth of a modulated signal. The system includes a carrier signal generator for generating a carrier signal, at least one audio signal source for generating at least one audio signal, and a modulation component for generating an envelope signal based on the at least one audio signal, modulating the phase of the carrier signal based on a predetermined function to generate a first modulated signal, and multiplying the envelope signal and the first modulated signal to generate a second modulated signal. By selection of the predetermined function, the modulation component can alter the spectrum of the second modulated signal, thereby permitting greater control over the bandwidth of the second modulated signal.

Abstract: A generator of a high-power modulated signal, a method for calibrating the generator, and a magnetic resonance imaging system. The generator includes means for generating a sinewave signal phase-shifted by a first variable value relative to a phase reference and a sinewave signal phase-shifted by a given fixed value added to a second variable value relative to the phase reference, the second variable value opposite to the first variable value relative to the phase reference, the variable values representative of the modulation of the radiofrequency signal, the two sinewave signals being of constant amplitude, two amplifiers each amplifying one of the sinewave signals in a congested regime, and a fixed phase shifter with a value equal to the given value of the means to generate the two sinewave signals, the fixed phase shifter coupling the signals originating from the two amplifiers to deliver the modulated radiofrequency signal.

Abstract: A Direct VCO (DCO) modulation apparatus and method that provides a wideband modulated signal output. The wideband response is obtained via signal processing to counteract a high-pass frequency characteristic as seen from the VCO modulation input. That is, low frequency components of data signals are compensated before being applied to a VCO input. The high-pass characteristic in combination with the compensated signal provides a relatively flat, wideband frequency response of the DCO modulator.

Abstract: A system and method for a radio controlled clock receiver adapted to extract timing and time information from a phase modulated signal. The official time signal is broadcast from a central location using a modified modulation scheme, which adds phase modulation over the legacy amplitude modulation, such as the legacy WWVB pulse width modulated (PWM)/amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation, thereby allowing for improved performance. The information modulated onto the phase contains a known synchronization sequence having good autocorrelation properties, error-correcting coding for the time information and notifications of daylight-saving-time (DST) transitions that are provided months in advance. The modulation scheme is based on a form of phase modulation, such as binary-phase-shift-keying (BPSK) or phase reversal keying (PRK).

Abstract: A quadrature out-phasing system comprising: a first baseband signal modifier (6) arranged to receive a first baseband signal component (2) and output a first constant envelope RF carrier (12) and a second constant envelope RF carrier (14); and a second baseband signal modifier (8) arranged to receive a second baseband signal component (4) and output a third constant envelope RF carrier (16) and a fourth constant envelope RF carrier (18). The system may further comprise: a first signal combiner (500) arranged to combine the first constant envelope RF carrier (12) and the second constant envelope RF carrier (14), and arranged to output a first RF PWM signal (94); and a second signal combiner (502) arranged to combine the third constant envelope RF carrier (16) and the fourth constant envelope RF carrier (18), and arranged to output a second RF PWM signal (96).

Abstract: Enhanced polar modulator for transmitter. Within a phase locked loop (PLL), two point modulation topology is employed in which phase information passes through a limiter (e.g., a ±90° or ±?/2), the phase information dynamic range is divided by a factor (e.g., by 2), and a maximum frequency deviation is also divided by a factor (e.g., by 2). Then, a double balanced up-converter mixer/modulator performs gain adjustment (e.g., magnitude and/or amplitude adjustment) and phase changes of 0° and +180° or 0 and +? (e.g., negative gains values may be employed). Phase adjustment in such an architecture is split and provided to both the PLL and to the mixer/modulator of such a polar modulator within a transmitter module such as may be implemented within a communication device (e.g., which may be a wireless communication device). This architecture that includes a PLL with a double balanced up-converter mixer/modulator suppresses even harmonics.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polar modulation transmission circuit wherein distortion components resulting from variations between individual amplifiers are compensated for with few man-hours, and deterioration in signal quality is effectively suppressed. A frequency converter (180) converts the frequency of an output signal of a high frequency power amplifier (170) and outputs a frequency domain signal, and a phase compensation unit (150) measures the power level, for each delay amount, at a low frequency band and high frequency band wherein the detuning frequency from the frequency domain signal is the same, calculates the “unlevel amount” (relative level difference) between the power level of the low frequency band and power level of the high frequency band for each delay amount, and determines the compensation characteristics on the basis of the relationship of the unlevel amount (relative level difference) to the delay amount.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polar modulation apparatus and method, in which a polar-modulated signal is generated based on separately processed phase modulation (PM) and amplitude modulation (AM) components of an input signal. An amplified polar modulated output signal is generated in accordance with the phase modulation and amplitude modulation components by using a differential power amplifier circuitry(30) and supplying an amplified phase modulation component to a differential input of the differential power amplifier circuitry(30). A bias input of the differential power amplifier circuitry(30) is controlled based on the amplitude modulation component, so as to modulate a common-mode current of the differential power amplifier circuitry(30). Thereby, a new concept of a polar modulator with static DC-DC converter and power and/or efficiency and/or linearity controlled output power amplifier can be achieved.

