Abstract: A novel winding method is described herein which eliminates the circulating currents for wound transformers. A first layer of a wire is wound about the core at a first set of angles. Next, a loop is pulled to form slack in the wire and the wire is continued to be wound at a second set of angles. The loop provides sufficient slack for the cutting and connecting described further below. The winding and loop pulling continues for s sequences to achieve the desired winding. The wire is then cut at each loop.

Abstract: The embodiments relate to a directional coupler including, in each case, one connection for a first, a second, a third, and a fourth port. The coupler includes a first coupling network for providing the connection for the first port and a second coupling network for providing the connection for the second port. The first and second coupling networks are both connected to the connections for the third and fourth ports, wherein the second coupling network has a first inductance connected between the third port and an electrical reference potential, a first capacitance connected between the fourth port and the electrical reference potential, a second capacitance connected between the third port and the second port, and a second inductance connected between the fourth port and the second port.

Abstract: Doherty power amplifier combiner with tunable impedance termination circuit. A signal combiner can include a balun transformer circuit having a first coil and a second coil. The first coil can be implemented between a first port and a second port. The second coil can be implemented between a third port and a fourth port. The first port and the third port can be coupled by a first capacitor. The second port and fourth port can be coupled by a second capacitor. The first port can be configured to receive a first signal. The fourth port can be configured to receive a second signal. The second port can be configured to yield a combination of the first signal and the second signal. The signal combiner can include a termination circuit that couples the third port to a ground. The termination circuit can include a tunable impedance circuit.

Abstract: A transmission line transformer (TLT) and a device for delivering serial digital signals at relatively high rates which comprises four such TLTs is provided. Each TLT has a primary and secondary coils winded at the same direction around a common core. Each of the primary and secondary coils comprises two segments of wires. The four segments of wires are grouped to a bundle which is axially twisted, wherein this twisting is characterized by a predefined number of full rotations relative to the axis of the bundle per a unit length, measured along this axis.

Abstract: A signal transmission arrangement is disclosed. A voltage converter includes a signal transmission arrangement.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved high power RF (radio frequency) splitter/combiner that is appropriate for use in a wide range of frequencies and applications, including KHz to GHz, including in the L, S, and C bands. The present invention provides a high power RF splitter/combiner that operates without the inconvenience of the balanced isolation load requirement of the Wilkinson splitter/combiner topology—i.e. the isolation load returns to ground rather than being connected between a pair of floating nodes.

Abstract: A balun includes an unbalanced port having a single-ended terminal, a balanced port having first and second differential terminals, and first and second series resonant LC circuits. The first series resonant LC circuit is connected between the first and second differential terminals, and includes a first element of a first type and one element of a second type connected in series. The second series resonant LC circuit is connected between the single-ended terminal and ground, and includes second and third elements of the first type and the one element of the second type connected in series. The one element of the second type is shared by the first and second series resonant LC circuits. The first differential terminal is connected between the one element of the second type and the third element of the first type.

Abstract: A multilayer power splitter includes a laminate contains two transformers, wherein the inductance ratio of the primary side and secondary side of the first transformer is adjusted to 4:1, whereas the inductance ratio of the primary side and secondary side of the second transformer is adjusted to 1:1. An input port is branched into two for inputting to the primary side and secondary side of the first transformer in opposite phases, with one output made from the first output port. The other output from the first transformer is branched into two for inputting to the primary side and secondary side of the second transformer in opposite phases, with one output made from the second output port and the other output made from the third output port.

Abstract: An improved local oscillator (LO) driver circuit for a mixer, the LO driver circuit includes a gain circuit responsive to LO input signals at a predetermined LO frequency range. At least a first pair of a parallel combination of a resistor and a capacitor is coupled to the gain circuit and to LO inputs of the mixer. The resistor configured to increase impedance at low frequencies of the frequency range and the capacitor is configured to reduce the impedance of the first parallel combination at high frequencies of the frequency range to reduce resistive impendence of the resistor. At least a second pair of a parallel combination of a low quality factor inductor and a high quality factor inductor is connected to the first pair. The second pair in serial combination with the first pair is tuned to provide a constant desired load impedance and a constant desired voltage swing at the LO inputs of the mixer over the predetermined LO frequency range.

