Abstract: The present invention relates to a transformer comprising a coil having an insulated wire formed into a plurality of turns defining a layer and a resistive element wrapped around the outer surface of the layer. The resistive element couples one of the plurality of turns with another of the plurality of turns. The resistive element not only increases the series capacitance of the transformer, but also increases the series conductance of the transformer circuit. The increase in the series resistance increases the dampening of the switching resonance.

Abstract: A novel circuit packaging structure including a combination of printed lumped elements within a multi-layer stripline architecture is provided and methods of making the same. The lumped elements are provided by printing the individual passive elements, including interdigital capacitors and spiral inductors, onto the supporting substrate and then embedding these elements into the multi-layer stripline structure. The stripline structure consists of a signal layer sandwiched between at least two ground layers separated by two dielectric substrates of equal thickness. This ground-signal-ground approach confines the electromagnetic fields within the multi-layer structure, thereby minimizing radiation from coupling to nearby components. This approach offers a unique combination of stripline technology and printed lumped elements resulting in miniaturized radio frequency and microwave circuits at operating at frequencies well below 1 GHz, up to several GHz.

Abstract: A calibration circuit adjusts a differential output voltage from a line driver circuit when the differential output voltage falls outside a specified tolerance range. The calibration circuit includes a sample and hold circuit which samples the differential output voltage and holds a representative signal. A comparator compares the held signal with a reference voltage signal. When the held signal is greater than the reference voltage signal the comparator outputs a LOW signal and when the held signal is less than the reference voltage signal the comparator outputs a HIGH signal. The comparator output signal is stored in a memory circuit of a control logic. The control logic instructs an up/down counter to increment when the comparator output is LOW and to decrement when the comparator output is HIGH. A calibration current source sinks a unit of calibration current when the comparator output is LOW and sources a unit of calibration current when the comparator output is HIGH.

Abstract: A universal noise controller is constructed of two windings on a magnetic core with a potentiometer connected across the windings. The input is connected in parallel to the windings and the potentiometer and the output is taken from a node in the center of the windings and a wiper arm of the potentiometer. This arrangement allows a phase change of 360 degrees by overlaying another signal thus providing phase cancellation from positive 180 degrees to negative 180 degrees thereby providing suitable noise cancellation based on the position of the wiper arm.

Abstract: An EMI preventive AC line filter includes rack having a rectangular top open chamber and two substantially U-shaped support arms at two opposite ends of the top open chamber, a cylindrical winding holder formed of two symmetrical halves and mounted in the top open chamber of the rack, the winding holder having an axially extended cylindrical coupling groove at the center, and an iron core coupled to the winding holder and secured to the rack to hold the winding holder in place, the iron core having a U-shaped peripheral wall forced into engagement with the U-shaped support arms of the rack, and a cylindrical shaft connected between two parallel side wall portions of the U-shaped peripheral wall and received in the axially extended cylindrical coupling groove in the winding holder.

Abstract: A transmission line impedance matching apparatus is disclosed that limits longitudinal signals and matches the longitudinal characteristic impedance between two conductors and comprises a common mode choke and an impedance matching device. The common mode choke, comprising two windings wound in the same direction, acts as a high impedance to longitudinal high frequency signals. As a result of this, standing waves are caused by the metallic signals reflecting off the choke. The impedance matching device, comprising two windings wound in the same direction, provides a good match to the longitudinal characteristic impedance and thus reduces standing longitudinal waves and reflections. The apparatus may include a terminal corrector or a mid-line corrector, or a combination thereof. This invention may allow greater bandwidth to be dedicated to services and allow transmission over longer subscriber loops before the minimum S/N ratio is achieved.

Abstract: In the case of a process for the wireless transmission of energy and data between two parts, preferably the steering wheel and the steering column of a vehicle, having a transformer-type transmitter and consisting of a primary and secondary winding assigned to the parts, and a rectangular carrier frequency on the primary side, the data transmission is carried out in one direction by the modulation of the carrier signal and in the other direction outside the switching flanks of the carrier signal.