Abstract: Methods, systems and software are provided for high order signal modulation based on improved signal constellation and bit labeling designs for enhanced performance characteristics, including decreased power consumption. According to the improved signal constellation and bit labeling designs for enhanced performance characteristics, designs for 8-ary, 16-ary, 32-ary and 64-ary signal constellations are provided. According to an 8-ary constellation, improved bit labeling and bit coordinates are provided for a 1+7APSK signal constellation. According to a 16-ary constellation, improved bit labeling and bit coordinates are provided for a 6+10APSK signal constellation. According to three 32-ary constellations, improved bit labeling and bit coordinates are provided for a 16+16APSK signal constellation and two 4+12+16APSK signal constellations.

Abstract: A polar modulator for generating a polar-modulated signal based on amplitude information and phase information includes a phase-locked loop which is implemented to enable a setting of a frequency depending on a control value to obtain a phase-locked loop output signal. The polar modulator further includes a modulation means which is implemented to combine an amplitude modulation signal derived from the amplitude information with the phase-locked loop output signal to generate the polar-modulated signal. The polar modulator further includes a control value generator which is implemented to high-pass filter an amplitude signal derived from the amplitude information, to obtain a high-pass filtered amplitude signal, wherein the control value generator is implemented to combine the high-pass filtered amplitude signal with a phase signal based on the phase information to generate the control value signal representing the control value.

Abstract: A feedback loop is used to determine phase distortion created in a signal by directly extracting the phase distortion information from a feedback signal using original frequency modulation information.

Abstract: A fan speed control circuit includes a first fan, a second fan, a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, a PWM regulator, and a driving module. The first temperature sensor senses a temperature of the first component to generate a first temperature signal. The second temperature sensor senses a temperature of a second component to generate a second temperature signal. The PWM regulator is connected to the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor. The PWM regulator generates a first PWM signal according to the first temperature signal and generates a second PWM signal according to the second temperature signal. The driving module is connected to the PWM regulator. The driving module generates a first driving voltage provided to the first fan according to the first PWM signal. The driving module also generates a second driving voltage provided to the second fan according to the second PWM signal.

Abstract: A wideband phase modulator comprises a multiphase generator, a phase selector, and a phase adjuster. The wideband phase modulator is configured to receive an N-bit digital phase-modulating signal comprising a timed sequence of N-bit phase-modulating words, where N is a positive integer representing the bit resolution of the N-bit digital phase-modulating signal. The multiphase generator generates a plurality of coarse carrier phases, all having the same carrier frequency but each offset in phase relative to the other. The M most significant bits of the N-bit phase-modulating words are used to form M-bit phase select words that control the output phase of the phase selector. The phase adjuster performs a precision rotation operation, whereby a selected coarse carrier phase is adjusted so that the phase of the resulting final precision phase-modulated signal more closely aligns with a desired precision phase.

Abstract: A circuit includes a phase shifter configured to selectively shift a phase of a baseband phase signal in accordance with a zero crossing signal to output a selectively phase-shifted signal, a phase modulator configured to provide a phase modulated carrier signal in accordance with the selectively phase-shifted signal, and an inverter configured to selectively invert the phase modulated carrier signal in accordance with the zero crossing signal.

Abstract: Polar feedback architecture. A polar modulator, as may be implemented within a transmitter module, of a communication device includes feedback. This feedback involves monitoring of phase information and magnitude/amplitude information of an output signal generated by the polar modulator. The output signal can be a radio frequency (RF) signal such as may be transmitted via a communication channel within a communication system. A baseband processing module processes the monitored phase information and magnitude/amplitude information to perform adjustment of a phase modulator and/or other components within the polar modulator.

