Abstract: A dielectric resonator frequency discriminator comprising a microstrip, a single mode dielectric resonator coupled to the microstrip, at least one detector for detecting an RF signal coupled to the microstrip and an RF input for introducing an RF signal coupled to the microstrip.

Abstract: A hybrid including a substrate, a first dielectric layer, a ground metal, and a second dielectric layer, which are stacked in this order. Transmission lines are formed below and above the ground metal, and a slit is formed in the ground metal at a position corresponding to projection of the transmission lines onto the ground metal. The substrate has a greater dielectric constant than the dielectric layers. This makes it possible to prevent coupling between the upper and lower transmission lines, thereby implementing a high impedance, low loss transmission lines.

Abstract: An electrical circuit (400) includes a first input means (401) for providing an input signal, a first output means (406) for providing an output signal, and a transmission line device (405) electrically positioned between the first input means (401) and the first output means (406). The first transmission line device includes a first ground plane (409) disposed on a first dielectric substrate (402), a first conductive layer (405-1) enclosing a first area on a second dielectric substrate (403) that is positioned substantially adjacent to the first dielectric substrate (402). The transmission line device (405) further includes a second conductive layer (405-2) that encloses an area corresponding to the first area on a first major surface of a third dielectric substrate (404) that is positioned substantially adjacent to the second dielectric substrate.

Abstract: A magic-tee hybrid network fabricated as a single conductor layer circuit. The network is fabricated from two ring sections, connected together to provide four magic-tee ports, i.e., sum, difference and two input/output ports. The double ring network with single layer construction provides wide bandwidth at a low fabrication cost.

Abstract: There is disclosed a six-port hybrid microwave coupler comprising three inputs and three outputs which are isolated from each other and matched such that a signal applied to any one of the inputs produces signals on all three of the outputs, said signals being orthogonally distributed in phase and uniformly distributed in amplitude. The coupler has a plane configuration of transmission lines with an inner ring comprising three similar segments with the interconnection points of the segments constituting three input or outlet first ports of the coupler. The coupler also has an outer ring comprising three similar segments with the interconnection points of the segments constituting three outlet or input second ports, respectively, of the coupler. The coupler also has three radial branches connecting the interconnection points of the inner ring segments to corresponding interconnection points of the outer ring.

Abstract: An RF circuit includes an RF power divider circuit having an input port and a plurality of output ports the RF power divider circuit providing in response to a signal fed to the input port an output signal at each output port each output signal having known amplitude and known phase. The RF circuit further includes means for selectively coupling at least a portion of a signal fed to an input port of the RF circuit to the input port of the RF power divider circuit and a like plurality of directional coupler circuits each of the coupler circuits having an input port and a coupled port with each input port coupled to a corresponding one of the plurality of output ports of the power divider circuit and each coupled port corresponding to an output port of the RF circuit.

Abstract: A broad-band lumped element ring hybrid is comprised of a .pi. equivalent of a transmission line which is coupled to an electric ground through either a plurality of capacitors or plurality of inductors. The plurality of capacitors which are coupled to ground are coupled together with an inductor, while the plurality of inductors which are coupled to ground are coupled together with a capacitor. A plurality of tank circuits are coupled to the .pi. equivalent to broaden the bandwidth of the ring hybrid. Each tank circuit comprises an inductor and a capacitor.

Abstract: A four-port wide-band branch line coupler which distributes, to two output ports and over a wide bandwidth, a signal that is fed into an input port at any constant ratio with a phase difference of 90.degree., so that no power emanates from an isolated port. If a signal is fed into the isolated port, this power is also distributed to both output ports, so that no power emanates from the input port. The coupler has two identical rings consisting of quarter-wave length line sections that are connected by two half-wave length line sections and are connected, by series circuits made of half-wave length line sections with individual branch circuits connected in parallel to them, to the four ports. The circuit can be dimensioned for construction in microstrip technology or coaxial cable technology. Further, the circuit can be made of concentrated elements so that it can be used in microwave monolithic integrated circuits.

Abstract: A microwave power amplifier includes first and second circuits each having first, second, third and fourth terminals. Each of the first and second circuits has functions of distributing an input signal to the second and third terminals and generating first and second output signals 180.degree. out of phase with each other through the second and third terminals, respectively, adding a first pair of 180.degree. out-of-phase input signals to the second and third terminals and outputting a first resultant signal through the first terminal, and adding a second pair of in-phase input signals to the second and third terminals and outputting a second resultant signal through the fourth terminal.

