Abstract: A microwave rf envelope generator or pulse shaper has a main waveguide with two opposing branches connected in shunt to the main waveguide and are terminated with variable positionable shorts. The characteristic impedance of the shunted combination of the two branches equal one half the characteristic impedance of the main waveguide. An incident rf pulse applied to an input of the main waveguide is transmitted to a four way junction formed at the intersection of the two branches. The incident pulse is divided at the junction. Divided pulses are then transmitted down each of the branches and to an output of the main waveguide. The pulses traveling down each branch will have their phases shifted when they are reflected by the variable positionable shorts. The lengths of the branches are adjusted by the variable shorts so that the phase of the reflected and inverted pulses will cancel the trailing portion of the pulse transmitted out towards the output of the main waveguide.

Abstract: A rectilinear waveguide junction apparatus in which the input and output guides are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the apparatus. This apparatus is characterized in that it takes the form of a parallelipiped guide the internal volume of which is divided up by metal partitions which form two parallel input guides, two parallel output guides and a main intermediate guide of same section as the parallelipiped guide. This apparatus is used in very high frequency circuits, for example the supply circuits for satellite or radar antennae.

Abstract: A phase compensated waveguide hybrid coupler is formed with a pair of waveguides of rectangular cross section and sharing a common short wall. An aperture in the short wall provides for the coupling of electromagnetic energy between a first of the waveguides and a second of the waveguides. Such coupling introduces a 90.degree. phase shift. An input terminal is located at an end of the first waveguide. Phase compensation is introduced by a set of capacitive irises located in the first waveguide and by a set of inductive irises located in the second waveguide. The capacitive and inductive irises are located on a side of said coupling aperture away from said input terminal.

Abstract: A waveguide hybrid coupler is formed with a pair of waveguides of rectangular cross section and sharing a common sidewall. An aperture in the sidewall provides for the coupling of electromagnetic energy between a first of the waveguides and a second of the waveguides. An input terminal is located at an end of the first waveguide. A pair of stepped, multi-tiered abutments are disposed on the outer sidewalls of the waveguides opposite the coupling aperture. The dimensions of the abutment steps are selected to stagger-tune the frequency response of the coupler to achieve wideband operation.

Abstract: A multiple waveguide junction such as a magic T is described capable of coupling large average and peak powers with a low standing wave ratio over a wide bandwith. The magic T structure employs waveguide arms which meet at a common junction region and has a plane of symmetry that bisects both the E and H input waveguide arms. The latter arms each have necked down segments so as to improve the bandwidth of the structure. Impedance matching elements are employed in the junction region. One element has a ridge-like shape selected to provide an impedance match to the H input waveguide arm. Other matching elements are employed to provide a low SWR over a bandwidth that approaches a 3:1 ratio.

Abstract: A high-power broadcast television arrangement includes high-power aural and visual carrier sources with rectangular waveguide outputs. A circular waveguide connects the antenna at the top of a tower with the bottom of the tower. In order to avoid an expensive, lossy and complex diplexer for combining the visual and aural carrier signals into a single waveguide, a waveguide turnstile junction couples the visual and aural signals from their respective rectangular waveguides into right- and left-hand circular polarization propagation modes in the circular waveguide. A hollow cylindrical slotted-waveguide antenna at the top of the tower receives the dual-polarized aural and visual signals received from the circular waveguide and radiates a television signal with the aid of resonant radiating slots and polarization-insensitive couplers.

Abstract: A compact differential coupler for a monopulse tracking radar constituted by four magic T's and comprising two metal members, which are symmetrical with respect to a plane .pi. and machined in such a way that their assembly by a set of screws constitutes the four T's, two of which are bent branch T's, a third a coaxial load T and the fourth a fork-type T.

Abstract: A modulator system for converting a three-channel input microwave signal to a single-channel output microwave signal is formed of two microwave sections which are joined together at both their inputs and their outputs by hybrid circuits, one of which serves as a power divider and the other which serves as a power combiner. Each of the microwave sections includes a pair of couplers which are joined by a Faraday rotator. First and second microwave input signals are applied to a first port of an input coupler in each of these sections. A third microwave signal is connected by the hybrid divider to a second input port in the input couplers of each of the microwave sections. Polarization of the third signal is vertical and is maintained through the two sections. Polarization of the first and second signals is horizontal and is maintained through the two sections.

