Abstract: The invention relates to a power management arrangement which comprises, formed as a multilayer structure (100), several insulating layers (130, 132, 134, 136); several conductive layers (124, 126, 128) functioning as reference planes; a first port (101), a second port (102) and a third port (104); a first transmission line (106) from the first port (101) to the second port (102), a second transmission line (108) from the first port (101) to the third port (104); means (110, 112, 114, 122) for connecting the transmission lines (106, 108) to the ports (101, 102, 104); and at least one passive element (116) between the second and the third port (102, 104). In the presented power management arrangement, the first transmission line (106) is in an insulating layer (130, 132, 134, 136) other than the one where the second transmission line (108) is.

Abstract: An electronic module configured to suppress electromagnetic radiation is disclosed. The electronic module has a plurality of electronic components disposed therein. The module includes a module housing, a circuit board, and a plurality of capacitors. The module housing is made of an electrically conductive material. The circuit board has a ground plane and is fixed to the module housing. The plurality of capacitors are coupled at first end to the ground plane and at a second end to the housing. Further, the capacitors are connected electrically in parallel and are uniformly spaced within the electronic module.

Abstract: A power splitter has a small size with good electrical performance. The power splitter includes a substrate with several dielectric layers. A-capacitor is formed between two of the dielectric layers. A pair of inductors are formed by circuit lines located on the dielectric layers. Several terminals are located on outer surfaces of the substrate. Conductive vias extend between the layers in order to provide an electrical connection between the capacitor, the inductors and the terminals. The substrate is formed from layers of low temperature co-fired ceramic. The circuit lines have a curving or sinuous shape on the dielectric layers. The inductors are electromagnetically coupled. The power splitter has a compact overall size.

Abstract: A modulator 200 is based around a switching circuit 212 and a pausey stub balun 210. The balun 210 has a distributed resistance 232 to ground. The balun may be implemented as a strip line device (FIG. 5b).

Abstract: A power splitter that has a small package size and low cross-talk noise. The power splitter includes a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTTC) substrate with several layers. Electrical components such as transmission lines and resistors are integrated onto and within the LTCC substrate. The power splitter provides impedance matching and dividing functions. The LTCC substrate has counter rotating spiral shaped circuit lines and electrically conductive vias extending therethrough. The vias are used to connect the power splitter to an external printed circuit board. The vias are also used to make electrical connections between the layers of the LTCC substrate. The counter rotating circuit lines allow the power splitter to have a small package size and low cross-talk noise.

Abstract: A high power, non-directional tap coupler having low loss and expanded bandwidth using a novel airline coaxial line structure. Each of the main and secondary conductors forms a concentric structure of constant dimension over a substantial length inside a metallic housing. The coupled port conductor is connected perpendicularly at the middle point to the secondary conductor. The conductors form a novel structure in which coupling remains relatively constant over a broadband frequency range and main line VSWR remains low. The result is a non-directional tap coupler with a wideband operational frequency, a reduced physical size, and low loss and with good PIM performance.

Abstract: A balun design incorporating the functions of a splitter (combiner) which can be employed in a high power amplifier circuit configuration. The balun is formed of a dielectric multilayer board with conductor patterns on each conductor pattern layer. The balun includes the propagation of a half of an input signal to an in-phase output terminal, and also propagating a fourth of the input signal to first and second opposite-phase output terminals, the signal propagated to the first and second opposite-phase output terminals lagging 180 degrees behind the signal propagated to the in-phase output terminal. The balun provides the output signals at the first and second opposite-phase output terminals 180° out of phase employing through holes in the main line and coupling lines for promoting electromagnetic coupling therebetween.

Abstract: An R.F. antenna switch (102) for coupling either a high-loss port (112) or a low-loss port (114) to a common port (110) includes an unequal power splitter (104) with the high-loss port (112), the low-loss port (114), and the common port (110). The unequal power splitter (104) further has at least one high-loss path (120) coupled between the common port (110) and the high-loss port (112) and a low-loss path (122) coupled between the common port (110) and the low-loss port (114). The R.F. antenna switch (102) further comprises a switching element (106) having an input (106A) coupled to the low-loss port (114) and an output (10B) coupled to a terminating element (108). The low-loss port (114) is terminated with the characteristic impedance of the unequal power splitter (104) when the switching element (106) is switched on.