Abstract: A passive 180 degree MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit) hybrid is developed which yields broad band widths, decreases the circuit surface area to increase production yield, and is compatible with GaAs (gallium arsenide) media used in MMIC circuits. The passive 180 degree MMIC hybrid comprises a in-phase combiner coupled to a delay transmission line through a plurality of adjusting capacitors. The coupling points of the in-phase combiner and the delay transmission line are further coupled to respective 180 degree hybrid outputs. A 0/180 input is coupled in common to the delay transmission line. The 90 degree hybrid comprises a plurality of transmission lines coupled to a 0/0 input of the 180 degree hybrid.

Abstract: A suspended substrate rat-race coupler utilizes an elliptic configuration of the usual circular rat-race coupler on a circuit card positioned within below cut-off suspended substrate housing channels. The channels within the suspended substrate housing are positioned to receive the arms of the elliptical rat-race coupler. The longitudinal axis of two of the suspended substrate channels are offset with respect to each other to accommodate the rat-race arms and are positioned either on the same side of a primary suspended substrate channel or on opposite sides of the primary suspended substrate channel. Connections to the four ports of the rat-race can thus be made without disrupting the TEM propagation mode within the suspended substrate device.

Abstract: A hybrid ring structure 180.degree. phase shifting apparatus or device capable of taking a single electrical input signal of predetermined frequency, splitting said signal into two isolated independent output signals utilizing engraving upon the substrate on one side only wherein said device is fully operable and compatible to operate in hybrid micro-electronic functions.

Abstract: A monopulse comparator is formed by milling grooves in opposed surfaces of aluminum circular blocks. The milled grooves define a number of waveguides, ports and hybrid junctions. A, B, C and D ports are coupled by respective waveguides to respective side branches in first and second hybrid rings. The series branches of these hybrid rings are coupled by respective waveguides to parallel and series branches respectively of a third ring hybrid ring. One side branch of this hybrid ring is coupled to an azimuth differential port by one of the waveguides. The other side branch is coupled to a termination by a waveguide. The parallel branches of the first and second hybrid rings are coupled by respective waveguides to respective side branches of a fourth hybrid ring. The parallel branch of this hybrid ring is coupled by a waveguide to the elevation differential port. The series branch of this hybrid ring is coupled by a waveguide to the sum port.

Abstract: A microwave coupler which receives an input signal and converts it into two output signals is dislosed wherein the output signals exhibit the same phasing, the output signals are isolated, and a predetermined ratio exists between the power level of one output signal and the power level of the other output signal. An equal-split power divider transforms the input signal into intermediate signals which are then isolated and phase shifted. A quadrature hybrid combines the phase shifted signals and produces the output signals.

Abstract: A microwave ring hybrid on a dielectric carrier substrate is provided with connecting arms designed in microstrip technique. The ring of the hybrid comprises a slit line made in a conductive layer on the side of the carrier substrate opposite that on which the strip conductors of the microstrip lines for the connecting arms are disposed.

Abstract: A broadband TEM mode four-port hybrid in a single-level microwave circuit in a transmission line medium selected from among the stripline, microstrip, airstrip, etc. media. The device employs coupled strip all-pass filter elements to provide a hybrid wherein isolation to the cross ports, power division to the coupled ports, and the 0.degree. and 180.degree. output phase relationships are independent of frequency over substantial frequency bandwidths.

Abstract: A microwave coupler device of planar circuit form, similar in form to a conventional branch arm coupler in that it comprises a substrate (23) having a ground plane conductor on one main face and an electrically conductive pattern on the other main face comprising a central portion (25) and four strip portions (27, 29, 31, 33) extending therefrom, but in which the central portion, instead of comprising four limbs in a rectangular configuration, is in the form of a rectangle with the strip portions extending from positions adjacent the corners of the rectangle.

Abstract: A circuit component for use with signals of superhigh frequency, on the order of 10 GHz or more, has a waveguide structure with four conductive walls defining a channel of rectangular cross-section, the channel bottom being overlain by a dielectric layer supporting at least one microstrip of copper or the like closely spaced from one of the lateral walls. The supporting layer preferably consists of a polymeric material of relatively low dielectric constant, e.g. between 2 and 3. The width and height of the channel are less than half the free-space wavelength of the highest-frequency signal to be transmitted; the circuit is tuned by metallic screws which are threaded into the adjoining wall and partly overlie the microstrip at a low level, the axes of adjacent screws being separated by less than an eighth of that wavelength.