Abstract: There are provided a power combiner implemented by a printed circuit board, a power amplifying module having the same, and a signal transceiving module.

Abstract: A method for designing a coupling-function based millimeter wave electrical element. The method comprises computing a length of a first metal line and a second metal line; computing a first number of turns for the first metal line and a second number of turns for the second metal line; determining a width value of each of the first metal line and the second metal line; determining a spacing value between the first metal line and the second metal line; winding the first metal line on a first metal layer according to the first number of turns and winding the second metal line on the first metal layer and, in part, on a second metal layer according to the second number of turns, thereby resulting in a spiraled structure; and setting ports for the spiraled structure to form a complete design of the millimeter wave electrical element.

Abstract: A miniaturized (compact) millimeter wave hybrid based on a coupling function and associated method for designing millimeter wave electrical elements based on a coupling function is provided. The invention overcomes a drawback of conventional coupled transmission lines structures and equivalent lumped elements in that they are considerably large in size for IC designs making such structures unsuitable for use in RFICs' designs. Hence, such structures are not partial in millimeter wave electrical elements, and more particularly elements that should be integrated in devices for 60 GHz applications.

Abstract: A phase shifting device is disclosed. The phase shifting device comprises an input operable to receive an input signal to be adjusted; a coupling device coupled with the input and with an output; and at least one lumped equivalent impedance transformer circuit coupled with the coupling device to receive the input signal, the lumped equivalent impedance transformer circuit having liquid crystal variable capacitors operable to adjust the input signal in response to a bias voltage applied thereto and to provide the adjusted input signal to the coupling device as an output signal. Rather than using a microstrip structure, a lumped element equivalent is instead used, which makes it possible to exploit the advantages of a liquid crystal structure but in a more compact form.

Abstract: A compact and low-cost radiofrequency coupler, notably for the production of radiofrequency transmitters, includes a transmission line and a measuring line, the measuring line being coupled to the transmission line by the intermediary of windings, the transmission line, the measuring line and the windings being printed on a printed circuit board, upon which is fixed, by a clip-on technique, a binocular ferrite core that is essentially planar and E-shaped and whose central branch is disposed between the transmission line and the measuring line and whose distal branches are disposed in the central region of the planar windings.

Abstract: The signal processing apparatus contains a first signal transforming circuit and a second signal transforming circuit. The first signal transforming circuit includes four first coupled lines and two second coupled lines, wherein two ends of each first coupled line are configured to carry a first pair of differential signals respectively, each second coupled line is magnetically coupled to two of the first coupled lines in parallel and comprises two signal ports, to which the two ends of each of the magnetically-coupled first coupled lines are placed symmetrically for transferring a second pair of differential signals. The second signal transforming circuit is configured to convert between the second pairs of differential signals at the signal ports and a third pair of differential signals at connecting ports of the second signal transforming circuit.

Abstract: A splitter circuit for separating voice and data signals includes an input, a first output, a second output, a first inductance transformer, a second inductance transformer, a plurality of capacitors, and a plurality of resistors. The first inductance transformer and the second inductance transformer are connected in series. The second inductance transformer includes a core, a first coil winding, and a second coil winding. The first coil winding and the second coil winding are wound on the core and are connected in series. Two connecting terminals of the first inductance transformer are connected to the input, and two connecting terminals of the first coil winding are connected to the second output. Capacitors and the resistors are interconnected between the first inductance transformer and the second inductance transformer.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for wireless power transfer using resonant ferrite antennas to transmit and receive power. Ferrite structures concentrate magnetic flux lines into the structure, thereby creating a magnetic path and field with less interference and eddy current losses than in device electronics, thereby improving the efficiency of magnetic power distribution. The disclosure describes tuning the resonance frequency by mechanically adjusting the position of the coil on the rod. The ferrite rod antennas described herein may be used to transfer power to handheld communication devices.

Abstract: There is provided a signal dividing device (10) for use in a co-axial network used for distributing signals within the home, the signal dividing device (10) comprising an impedance transformer (12), a first (14) and a second (16) two-way signal splitter, each two-way signal splitter having an input, and first and second outputs. The output (22) of the impedance transformer is connected to the input of the first and the second signal splitter, the other port (20) of the impedance transformer being connected to earth. Resistive elements (32, 34) are connected between the outputs of the first and second signal splitters respectively. A diplex filter (40) may be connected at the input (18) of the impedance transformer (12).