Abstract: A method for achieving a desired value of electrical impedance between conductors of an electrical power distribution structure by electrically coupling multiple bypass capacitors and corresponding electrical resistance elements in series between the conductors. The resistance elements may be annular resistors, and may provide the designer a greater degree of control of the system ESR. The annular resistors may comprise a first terminal, an annular resistor, and a second terminal. The second terminal may be located within the confines of the annular resistor. The annular resistors may be printed onto a conductive plane (e.g. a power plane or a ground plane), or may be a discrete component.

Abstract: A device for adjusting the beam direction of a beam radiated from a stationary array of antenna elements. The device comprises a feed line structure configured as a star with at least four line segments extending from a central source connection terminal at the centre of the star, to the respective feed connection terminals (100). The dielectric body with two different body portions, having different effective dielectric values, is displaceable between two end positions in a central, region of the device.

Abstract: A high-frequency composite component can achieve reduction in size and weight, while providing high performance. A portable wireless device incorporates the high-frequency composite component, including a multi-layer substrate, with a low noise amplifier LNA and a band pass filter BPF constituting parts of a high-frequency circuit, with an input terminal, an output terminal, and control terminals on the substrate. The low noise amplifier LNA is constituted of transistors, an inductor, capacitors, and resistors. The band pass filter BPF is constituted of strip lines, an inductor, and capacitors. The low noise amplifier LNA and the band pass filter BPF are connected with each other within the substrate via a matching capacitor. The amplifier ground and filter ground are separated within the substrate and connected respectively to separate ground terminals on the substrate.

Abstract: A high power amplifier has a first balun propagating a half of an input signal to an in-phase output terminal, and also propagating a fourth of the input signal to first and second opposite-phase output terminals, the signal propagated to the first and second opposite-phase output terminals lagging 180 degrees behind the signal propagated to the in-phase output terminal; first and second power amplifier circuits connected to the first and second opposite-phase output terminals of the first balun and having the same characteristics; a third power amplifier circuit connected to the in-phase output terminal of the first balun and having output power substantially twice as much as the output power of the first or second power amplifier circuit; and a second balun having first and second opposite-phase input terminals for receiving the outputs of the first and second power amplifier circuits, having an in-phase input terminal for receiving the output of the third power amplifier circuit, combining the outputs of t

Abstract: A four-drop bus has each driver or receiver terminated at the characteristic impedance of Z0. Each driver or receiver is connected to a segment of transmission line with a characteristic impedance of Z0. Two of these segments are connected at a first point. The other two of these segments are connected at a second point. The first and second points are connected by a central transmission line with a characteristic impedance of Z0/2.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and apparatus for electrically decoupling conductors used to distribute power and ground potentials in electronic packages and chips. Specifically, the present invention utilizes Absorbing Plane Terminators (APTs), which are coupled between ground and power conductors of the electronic package. An APT includes a resistor with a value preferably chosen to match the approximate characteristic impedance of the conductor structures, and a decoupling capacitor connected in series with the resistor. The APT reduces electronic noise and electromagnetic radiation in electronic packages over a wide range of frequencies. The APT also dampens resonances caused by the parasitic inductance of the decoupling capacitor.

Abstract: The invention utilizes two nominally orthogonal probes to couple selectively to two orthogonal modes propagating in a microwave waveguide and horn. The waveguide and horn utilize internal ridges to obtain broad bandwidth and the two probes are located in substantially the same plane in order to avoid introducing large changes in the relative phases of the two modes propagating within the waveguide with changes in frequency over the operating bandwidth of the device. The middle portion of each probe is bent or deformed to the extent needed to avoid physical conflict and electrical contact between the probes, while still avoiding the introduction of substantial phases differences between the modes excited by the respective probes.

Abstract: Systems to provide and methods to design a printed lumped-distributed balun are presented. A lumped-distributed balun includes a single-ended port, a first differential port, a second differential port, a first phase shifter circuit, and a second phase shifter circuit. The first phase shifter circuit includes a first inductor and a first capacitor. The first inductor is coupled to the single-ended port and the first differential port. The first capacitor is coupled to the first differential port and is adapted to be coupled to ground potential. At least one of the first inductor and the first capacitor is implemented as a transmission line structure, such as microstrip. The second phase shifter circuit includes a second inductor and a second capacitor. The second inductor is coupled to the second differential port and is adapted to be coupled to ground potential. The second capacitor is coupled to the single-ended port and the second differential port.