Abstract: An improved monopulse comparator circuit is achieved by a unique circuit layout. Four hybrid junctions are arranged on a low dielectric constant substrate and are interconnected in such way as to form a closed square figure. Distances between adjacent hybrid junctions are thus minimized. Input lines which connect the comparator circuit to a monopulse antenna array are disposed on the substrate external to the closed figure, as are output lines which connect the comparator to a monopulse guidance system. Right angle microstrip to waveguide transitions are used so that the comparator circuit need not be integrated onto the same substrate as the antenna array and the guidance system. The entire comparator layout is channelized to increase isolation between closely spaced lines.

Abstract: A hybrid ring useful in the microwave and millimeter wave regions as a mixer for producing an IF output signal in response to applied LO and RF input signals. The ring is designed to exhibit a narrow bandwidth at the LO signal port and a moderately broad bandwidth at the RF signal port.

Abstract: A slotline directional coupler is disclosed that introduces a 180.degree. phase reversal in one of the arms of the coupler in order to isolate opposite ports of the coupler. One of the arms of the coupler is split and a quarter wave shorted slotline is added to each portion of the split coupler arm. The split coupler arm is bridged by a short conductive strap that, in a first embodiment, is grounded on both ends to the slotline ground plane or in a second embodiment, is extended to appear as though grounded. In the first embodiment, the conductive strap is separated from the ground plane by air. In the second embodiment the dielectric substrate of the coupler separates the strap from the ground plane. The conductive strap serves as a slotline-to-microstrip-to-slotline transition which introduces a 180.degree. phase shift in a signal propagating through it.

Abstract: A large N.times.N Butler matrix is comprised of a first plurality of smaller essentially flat M.times.M Butler matrices arranged in a first stack and a second plurality of smaller, essentially flat P.times.P Butler matrices arranged in a second stack in which the planes of the matrices are orthogonal to the planes of the matrices of the first plurality. M can be equal to or differ from P.

Abstract: An impedance transforming hybrid ring has a non-uniform impedance ring structure coupled to four ports. Two of the ports function as input ports, the remaining two as output ports. An arbitrary relationship exists between the impedance of the input ports and the impedance of the output ports. The power division between output ports may be selected as a matter of design choice. A broad band phase reversing network is utilized to provide an impedance transforming hybrid ring which efficiently operates over octave bandwidths. Design equations are provided and method for utilizing same are disclosed.

Abstract: Oscillations due to backward waves in a high-power traveling-wave tube (TWT) are inhibited by a non-reciprocal attenuating device which essentially absorbs only backward waves. A directional coupler mediates the exchange of energy between the TWT interaction circuit and an external circuit containing a non-reciprocal loss element such as a ferrite isolator. In such embodiments the high-frequency power handled by the isolator is much less than the power in the TWT interaction circuit. The frequency band handled by the isolator is much narrower than that handled by the TWT. Coupling to the loss element is through one or more resonant circuit elements such that a "notch" of attenuation is obtained for a backward wave only, at a certain frequency where oscillations are prone, such as the frequency associated with 2.pi. phase shift per cavity in a coalesced-mode coupled-cavity TWT.

Abstract: A standing-wave linear charged particle accelerator is disclosed which comprises a plurality of interlaced substructures, with each substructure having a plurality of accelerating cavities disposed along the particle beam path and having side cavities disposed away from the beam path for electromagnetically coupling the accelerating cavities. A radio-frequency electromagnetic standing wave is supported in each substructure, with the wave in each substructure being phased with respect to the wave in every other substructure so that the particle beam will experience a maximum energy gain throughout its path through the accelerator. A slotted input coupler is connected to the accelerator to individually drive each of the substructures.

Abstract: A crossover for microwave electromagnetic radiation is constructed in a planar configuration for the transference of all of the power of a wave in a first transmission line to a wave in a second transmission line. The crossover is formed of two pairs of cross arms wherein, in each pair, the arms are spaced apart by an electrical length of ninety degrees along the first and the second transmission lines, and couple power of the waves between the first and second transmission lines with an introduction of a quarature phase relationship. The impedance presented to a wave of a cross arm is less than the corresponding impedance of the first and the second transmission lines by a factor of the square root of two to inhibit the generation of relections at junctions between a cross arm and the first or the second transmission line. Each junction provides for a diversion of one-half the power of the wave from the first or the second transmission line to a cross arm.