Abstract: A power-line filter for operation with a converter is provided having a regulated voltage source and sinusoidal phase currents, with the power-line filter helping to eliminate interference voltages particularly in the frequency range from 2 kHz to 150 kHz, which are normally not taken into account. The leakage currents to ground, in this context, can be minimized to the point that it is possible to operate the converter in an (AC/DC sensitive) Interference Filter (IF) protective circuit-breaker.

Abstract: A high-frequency filter 10 serving as a bandpass filter has three transmission lines SL11 to SL13 side-coupled in three stages. The transmission lines SL11 to SL13 are respectively connected in parallel to capacitors C11 to C13. One end of the input transmission line SL11 is connected to an input terminal Pi through an input capacitor C14. One end of the output transmission line SL13 is connected to an output terminal Po through an output capacitor C15. The other ends of the transmission lines SL11 and SL13 are connected and the connection point is connected to the ground through an inductor Lg for forming a pole in the transmission characteristic of the high-frequency filter. One end of the transmission line SL12 is connected to the ground.

Abstract: A filter described which includes helical resonator elements constructed using printed circuit board (PCB) materials and fabrication techniques. A helical resonator element is formed from conductive traces on either side of a double sided PCB substrate with interconnection of the traces using plated through holes to form a three dimensional serpentine or helical conductor path. Multiple resonator elements are RF coupled using ferromagnetic coupling elements. The shape and number of the coupling elements may be selected to control RF coupling between resonator elements and the tuning of the filter.

Abstract: One embodiment of the invention includes a transformer that is at least partially formed on a substrate. The transformer is for electrical isolation and signal filtering. The transformer includes the following elements. A portion of the substrate has two holes through the substrate. A ferrite core is formed in a loop through the two holes. A primary winding is made of a first metal trace. The first metal trace is formed in a spiral around one hole. The first metal trace has at least two primary terminals acting as an input to the transformer. The transformer also includes a secondary winding. The secondary winding is made of a second metal trace. The second metal trace is formed in a spiral around the other hole. The second metal trace has at least two secondary terminals acting as an output from the transformer.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for substantially reducing zero sequence harmonic currents at the load-end of branch circuits that supply single-phase, non-linear loads. The invention includes a three-phase, six-terminal, zig-zag autotransformer which functions as the zero sequence filter. The first winding, which is located on the first core leg, is connected in series with the sixth winding, which is located on the third core leg. The third winding, which is located on the second core leg, is connected in series with the second winding, which is located on the first core leg. The fifth winding, which is located on the third core leg, is connected in series with the forth winding, which is located on the second core leg. In this configuration, the first winding is magnetically coupled to the second winding, the third winding is magnetically coupled to the forth winding and the fifth winding is magnetically coupled to the sixth winding.

Abstract: A network interface for receiving both high speed signals and low speed signals includes a passive filter manufactured entirely from passive electronic elements. The filter filters the low speed signal when a low speed signal is received, and does not distort a high speed signal transmitted to an encoder/decoder device when a high speed signal is received.

Abstract: A multilayer ceramic package (200) with a floating element (202) to couple transmission lines (214) is disclosed. The package (200) has numerous dielectric layers (204A-204I) including an input electrode (206), an output electrode (208), a top ground plane (210) and a bottom ground plane (212). Transmission lines (214) are formed on some of the dielectric layers (204A-204I). Floating element (202) adjusts the electrical coupling between the transmission lines (214) and is spatially separated therefrom. This may provide the advantage of increased capacitive coupling between transmission line resonator structures in a multilayer packages, including non-adjacent resonant structures, without increasing the overall dimensions of the package (200). The floating element (202) may also increase the operable passband of a multilayer bandpass filter or provide a low-side transmission zero.

Abstract: An inductive component with variable magnetic properties. A magnetic field is inductively generated in a magnetic core by an electrical winding. Electrode coatings are provided on the magnetic core and an electrical field or current is impressed into the magnetic core through the electrodes.

Abstract: A low-pass filter having, a parallel circuit of a first coil and a first capacitor disposed between an input terminal and an output terminal; and a second capacitor disposed between the input terminal and ground. Also included is a third capacitor disposed between the output terminal and ground, and a power detection coil magnetically coupled to the first coil, both ends of which are detection signal output terminals. Therefore, the low-pass filter enables a decrease in the number of mounted parts in a high-frequency transmission circuit of a digital portable telephone, thereby miniaturizing the circuit and reducing the costs.