Abstract: A suspended transmission line with an embedded signal channeling device includes a support layer and a conductor supported by the support layer between first and second plates each having a ground plane. The conductor includes a combined signal line and a plurality of discrete signal lines extending from the combined signal line. The discrete signal lines each transmit a portion of a signal transmitted on the combined signal line. A propagation structure is disposed between the first and second plates to substantially contain an electromagnetic field generated by the propagating signal.

Abstract: A thin-film coupler with a carrier substrate (1) and two strip lines disposed thereon, of which one represents the main coupler loop (2) and one the auxiliary coupler loop (3). The use of inexpensive carrier substrate materials and a compact construction are made possible through an integration of a strip line, a coil, or an LC combination into the auxiliary coupler loop (3). The integration of these components (4) achieves a phase shift in the frequency of the signal coupled out so that a broadband coupler is obtained which exhibits an identical coupling at at least two frequencies.

Abstract: A non-interruptible tap has a non-interruptible member that is received in a lower part of the main housing and includes a support element, a pair of slide blocks, and a resilient conductive strip. The support element has holes at two ends, mounting on a first, and a second terminals respectively. The slide blocks are movably received in a slot formed between the end holes of the support element. The conductive strip is connected to the slide blocks with two ends sticking out beyond the same. The main housing further has an upper part, to which a circuit board is fitted. When the upper part is not joined to the lower part, e.g. it is removed for maintenance, the conductive strip can stretch to a normal straight shape to contact the first and the second terminals at two ends as to allow signals to be transmitted therethrough to the downstream line.

Abstract: A non-interruptible tap has a non-interruptible member that is received in a lower part of the main housing and includes a support element, a pair of slide blocks, and a resilient conductive strip. The support element has holes at two ends, mounting on a first, and a second terminals respectively. The slide blocks are movably received in a slot formed between the end holes of the support element. The conductive strip is connected to the slide blocks with two ends sticking out beyond the same. The main housing further has an upper part, to which a circuit board is fitted. When the upper part is not joined to the lower part, e.g. it is removed for maintenance, the conductive strip can stretch to a normal straight shape to contact the first and the second terminals at two ends as to allow signals to be transmitted therethrough to the downstream line.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for providing uninterrupted, attenuated RF signal and AC power to downstream multiple port taps, while an upstream multiple port tap is being serviced. A multiple port tap includes a tap housing, an assembly for receiving a main signal from an upstream element and an assembly for outputting the main signal to a downstream element. The tap also includes circuitry that couples the signal receiving assembly to the signal outputting assembly. The tap circuitry used in the tap includes a signal attenuator for maintaining a level predetermined RF signal and AC power level across the tap. A housing cover plate is positioned on the housing for covering the main opening to the housing. The cover plate includes at least one subscriber connection port operatively coupled to the circuitry for delivering a signal to a subscriber. The tap further includes a signal and power bypass having a variable attenuator for coupling to the signal receiving means and signal outputting means.

Abstract: A power line communications apparatus and method for providing communications over power leads connecting two pieces of electrical equipment. One power lead is split into similarly sized first and second parallel conductors. The first and second conductors pass through a current transformer, the first conductor having a load current flow opposite the second conductor with respect to the current transformer. The transmitted communications signal is applied to the secondary of the current transformer and is induced on the primary of the transformer, namely a loop formed by the first and second conductors. A second current transformer serves as a receiving transducer and senses the communications signal on the first and second conductors.

Abstract: A method for achieving a desired value of electrical impedance between conductors of an electrical power distribution structure by electrically coupling multiple bypass capacitors and corresponding electrical resistance elements in series between the conductors. The resistance elements may be annular resistors, and may provide the designer a greater degree of control of the system ESR. The annular resistors may comprise a first terminal, an annular resistor, and a second terminal. The second terminal may be located within the confines of the annular resistor. The annular resistors may be printed onto a conductive plane (e.g. a power plane or a ground plane), or may be a discrete component.