Abstract: A signal transmission arrangement includes input terminals for receiving an input signal and output terminals for providing an output signal. A first transformer has a primary winding and a secondary winding, the primary winding being coupled to the input terminals. A second transformer has a primary winding and a secondary winding, the primary winding being coupled to the secondary winding of the first transformer, and the secondary winding being coupled to the output terminals.

Abstract: A method for designing a coupling-function based millimeter wave electrical elements.

Abstract: A wide bandwidth planar four port MMIC transformer is provided by input diplexers which divide up the incoming signal into a high band and a low band, with the resulting signals coupled to high band and low band four port transformers implemented in one embodiment using spiral inductors and coupled lines, the outputs of which are combined using two output diplexers to provide a decade bandwidth transformer.

Abstract: A communication interface employing a differential circuit and method of use is disclosed. In one form, a circuit operable to communicate signals via a communication bus can include a differential signaling circuit operable to be coupled to a communication bus. The differential signaling circuit can include a first current carrying element and a second current carrying element. The circuit can also include a shunt circuit including a first transformer. The first transformer can include a primary transformer element and a secondary transformer element. The first transformer can be operably associated with the communication bus.

Abstract: A miniaturized multilayer hybrid-phase signal splitter circuit is proposed, which is fully equivalent in function to a conventional rat-race coupler, but with a specialized circuit layout structure that allows its IC implementation to be more miniaturized than the conventional rat-race coupler. The proposed hybrid-phase signal splitter circuit features the use of a multilayer substrate for the layout of six transmission lines in such a manner that the transmission lines in the middle layer are inductively coupled to the transmission lines on the overlying layer as well as the transmission lines on the underlying layer to form a Marchand balun. In IC implementation, the required layout area is only about 10% of the layout area for the conventional rat-race coupler.

Abstract: An RF power combiner used to combine an output received from a plurality of power amplifiers. The combined output is used to operate a gas discharge laser. In some embodiments, the power combiner consists of a network of transformers that provide an output to a load. In other embodiments, the power combiner consists of a plurality of transmission lines that are connected to a common connection point.

Abstract: A miniaturized multilayer hybrid-phase signal splitter circuit is proposed, which is fully equivalent in function to a conventional rat-race coupler, but with a specialized circuit layout structure that allows its IC implementation to be more miniaturized than the conventional rat-race coupler. The proposed hybrid-phase signal splitter circuit features the use of a multilayer substrate for the layout of six transmission lines in such a manner that the transmission lines in the middle layer are inductively coupled to the transmission lines on the overlying layer as well as the transmission lines on the underlying layer to form a Marchand balun. In IC implementation, the required layout area is only about 10% of the layout area for the conventional rat-race coupler.

Abstract: The hybrid junction includes four electrically conductive planar windings, circular or rectangular, arranged so as to lie along an imaginary spherical or cylindrical surface. Each of the four electrically conductive windings is rotated from adjacent windings by about forty-five degrees. The four electrically conductive windings are electrically insulated from each other and each include a respective signal port. The hybrid junction automatically splits and/or sorts signals. Signals applied to any port will split equally between the opposite port pairs. One output signal will be in-phase with the input signal, and the other output signal will be shifted by 0 or 180 degrees from the input signal. The input signal is split equally, output coupling may be half power or loose, and there is isolation between the output ports. The hybrid junction operates over a broad bandwidth.

Abstract: The hybrid junction includes four electrically conductive planar windings, circular or rectangular, arranged so as to lie along an imaginary spherical or cylindrical surface. Each of the four electrically conductive windings is rotated from adjacent windings by about forty-five degrees. The four electrically conductive windings are electrically insulated from each other and each include a respective signal port. The hybrid junction automatically splits and/or sorts signals. Signals applied to any port will split equally between the opposite port pairs. One output signal will be in-phase with the input signal, and the other output signal will be shifted by 0 or 180 degrees from the input signal. The input signal is split equally, output coupling may be half power or loose, and there is isolation between the output ports. The hybrid junction operates over a broad bandwidth.