Abstract: A radio-frequency tuning circuit includes an input tuning transformer, and an output tuning transformer. The input tuning transformer comprises a primary coil adapted to serve as input coil, and a secondary coil to which a pair of variable-capacitance diodes having cathodes thereof connected together are connected in parallel therewith to form a first tuning circuit. The output tuning transformer comprises a primary coil to which a variable-capacitance element is connected to form a second tuning circuit, and a secondary coil adapted to serve as output coil. The input and output tuning transformers are connected in such a manner as to form a double-tuning circuit. Q-factor of the output tuning transformer is made to be twice as high as that of the input tuning transformer, and resonant impedance of the first tuning circuit and that of the second tuning circuit are made to be substantially equal to each other.

Abstract: A capacitor (14) is disposed in, for example, a ferrite shell (12). A winding (20) is formed around the shell, thereby providing an inductive component. Additional windings may be provided to form a transformer. In combining the two components into a unitary package, a space savings is realized, and assembly efficiency is increased.

Abstract: A termination is provided for a differential transmission line such as unshielded twisted pair (UTP) to isolate a connected device from electromagnetic interference present on the UTP in the form of differential mode and common mode noise. An example of an electromagnetic interference isolator comprises a common mode and a differential mode termination, a common mode choke which exhibits substantially constant impedance over a wide bandwidth and a centre tapped isolation transformer.

Abstract: A signal transmission circuit for transmitting signals having a wide frequency spectrum over a cable. The circuit includes an isolating transformer having a high pass filtering function; a low-pass filter, the input of the low pass filter being common with the input of the high pass filter; and means for summing the output voltages of the low-pass filter and the high-pass filter.

Abstract: Apparatus and method to separate the harmonic problems in the load side circuit of an electrical power distribution system from the source side circuit of a source transformer in a reliable and economical manner. The electrical power distribution system includes at least a source of AC electrical power, a load, and the connection from the source to the load including a source transformer, electrical conductors, wires, or cables. A part of the load is the non-linear load which injects harmonics. A harmonic blocking filter, comprised of an existing source transformer and a series combination of an auxiliary transformer and a capacitor, is connected in parallel with the source transformer. The MVA rating of the auxiliary transformer is chosen to be equal or smaller than the MVA rating of the source transformer, and the leakage impedance of the auxiliary transformer is chosen to be equal or larger than the impedance of the source transformer.

Abstract: A receiver for a LAN which uses a transformer for isolation. Base line wander is prevented by use of a positive feedback path which provides a signal that compensates for low frequency loss through the transformer. The feedback path connects the output of the receiver to the secondary winding of the transformer. The time constant of the transformer and terminating resistor L/R equals the RC time constant in the feedback path.

Abstract: One embodiment of the invention includes a transformer that is at least partially formed on a substrate. The transformer is for electrical isolation and signal filtering. The transformer includes the following elements. A portion of the substrate has two holes through the substrate. A ferrite core is formed in a loop through the two holes. A primary winding is made of a first metal trace. The first metal trace is formed in a spiral around one hole. The first metal trace has at least two primary terminals acting as an input to the transformer. The transformer also includes a secondary winding. The secondary winding is made of a second metal trace. The second metal trace is formed in a spiral around the other hole. The second metal trace has at least two secondary terminals acting as an output from the transformer.

Abstract: Apparatus for electrical line communication that includes a coupler at each of two or more locations along a pair of lines, the coupler having capacitive circuits serially connected with an air-core transformer. The capacitive circuit is designed to resonate with the air-core transformer at a preselected frequency. A transmitter, receiver and modem may also be provided at each location. The apparatus incorporates a novel phase linear coupler which eliminates noise and is matched resistively to the characteristic impedance of the line at a preselected frequency. This apparatus therefore linearizes communication on the line and allows high speed data and voice communication over long distances.

Abstract: A chip-type circuit component comprising a chip body which is formed by bonding first and second substrates with each other. A polyimide adhesion layer is provided between the first and second substrates and a thin film circuit pattern is formed on at least one of a pair of main surfaces of the first and second substrates which are opposite each other, while an external electrode is formed on an end surface of the chip body to be electrically connected with the thin film circuit pattern.