Abstract: An RF signal divider useful in the 250 to 2500 MHz range includes an RF input connection and a plurality of RF output connections. A resistive path connects each RF output connection from an RF output connection with a impedance ZL to a common node with an impedance ZQ. An input impedance transformer couples an RF input connection with an input impedance ZL to the common node. This RF signal divider is characterized by good insertion loss variation and isolation over the entire frequency range and by a minimal circuit area.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a T-circuit produced using microstrip technology with two branches (2, 3) of identical length L2 comprising a phase-shifting element (6) producing a given phase shift &PHgr; by extending one of the branches, the T-circuit operating in broadband, the circuit comprises at least one elbow (4) extending the branch (3) without the phase-shifting element and the length L2 is equal to a multiple of &lgr;g/2 where &lgr;g is the guided wavelength.

Abstract: A power line communications apparatus and method for providing communications over power leads connecting two pieces of electrical equipment. One power lead is split into similarly sized first and second parallel conductors. The first and second conductors pass through a current transformer, the first conductor having a load current flow opposite the second conductor with respect to the current transformer. The transmitted communications signal is applied to the secondary of the current transformer and is induced on the primary of the transformer, namely a loop formed by the first and second conductors. A second current transformer serves as a receiving transducer and senses the communications signal on the first and second conductors.

Abstract: A dielectric plate is fixed inside a first waveguide, the inside of which is hollow, having a square opening at one end thereof, the dielectric plate is orthogonal to two parallel sides of the opening, a second waveguide having a square cross-section is connected to the other end of the first waveguide, and the dielectric plate is tilted by substantially 45° with respect to a pair of opposing internal wall surfaces of the second waveguide.

Abstract: A multi-layer circuit comprises first and second transmission lines. The first transmission line includes vertically stacked bottom and middle dielectric layers. A conductive pattern is disposed between the bottom and middle dielectric layers. A bottom ground layer is in contact with a bottom surface of the bottom dielectric layer. The second transmission line is vertically stacked above the first transmission line and includes a top dielectric layer and a conductive pattern in contact with a top surface of the top dielectric layer and at least one ground layer separating a bottom surface of the top dielectric layer from the middle dielectric layer. At least one plated through hole electrically connects the first and second transmission lines. All of the dielectric layers comprise a ceramic-filled substrate with woven glass reinforcement.

Abstract: A signal divider/combiner (11) and method combines first and second frequency signals received by microstrip patch antennas (58, 48). A first transmission line stub (28) blocks the second frequency signals on the first signal receiving path, and a second transmission line stub (20) blocks the first frequency signals on the second signal receiving path providing increased signal levels at a receiver input (10). In one embodiment, the transmission line stubs are open-circuit stubs and are positioned a quarter-wavelength from a combining junction (12) formed from stripline transmission lines (14, 32, 50). The transmission line stubs (28, 20) also reduce radiation of the first frequency signal by the second antenna as well as radiation of the second frequency signal by the first antenna. In one embodiment, the first and second frequency signals are the L1 and L2 signals provided by the Global Positioning System.

Abstract: A printed board having a structure for equalizing propagation times on transmission lines connecting the same pair of circuit elements at several terminals. The structure controls each propagation delay by connecting each transmission line partially in different dielectric layers having different dielectric constants in a multi-layered printed board regardless of a distance between the terminals to be connected.

Abstract: A station in a communication bus system is connected to a signal transmission line. The station contains a wave splitter coupled to the transmission line and a transmission section coupled to an input of the wave splitter for transmitting an outgoing wave signal to travel out over the transmission line from the wave splitter. The station contains a reception section coupled to an output of the wave splitter for receiving an incoming wave signal that travels into the wave splitter from the connector. The station has a control unit being arranged to operate in different control modes, according to the presence or absence of a further apparatus connected to the transmission line, dependent on whether the reception section does not detect or does detect a reflection of a wave transmitted by the transmission section, respectively.

Abstract: The prior art has a problem in which an isolation between output terminals is deteriorated when a thin film resistor is used as an isolation resistor. Such being the case, in a power divider/combiner comprising an input terminal, two output terminals, two branch lines each connecting the input terminal and one of the output terminals and having a line length that is ¼ of a set wavelength or a multiple of integer of half a wavelength and ¼ of the set wavelength, and an isolation resistor connected to between the output terminals, there is provided an improved power divider/combiner further comprising a transmission line interposed between each of the output terminals and the branch lines. Consequently, even when using the isolation resistor having a length that can not be ignored as compared with a wavelength of a high-frequency signal in use, the isolation between the output terminals can be ensured.