Abstract: In order to generate a broadband, frequency-modulated output signal, of which the carrier frequency is adjustable within a wide frequency range, a frequency-modulated signal is generated on an arbitrary, fixed carrier frequency, which is then converted into IQ signals, and the IQ signals generated in this manner are combined with the desired carrier frequency by IQ modulation to form the frequency-modulated output signal. By preference, the generated IQ signals are low-pass filtered before the IQ modulation.

Abstract: Provided is a Polar modulation apparatus which compensates for output characteristics of a power amplifier. A data generator generates an amplitude component signal and a phase component signal. A phase modulator generates a phase modulated signal obtained by phase modulating the phase component signal. An adder adds an amplitude offset voltage to the amplitude component signal. A power amplifier which includes a first hetero-junction bipolar transistor, amplifies the phase modulated signal by using the amplitude component signal. A monitor unit monitors the power amplifier and outputs a monitor voltage. The control unit calculates the amplitude offset voltage according to the monitor voltage and outputs the calculated amplitude offset voltage to the adder. The monitor unit includes a second hetero-junction bipolar transistor and outputs a collector emitter voltage of the second hetero-junction bipolar transistor as the monitor voltage.

Abstract: Apparatus for generating a modulation signal for use in modulating the power supply of a power amplifier uses coarse and fine control for controlling the amplitude of the modulation signal, and thereby controlling the output power of the power amplifier. The modulation signal may be generated in the digital domain and converted to the analog domain by a digital-to-analog converter, with the digital-to-analog converter providing the fine control and a variable gain amplifier providing the coarse control of the analog signal.

Abstract: A polar modulator for generating a polar-modulated signal based on amplitude information and phase information includes a phase-locked loop which is implemented to enable a setting of a frequency depending on a control value to obtain a phase-locked loop output signal. The polar modulator further includes a modulation means which is implemented to combine an amplitude modulation signal derived from the amplitude information with the phase-locked loop output signal to generate the polar-modulated signal. The polar modulator further includes a control value generator which is implemented to high-pass filter an amplitude signal derived from the amplitude information, to obtain a high-pass filtered amplitude signal, wherein the control value generator is implemented to combine the high-pass filtered amplitude signal with a phase signal based on the phase information to generate the control value signal representing the control value.

Abstract: A polar modulator for generating a polar-modulated signal based on amplitude information and phase information includes a phase-locked loop which is implemented to enable a setting of a frequency depending on a control value to obtain a phase-locked loop output signal. The polar modulator further includes a modulation means which is implemented to combine an amplitude modulation signal derived from the amplitude information with the phase-locked loop output signal to generate the polar-modulated signal. The polar modulator further includes a control value generator which is implemented to high-pass filter an amplitude signal derived from the amplitude information, to obtain a high-pass filtered amplitude signal, wherein the control value generator is implemented to combine the high-pass filtered amplitude signal with a phase signal based on the phase information to generate the control value signal representing the control value.

Abstract: A power amplifier that amplifies an RF modulation signal containing an amplitude modulation component and a phase modulation component, including a polar modulator that outputs an amplitude component signal that is the amplitude modulation component of the RF modulation signal, a direct current power supply that outputs a direct current voltage, a pulse modulator that pulse-modulates the amplitude component signal, a pulse amplification circuit that amplifies a pulse modulation signal, a combining circuit that adds a direct current voltage that is outputted from the direct current power supply to an output signal of the pulse amplification circuit, a low pass filter that smoothens an output signal of the combining circuit, and an RF amplifier that not only amplifies the RF modulation signal, but also amplitude-modulates the amplified signal with an output signal of the low pass filter and outputs the resultant signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polar modulation transmission circuit wherein distortion components resulting from variations between individual amplifiers are compensated for with few man-hours, and deterioration in signal quality is effectively suppressed. A frequency converter (180) converts the frequency of an output signal of a high frequency power amplifier (170) and outputs a frequency domain signal, and a phase compensation unit (150) measures the power level, for each delay amount, at a low frequency band and high frequency band wherein the detuning frequency from the frequency domain signal is the same, calculates the “unlevel amount” (relative level difference) between the power level of the low frequency band and power level of the high frequency band for each delay amount, and determines the compensation characteristics on the basis of the relationship of the unlevel amount (relative level difference) to the delay amount.