Abstract: A plurality of inductors are formed by connecting linear patterns formed in different surfaces of a substrate respectively by means of holes, forming a plurality of electrically neutral surfaces in areas not including the linear patterns on different surfaces of the substrate, and furthermore by forming electrically neutral holes connecting the electrically neutral surfaces to each other at positions between the plurality of inductors to affect the coupling between inductors.

Abstract: A termination is provided for a differential transmission line such as unshielded twisted pair (UTP) to isolate a connected device from electromagnetic interference present on the UTP in the form of differential mode and common mode noise. An example of an electromagnetic interference isolator comprises a common mode and a differential mode termination, a common mode choke which exhibits substantially constant impedance over a wide bandwidth and a centre tapped isolation transformer.

Abstract: The disclosed AC harmonic first circuit utilizes band pass and stop filters that have resonance frequencies close to but yet a few Hz or a small percent away from the harmonic frequencies intended to be attenuated, the difference being comparable to the Q factor of the respective filter. Thus, every circuit filter has a different resonance frequency, and the difference between the filter resonance and harmonic frequencies might be 0.2-5%. Each filter attenuates the energy of each harmonic by possibly 10-50%. A network filter having a resonance frequency corresponding to the AC power network frequency is in series in the hot line between the power network source and the harmonic filter circuit. The circuit uses only passive components in reducing disruptive harmonics from the AC power network.

Abstract: A high-voltage filter for filtering of harmonics in an electric power network comprises a first capacitive impedance element (C.sub.1) arranged in a first electric circuit (L.sub.1, C.sub.1) and a second (C.sub.2) capacitive impedance element arranged in a second electric circuit (L.sub.2, C.sub.2). The first and second electric circuits are inductively coupled to each other.

Abstract: A ballast filter in which the ballast can operate at a total harmonic distortion of power line current of less than 10%. Power dissipated by the filter when at a THD of less than 10% is relatively low. The input impedance of the ballast is chosen to be no greater than twice the equivalent filter impedance of a front end filter and no less than the equivalent filter impedance/1.5. The filter includes a transformer having a core which at times operates within the non-linear region of its B-H curve under nominally rated ballast load conditions.

Abstract: A signal coupler includes a transformer having a primary and a secondary winding. Each transformer winding has a pair of associated winding terminals and is also split at an intermediate winding position to form a pair of supplemental winding terminals. Circuitry is provided between each pair of supplemental winding terminals so as to provide different impedances in different frequency bands. In particular, a first circuit, which provides a first impedance in a first frequency range, is connected across the supplemental winding terminals of one winding. A second circuit, is connected across the supplemental winding terminals of the other transformer winding. This second circuit, in combination with the first, provides a second impedance in a second frequency range. In the disclosed embodiment, the first circuit provides an impedance of 600 ohms in the voiceband frequency range. The second circuit in combination with the first provides an impedance of 100 ohms in a frequency range extending above 40 kHz.

Abstract: An integrated and drop-in EMI filter that features common-mode and differential-mode noise filtering capabilities is disclosed. The common-mode portion and the differential-mode portion of the filter are independent of each other in that the two filter portions may be made out of different ferrites, also in that, the an increase in the filtering capability in one mode, such as having an increased number of turns in the winding, would not affect or reduce the filtering capability of the other mode, such as reducing the overall throughhole depths a conductor travels.

Abstract: A multilayer band pass filter includes a zero point forming capacitor formed by a plurality of capacitors connected in series between first and second extension electrodes, and intermediate capacitors connected between each pair of adjacent series capacitors and the open end of a core conductor. Therefore, zero points can be formed at the lower and upper limits of a given band. The capacity of these capacitors is adjustable via extension electrodes which extend outside the baked ceramic casing, thereby allowing adjustment to be made to the zero point.

Abstract: A small toroidal inductor is mounted by inserting a high valued resistor or a ceramic coil form into the central hole of the toroid. The fine leads of the inductor are then soldered to the much stiffer leads of the part that has been inserted. These stiffer leads may be bent in any desired way, and will hold their shape. This makes insertion easier and is strong enough to withstand the necessary amounts of shock and vibration. The toroid may be glued or otherwise affixed with an adhesive to the resistor or coil form.