Abstract: An antenna element comprises a housing (2) having a base (4) adapted for attachment to a vehicle windscreen. Antenna elements are provided on printed circuit boards (7a, 7b) and form a dipole, the elements defining an included angle (A) of approximately 140°. When mounted on the inside surface of a vehicle windscreen, an improved radiation pattern is exhibited compared with a planar antenna. A coaxial cable (13) having inner and outer conductors coupled to the boards (7a, 7b) at their apex is routed in spaced relation to the element (7a) connected to the inner conductor. In such a manner that currents tending to be induced in the outer conductor of the coaxial cable are cancelled as a result of the proximity of the cable (13) to the element (7a). This enables the coaxial cable to be matched to the impedance of the antenna without the need for a balun.

Abstract: A video interface circuit reduces loading losses when a video system component, such as a television receiver, is connected to a transmission line by amplifying the video signal with a high frequency amplifier and providing positive feedback of the amplified signal to the cable.

Abstract: A coupler for coupling a selected amount of energy from a transmission line 100 includes a contact 104 for contacting an inner conductor 102 of transmission line 100 through an aperature through an outer conductor of transmission line 100. A wire 106 of a preselected configuration is coupled to contact 104 and is spaced from a ground plane 108 to create a selected parasitic capacitance, the configuration of wire 106 defining a center frequency of the coupler. Coupler also includes a connector 110 having an inner conductor 111 coupled to wire 106.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a T-circuit produced using microstrip technology with two branches (2, 3) of identical length L2 comprising a phase-shifting element (6) producing a given phase shift &PHgr; by extending one of the branches, the T-circuit operating in broadband, the circuit comprises at least one elbow (4) extending the branch (3) without the phase-shifting element and the length L2 is equal to a multiple of &lgr;g/2 where &lgr;g is the guided wavelength.

Abstract: A station in a communication bus system, is connected to a signal transmission line. The station contain a wave splitter coupled to the transmission line and a transmission section coupled to an input of the wave splitter for transmitting an outgoing wave signal to travel out over the transmission line from the wave splitter. The station contains a reception section coupled to an output of the wave splitter for receiving an incoming wave signal that travels into the wave splitter from the connector. The station has a control unit being arranged to operate in different control modes, according to the presence or absence of a further apparatus connected to the transmission line, dependent on whether the reception section does not detect or does detect a reflection of a wave transmitted by the transmission section respectively.

Abstract: A circuit and method of making a multi-layer circuit including a microstrip and stripline.

Abstract: A circuit assembly having a thin and large-area dielectric substrate and improved grounding. To make the assembly, a circuit board comprising the substrate, and a circuit pattern and a metal layer that are formed on respective sides of the substrate. A bath of conductive bonding material (e.g., a low melting point solder) is made inside a tray-like metal chassis of the assembly. The circuit board is floated on the bath and excessive portion of the conductive material is absorbed. A branch circuit for branching a first path into at least two second paths is provided by mainly using impedance transformers but by using fewest possible stub(s). Also, the elements are arranged in symmetry around the axis through the first path. This yields a wide operating frequency band. A waveguide-microstrip line transition that is easy to work and low in transition loss is provided by shaping the wider walls of the ridge waveguide so as to spread out toward the end.

Abstract: The invention discloses the utilization of various transmission lines that entail a ferroelectric material as dielectric substrate to introduce an impedance shift by means of an externally applied d.c. bias, which alters the effective length between the input and output signals of the transmission lines of microwave couplers.

Abstract: A power divider divides an RF signal into two output signals having a phase difference of 180° or a multiple thereof. When the RF signal is a square wave or another harmonically rich signal, the phases of the fundamental and the harmonics have the proper relationship. The divider can be implemented in the form of microstrips on a board, with one of the output microstrips having several bends to provide a different electrical length from the other.

Abstract: This invention relates to an AC power network for collecting the electric powers of distributed power cells. The AC power network of the invention includes a plurality of AC power cells, a plurality of transmission lines, and at least one resistant load. The AC power network has important properties, such as simple structure and easy setup and maintenance. In addition, when there is non-uniform distribution among AC power cells or some AC power cells are broken down, the AC power network possesses equal potential rings or equal potential planes to eliminating non-uniform distribution without decreasing its power efficiency.