Abstract: a tri-mode coupler (80) for developing from a received signal including three waveguide propagation modes the three tracking signals (i.e. sum signal, elevation signal, and azimuth signal) used in a high-frequency monopulse tracking system and for transmitting a signal at a different frequency, the coupler comprises broadband means such as a two-arm turnstile junction (84) coupling a first circular waveguide section (82) to an E-plane folded hybrid junction (90) for separating out one waveguide mode of the received signal and receiving the signal to be transmitted, and a second circular waveguide section (86) of smaller diameter than the first waveguide section and coupling the latter section to an additional E-plane folded hybrid junction (88) for separating out the two additional waveguide modes of the received signal.

Abstract: An improved magic tee constructed to maximize the power that can be transferred from the H-plane arm to the collinear side arms and vice versa. The matching post is designed to maximize the breakdown voltage between the post tip and the walls of the E-plane arm. This is accomplished by selecting the post diameter to produce a ratio of the E-plane arm height to post diameter which develops a characteristic impedance corresponding to that of a coaxial transmission line constructed to withstand the maximum breakdown voltage between the transmission line center conductor and conductive shielding for a given shield separation.

Abstract: Microwave hybrid coupler combinations using magic tees in which the symmetrical arms are used for output ports in power combining and the nonsymmetrical arms are used for output ports in power dividing.

Abstract: This specification discloses a microwave circular polarizer for converting a linearly polarized microwave signal to a circularly polarized microwave signal and vice versa. A transducer, such as an Orthomode junction is used to obtain a power split or a power recombination of two orthogonal linear polarizations. To obtain the phase delay required to generate a circularly polarized signal from two linearly polarized signals, the polarizer includes a phase compensator with a pair of waveguides which have appropriate width and length so that signals passing therethrough develop a phase difference therebetween and a composite circularly polarized signal results. The amount of phase shift occurring in each of the waveguides varies with the frequency of the signal in such a way as to produce a high purity circular polarization over a broad frequency band. A phase shift of 90.degree.

Abstract: The cavity of a rotatable cylindrical waveguide supports the TE.sub.11 mode of propagation of a received wave and a transmitted wave. The proximal and distal ends of the cylindrical waveguide are adjacent and axially aligned with one end of a rectangular flexible waveguide and a fixedly disposed horn aperture, respectively. The transmitted wave propagates in the TE.sub.10 mode through the rectangular waveguide to the cylindrical waveguide. Additionally, the rectangular waveguide prevents propagation therethrough of the received wave. The cylindrical waveguide couples the transmitted wave to the horn. Rotation of the end of the rectangular waveguide rotates the polarization of the transmitted wave. A pair of slots in the cylindrical waveguide form passageways between the cavity thereof and a pair of filters that pass the received wave whereby the received wave propagates through the filters.

Abstract: A microwave hybrid T-Junction switch using the two main (symmetrical) arms as input/output ports and two branch arms (E and H-plane) as control terminals, one of the branch arms containing a biased diode for switching and the other branch arm terminated with a fixed electrical short.

Abstract: A microwave diplexer apparatus for handling simultaneously two independent polarized transmitted signals at one frequency and two independent polarized received signals at a lower frequency. In the transmit mode of operation, a pair of input signals are applied to a first orthogonal mode transducer wherein the electric fields of the signals are established at right angles to each other. The orthogonal, linearly-polarizer signals are then transformed by a pin/ridge-loaded circular polarizer device to oppositely-rotating circularly-polarized signals and coupled via an antenna port of a second orthogonal mode transducer to an antenna for transmission to a desired target.

Abstract: A four port magic tee device has three ports defined by an H arm and two parallel side arms which meet at a common junction of the device, and has a fourth (E) port at the junction. Extending over the fourth port is a section of waveguide which acts as a coupling and matching structure by providing a chamber which is coupled to that port. That arrangement enables the E arm of the magic tee device to be reduced to zero length, if desired. In contrast, the E arm of a conventional magic tee of comparable performance must be of some finite length.