Abstract: Various embodiments relate to a transmission circuit and related method of shaping the transmission spectrum of a carrier signal. The transmission circuit may comprise a plurality of switching amplifier stages that are controlled by a modulation sequence produced by a transmission (TX) modulator. The TX modulator may receive the transmission data as a sequence of bit groups and may produce a modulation sequence including a plurality of control bits that may drive each of the switching amplifier stages. In some embodiments, one or more pulse-shaping filters may modify in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) phase components of the transmission data. The modified components may directly shape spectral content of the output signal produced by a transmission driving circuit. Higher quantities of amplifier stages included in the transmission driving circuit may add higher granularity to the shape of the spectrum of the output signal.

Abstract: A generator of a high-power modulated signal, a method for calibrating the generator, and a magnetic resonance imaging system. The generator includes means for generating a sinewave signal phase-shifted by a first variable value relative to a phase reference and a sinewave signal phase-shifted by a given fixed value added to a second variable value relative to the phase reference, the second variable value opposite to the first variable value relative to the phase reference, the variable values representative of the modulation of the radiofrequency signal, the two sinewave signals being of constant amplitude, two amplifiers each amplifying one of the sinewave signals in a congested regime, and a fixed phase shifter with a value equal to the given value of the means to generate the two sinewave signals, the fixed phase shifter coupling the signals originating from the two amplifiers to deliver the modulated radiofrequency signal.

Abstract: A multi-phase pulse-modulated polar transmitter and a method of generating a pulse-modulated envelope signal carrying modulated RF signal. Multi-phase pulse modulation technique or similar multi-phase pulse modulation techniques are employed in conjunction with a plurality of power amplifiers to enhance the bandwidth of the transmitter and to reduce out-of-band emissions and noises while easily synchronizing the phase and envelope of the input signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to using windowing to reduce the bandwidth of an amplitude modulation (AM) power supply input signal (PSIS), which is fed to an AM power supply to provide envelope power to an RF power amplifier stage via an AM power supply output signal. By reducing the bandwidth, noise levels from the AM power supply may be reduced. However, although the bandwidth of the AM PSIS is reduced, the AM power supply output signal may track the AM of the RF power amplifier stage closely enough to meet linearity requirements and to provide high efficiency. The windowing may be based on dividing a stream of AM input samples into a stream of input windows, from which a stream of output windows is created to provide a stream of windowed AM input samples that are used to provide a windowed AM PSIS to the AM power supply.

Abstract: Modulators for amplitude-modulating signals defined by phase information and envelope codes are provided with first transistors for receiving the phase information and second transistors for receiving the envelope codes. The first main electrode of one transistor is coupled to the second main electrode of the other transistor and the other second main electrode constitutes an output of the modulator. This modulator can be used in any kind of transistor environment and is simple and low cost. The doped areas of the coupled first and second main electrodes comprise an overlap to reduce cross-talk and to reduce silicon area. Polar transmitters are provided with this modulator and with a circuit for generating a phase/frequency code and the envelope code and with an oscillator for receiving the phase/frequency code and for generating the phase information. A phase shift between the phase information and the envelope code reduce aliases.

Abstract: Enhanced polar modulator for transmitter. Within a phase locked loop (PLL), a two point modulation topology is employed in which phase information passes through a limiter (e.g., a ±90° or ±?/2) in which the phase information dynamic range is divide by a factor (e.g., by 2) and a maximum frequency deviation is also divided by a factor (e.g., by 2). Then, a double balanced up-converter mixer/modulator is implemented to perform gain adjustment (e.g., magnitude and/or amplitude adjustment) and phase changes of 0° and +180° or 0 and +? (e.g., negative gains values may be employed). Phase adjustment in such an architecture is split and provided to both the PLL and to the mixer/modulator of such a polar modulator within a transmitter module such as may be implemented within a communication device (e.g., which may be a wireless communication device). This architecture that includes a PLL with a double balanced up-converter mixer/modulator suppresses even harmonics.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for adjustment of spectral signal characteristics in polar modulators are described. A composite signal detection circuit is configured to detect when a signal trajectory of a composite signal provided to the polar modulator passes near the origin of a complex plane associated with the composite signal, and then adjusts the composite signal to pass through the origin. A spectral adjustment circuit is described to adjust AM and FM or PM components of the composite signal to reduce the deviation of an FM component of the composite signal.

Abstract: A method for modulating a signal transmitted by a first device to a second device which is energised by the signal, wherein the first device is further arranged to amplitude modulate the signal so as to transmit data thereon, the method further comprising phase modulating the signal.