Abstract: A device for receiving and/or transmitting an electromagnetic oscillation is described utilizing an antenna element and at least two wave-guiding assemblies which are each connected to a connection point of the antenna element via a respective supply device, and which are otherwise mutually insulated with respect to the electromagnetic oscillation. Each assembly comprise a conductor part which is coupled to the associated supply device in each of the wave-guiding assemblies for the transmission of the electromagnetic oscillation. The wave-guiding assemblies are designed for receiving and/or transmitting the electromagnetic oscillation via the supply device, and the conductor parts are constructed for receiving and/or radiating the electromagnetic oscillation in a manner comparable to the manner in which the antenna element operates. This device has a plurality of antennas without an appreciable increase in expenditure compared with a similar device having a single antenna element.

Abstract: The present invention describes a directional CATV component, preferably a signal tap, having a housing frame where coaxial signal cable connections are made allowing for tap circuitry to be placed on either side of the housing frame. The invention allows for the rapid exchange of tap circuitry between front and rear positions providing for the reversal of signal frequency direction. The signal tap comprises a housing frame, a back cover with a support clamp and a signal tap cover containing a plurality of female F-connectors. Loss circuitry is mounted on a PC board that is attached to the tap cover.

Abstract: A stripline cross-over architecture includes a first stripline layer extending on a first side of a dielectric layer between a first signal input port and a plurality of first signal output ports. A second stripline layer extends on a second side of the dielectric layer between a second signal input port and a plurality of second signal output ports, crossing over the first stripline layer at a plurality of cross-overs of mutual overlap therebetween. The electrical lengths of the stripline layers are defined and the cross-overs are located such that electrical distances between the cross-overs and signal combination locations cause cross-coupled signals to cancel one another, when non cross-coupled signals are combined in phase.

Abstract: A broadband coupled-line N-way power combiner is presented for combining N RF signals into a common load. This combiner includes N.gtoreq.2 input ports, a common output port, and N identical at least two-conductor coupled transmission lines, and N isolating resistors. Each of these two-conductor coupled transmission line has at one end one conductor connected to one of the input port of the power combiner, and another conductor connected to the common output port. At another end two conductors of each two-conductor coupled transmission line are terminated to one of the N isolating resistors. The opposite ends of these resistors are connected to each other in a ring. This power combiner also can operate in reverse as N-way power divider.

Abstract: The invention provides a high-frequency composite unit, wherein: a two-terminal switch constituting a transmission section, an LC filter, and a notch filter are connected between a first terminal and a second terminal; and said two-terminal switch, said LC filter, and said notch filter are integrated into a layered structure in which a plurality of dielectric layers are stacked. The above high-frequency composite unit has high performance, which can handle high-frequency signals of multiple frequency bands that are relatively adjacent.

Abstract: A distributed ground pad-based isolation arrangement for a multilayer stripline architecture is configured to effectively inhibit the mutual coupling of signals between overlapping regions of adjacent stripline networks of dielectrically separated transmission networks, without substantially increasing either the mass of the laminate structure or the lossiness of the stripline. At regions of mutual overlap, the stripline layers are spatially oriented at right angles to one another, and a limited area ground pad is interleaved between the stripline layers. To maintain the desired characteristic line impedance of a stripline layer as it passes over a ground pad, the width of the stripline layer is reduced in the overlap region. Each ground pad is connected to an external ground reference by plated vias, that extend through the dielectric layers and intersect outer grounded shielding layers of the laminate.

Abstract: An RF signal offset circuit using a half wavelength transmission line is provided. The RF signal offset circuit includes an RF transformer having an input coil and an output coil. The input coil has first and second input ports. The output coil has first and second output ports. One of the output ports is grounded. A half wavelength transmission line having first and second ends is connected in parallel to the input coil of the RF transformer. First and second resistance devices are respectively connected between the first end of the transmission line and the first input port of the RF transformer and between the second end of the transmission line and the second input port of the RF transformer.

Abstract: A stripline isolation cross-over is configured to cancel signals that may be mutually coupled at cross-over points between adjacent stripline networks within a compact multilayer signal distribution architecture, such as one feeding elements of phased array antennas, without a shielding layer between adjacent signal distribution networks. The signal distribution networks includes layers of stripline, patterned on opposite sides of a dielectric layer. Wherever the stripline layers mutually overlap, they are oriented at right angles to one another, and one of the striplines is configured as a pair of power dividers, connected back-to-back via stripline interconnect passing the other stripline layer, to form a signal splitting-recombining stripline pair.