Abstract: A three way power splitter that has a small package size. The three way power splitter includes a multi-layered low temperature co-fired ceramic substrate. An input transformer and three output transformers are attached to the top of the substrate. The transformers have wires that are attached to terminals on the top of the substrate. Three resistors are located on the top surface of the substrate under the transformers. A capacitor is located within the substrate. Terminals are also located on the bottom of the substrate. Several conductive vias extend through the substrate and connect the resistors, the capacitor and the terminals.

Abstract: A power splitter that has a small package size and repeatable electrical characteristics. The power splitter includes a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate with several layers. Electrical components such as resistors and capacitors are integrated within the LTCC substrate. A transformer is attached to the upper surface of the LTCC substrate and is electrically connected to the resistors and capacitors. The transformer provides impedance matching and dividing functions. The LTCC substrate has electrically conductive vias extending therethrough. The vias are used to connect the power splitter to an external printed circuit board. The vias are also used to make electrical connections between the layers of the LTCC substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a ninety degree coupler for a frequency range of 100 mHz to gigaHertz ranges and including a minimum number of components employing a four port device which receives an input signal and splits it between a transformer coil and another reactor and couples it to another port and splits it between the transformer and a capacitor, then cross-connecting to a capacitor where phase shift is created by the inductors and capacitors resulting in phase shift between the signal ports remaining at 90 degrees over a wide frequency band.

Abstract: A FET mixer uses a balun having a primary and secondary, with the primary coupled to an radio frequency signal input. The mixer also includes a pair of field effect transistors (FETs), wherein the gates are coupled to one another and to a local oscillator input. One of the source and the drain of the second of the two transistors is coupled at a node to one of the source and the drain of the other of the two transistors, and the node is coupled to ground. The other of the source and the drain of the first of the two transistors is coupled to one side of the secondary of the balun and the other of the source and the drain of the second of the two transistors is coupled to the other side of the secondary of the balun. An intermediate frequency signal output is coupled to a point in the circuit path between the first and second transistors.

Abstract: A modem coupling circuit comprising: (a) a transformer 1 having a core 1a including a gap formed therein, primary windings N1a, N1b constituting a bifilar wound coil which is wound around the core 1a, forming a single layer and connected to power lines L1, L2, and a secondary winding N2 connected to a transmitting circuit 2 and a secondary winding N3 connected to a receiving circuit 3, the secondary windings N2, N3 holding the single layer of the primary windings between; (b) a coupling capacitor C1 connected to a middle point between first ends of the primary windings, the first ends being not connected to the power lines L1, L2; (c) current limiting resistances R1a, R1b connected to the primary windings N1a, N1b having a bifilar construction; (d) drive resistances R2a, R2b connected to the secondary winding for transmission N2; and (e) terminating resistances R3a, R3b connected to the secondary winding for reception N3.

Abstract: A power splitter that has a small package size and repeatable electrical characteristics. The power splitter includes a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTTC) substrate with several layers. Electrical components such as resistors, capacitors and ground planes are integrated within the LTTC substrate. A binocular core transformer is attached to the upper surface of the LTTC substrate and is electrically connected to the resistors, capacitors and ground plane. The transformer provides impedance matching and dividing functions. The LTTC substrate has electrically conductive vias extending through the layers. The vias are used to connect the power splitter to terminals on outer surfaces of the substrate and to make electrical connections between the layers of the LTTC substrate. The power splitter circuit requires only one transformer.

Abstract: What is described here is an arrangement for transmitting electrical signals and/or energy between parts that can be rotated relative to each other, whereof the part (transmitting part) on which the transmitter is disposed comprises at least two electrical conductors whose shape is adapted to the trajectory or path of movement and into which said transmitter feeds the signal to be transmitted in a symmetrical form, while the other part comprises the receiver (receiving part), The inventive arrangement excels itself by the combination of the following features: the conductors of said transmitting part are terminated in a largely reflection-free manner in the region opposite to said transmitter, the receiver is of a high-ohmic design and comprises conductors matched with the conductors of said transmitting part, which are not terminated in a reflection-free manner and which are coupled to the conductors on said transmitting part by galvanic, inductive and/or capacitive means.

Abstract: A harmonic wave distortion suppressor includes a main body, at least a connecting pin and a coating. The main body is made of a first material and covered with a second material for absorbing an instantaneous high voltage or sharp wave. The connecting pin is coupled to two lateral sides of the main body respectively so as to form a capacitor. The coating is coated on the main body locally with a clearance being exposed and the clearance provides a function of charging and discharging locally. When the high voltage or sharp wave passes through the harmonic wave distortion suppressor, peak discharging effect of the clearance can not only isolate the high voltage or sharp wave from entering an electronic device but also prevent an iron core in the electronic device from occurring magnetization effect resulting from the high voltage or sharp wave so that quality of signal transmission and receiving can be secured.

Abstract: A directional coupler that has a small package size and repeatable electrical characteristics. The directional coupler includes a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate with several layers. Electrical components such as resistors and capacitors are integrated within the LTCC substrate. A transformer is attached to the upper surface of the LTCC substrate and is electrically connected to the resistors and capacitors. The LTCC substrate has electrically conductive vias extending therethrough. The vias are used to make electrical connections between the layers of the LTCC substrate.

Abstract: An RF wideband amplifier system is provided that includes an M way splitter for receiving an RF input signal and splitting same into M RF signals for respective application to M power amplifier modules PAM-1 to PAM-M that amplify the M signals and apply the amplified M signals to an M way combiner that applies an amplified RF signal to a load. A main controller provides an automatic level control reference signal, representative of the desired output power level of each of the power amplifier modules.

Abstract: The present invention provides a ninety degree coupler for a frequency range of 100 mHz to gigaHertz ranges and including a minimum number of components employing a four port device which receives an input signal and splits it between a transformer coil and another reactor and couples it to another port and splits it between the transformer and a capacitor, then cross-connecting to a capacitor where phase shift is created by the inductors and capacitors resulting in phase shift between the signal ports remaining at 90 degrees over a wide frequency band.

Abstract: Apparatus for monitoring a signal at an intermediate point on a series impedance source terminated unidirectional transmission line employs a voltage probe, a current probe, and a summing element. The apparatus provides a useful output signal despite the fact that signals at an intermediate point on the transmission line comprise the sum of incident and reflected waveforms. The voltage probe derives a signal from the transmission line that is representative of the sum of the incident and reflected waveforms. The current probe produces a voltage signal representative of the difference between the incident and reflected waveform currents. The summing circuit algebraically adds the output signals of the voltage and current probes, and produces an output signal representative of only one of the transmitted waveform or the reflected waveform.

Abstract: A power splitter that has a small package size and repeatable electrical characteristics. The power splitter includes a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTTC) substrate with several layers. Electrical components such as resistors, capacitors and ground planes are integrated within the LTTC substrate. A binocular core transformer is attached to the upper surface of the LTCC substrate and is electrically connected to the resistors, capacitors and ground plane. The transformer provides impedance matching and dividing functions. The LTCC substrate has electrically conductive vias extending through the layers. The vias are used to connect the power splitter to terminals on outer surfaces of the substrate and to make electrical connections between the layers of the LTCC substrate. The power splitter circuit requires only one transformer.

Abstract: A power line communications apparatus and method for providing communications over power leads connecting two pieces of electrical equipment. One power lead is split into similarly sized first and second parallel conductors. The first and second conductors pass through a current transformer, the first conductor having a load current flow opposite the second conductor with respect to the current transformer. The transmitted communications signal is applied to the secondary of the current transformer and is induced on the primary of the transformer, namely a loop formed by the first and second conductors. A second current transformer serves as a receiving transducer and senses the communications signal on the first and second conductors.

Abstract: The present invention provides a ninety degree coupler for a frequency range of 100 mHz to gigaHertz ranges and including a minimum number of components employing a four port device which receives an input signal and splits it between a transformer coil and another reactor and couples it to another port and splits it between the transformer and a capacitor, then cross-connecting to a capacitor where phase shift is created by the inductors and capacitors resulting in phase shift between the signal ports remaining at 90 degrees over a wide frequency band.

Abstract: A 90 degree splitter which covers a wide frequency range of 1500 to 2500 Mhz in a small footprint of only 0.2 inches by 0.2 inches. This device does not use any capacitors which greatly simplifies the construction and lowers the cost in comparison to conventional splitters.

Abstract: A directional coupler that has a small package size and repeatable electrical characteristics. The directional coupler includes a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate with several layers. Electrical components such as resistors and capacitors are integrated within the LTCC substrate. A transformer is attached to the upper surface of the LTCC substrate and is electrically connected to the resistors and capacitors. The LTCC substrate has electrically conductive vias extending therethrough. The vias are used to make electrical connections between the layers of the LTCC substrate.

Abstract: A 90 degree splitter which covers a wide frequency range of 1500 to 2500 Mhz in a small footprint of only 0.2 inches by 0.2 inches. This device does not use any capacitors which greatly simplifies the construction and lowers the cost in comparison to conventional splitters.

Abstract: A system and method for constructing a resistance integrated coupler adapted to be coupled between a data bus and a terminal device. The system and method includes the steps of calculating a desired resistance of a set of data-bus windings, wherein the desired resistance is substantially (1.5×Zo), wherein Zo is a selected data bus cable nominal characteristic impedance; winding the set of data-bus windings to form a first part of the resistance integrated coupler using a specified amount of high resistance wire, the specified amount of high resistance wire having a total resistance substantially equal to the calculated desired resistance; and winding a set of terminal device windings to form a second part of the resistance integrated coupler. The resistance integrated coupler is constructed substantially in accordance with the guidelines of MIL-STD-1553B.

Abstract: An RF directional coupler includes dual binocular ferrite cores. The dual cores are positioned back-to-back, such that the adjacent surfaces of each core contact each other. Each core has two generally cylindrical holes that extend through the core. Each hole preferably extends longitudinally through each respective core and is parallel to each other hole. One core is called the "main core" and the other core is called the "return core". Wire windings enter the coupler from the printed circuit board from the bottom of the coupler. A winding enters one hole in the main core and exits the hole on the top of the coupler. The winding then enters the corresponding hole in the return core from the top of the coupler. The winding then proceeds downwardly and exits the hole in the return core at the bottom of the coupler. After exiting the return core, the winding may then again enter the hole in the main core or may connected to a connection port on the printed circuit board.

Abstract: A high dynamic range mixer apparatus and mixing method where a wide high dynamic range is achieved in part due to the use of a series pair of switching devices that are matched so as to afford complete or substantial cancellation of nonlinearity distortion. The inventive structure and method preserves the compensation and cancellation mechanism of the series pair of back-to-back connected FETs without the need for either of an intermediate frequency (IF) balun or a radio-frequency (RF) balun. Typically, the switching devices are PETs, such as for example MESFETs, connected source-to-source with one drain terminal grounded, and a non-grounded or floating switching signal applied between the common gate and common source terminals.

Abstract: A window glass antenna apparatus comprises two antennas exclusively for receiving respective AM and FM radio signals, a first impedance transformer disposed between the antennas and a signal cable for transforming impedance in an AM frequency band from high impedance to low impedance, and a second impedance transformer provided at an output side of the signal cable for transforming impedance in the AM frequency band from low impedance to high impedance. The first impedance transformer includes a primary winding which has one end connected to the AM radio signal receiving antenna, and a tap provided at a primary side thereof and connected to FM radio signal receiving antenna. The second impedance transformer includes a secondary winding which has one end for serving as an AM radio signal output terminal, and a tap provided at a secondary side thereof for serving as an FM radio signal output terminal.

Abstract: In a multiple-stage-connected multiple-mode piezoelectric filter unit having a single container 1 in which there are connected, in cascade, two multiple-mode piezoelectric filter elements comprising at least one piezoelectric substrate and two electrode groups each comprising a pair of input/output electrodes and a grounding electrode, the electrode pairs being formed on one side of the piezoelectric substrate with a predetermined gap provided and the grounding electrodes being formed on the other side of the piezoelectric substrate at positions respectively opposite to the electrode pairs, it is an object of the present invention to enhance the ability of preventing the two filter elements from being coupled with each other, thus facilitating the final adjustment thereof. Formed in a single container 1 are two piezoelectric substrates 2, 3 on each of which formed are a pair of input/output electrodes and a grounding electrode.