Abstract: An apparatus for the wireless transmission of energy and data includes a transformer with two sides for transmitting energy in one direction and data in both directions. A circuit on both of the sides of the transformer controls and evaluates a course of the transmission. In a method for controlling and evaluating the apparatus, a primary-side switching path is interrupted for transmitting energy from the primary side to the secondary side. Data are transmitted from the primary side to the secondary side during an energy storage phase by briefly interrupting a primary-side switching path. Data are transmitted from the secondary side to the primary side in a period during an energy storage phase by a secondary-side load pulse. An information transmission is controlled with a trigger and evaluation device on the primary side and on the secondary side.

Abstract: A selected inductance can be provided by a three-layer structural spiral inductor having an inductor conductive part disposed between two ground electrodes within an electric insulating substrate. This is carried out by eliminating a particular portion of one of those ground electrodes formed on the outer surface of the substrate until a desired inductance is obtained, beginning at a portion of such electrode corresponding to an exposed part of a through hole joint which is electrically connected to an inner peripheral end of a spiral inductor conductive part.

Abstract: A high power, high frequency auto transformer with a non-integer turns ratio and a bandpass filter frequency response.

Abstract: A line filter assembly adapted to be inserted in an electrical power supply circuit of various electronic appliances for avoiding an invasion and leakage of noise include first and second core members each having a pair of opposite arms connected together through a common bridge. Coils are formed on the arms of each of the core members in such a manner that directions of magnetic fluxes produced in the closed magnetic circuit as a result of flow of line currents counteract while the same coils are so arranged that the magnetic fluxes produced in the closed magnetic circuit as a result of the flow of the line currents are oriented in the same direction.

Abstract: An air core inductor having mounted thereon a band of material of selected characteristics providing only an electromagnetically coupled resistance that reflects back into the windings of the inductor for filtering applications.

Abstract: A line filter assembly adapted to be inserted in an electrical power supply circuit of various electronic appliances for avoiding an invasion and leakage of noise includes first and second core members each having a pair of opposite arms connected together through a common bridge. Coils are formed on the arms of each of the core members in such a manner that directions of magnetic fluxes produced in the closed magnetic circuit as a result of flow of line currents counteract while the same coils are so arranged that the magnetic fluxes produced in the closed magnetic circuit as a result of the flow of the line currents are oriented in the same direction.

Abstract: A bandpass and/or elimination filter network for electric signals, includes an input circuit (1) which has the capacity to symmetrize and adapt the input impedance, and two branches (B C) and (D E) to which two frequency dependent cells (L C) are introduced. The branches meet at a combination circuit (2) for convergence to the sole output. This network can be used in communications electronics applications.

Abstract: A signal input device having a mutual inductor formed by a coil connected with a capacitor for a grounding cable in series and a coil connected with a capacitor for a signal cable in series, and a compensating capacitor connected with the series circuit composed of the capacitor and the coil on the grounding cable in parallel. The compensating capacitor serves to prevent occurrence of a voltage on the grounding cable, and accordingly only regular signals received by an antenna are transmitted. The mutual inductor prevents resonance of inductance of a lead terminal of the compensating capacitor with capacitance of the compensating capacitor.

Abstract: A balanced L-section low-pass common mode filter is connected in series with balanced data I/O lines to remove common mode signals from balanced line difference mode signals. The filter includes input and output series transformers configured so that the magnetic fields in the transformers are subtractive for out-of-phase difference mode signals and additive for in-phase common mode signals and a shunt transformer coupled to ground configured so that the magnetic fields in the transformer are additive for out-of-phase difference mode signals and subtractive for in-phase common mode signals. Accordingly, the difference mode signals are not attenuated and common mode signals react to a short circuit to ground and are thereby attenuated by the filter.

Abstract: A parallel connection multi-stage band-pass filter including an input terminal and an output terminal for signals, a plurality of resonators respectively having resonator frequencies different from and close to one another which are electrically connected in parallel to each other between said input and output terminals.

Abstract: An electrical data filter is provided for reducing noise reception and generation for data signal which is transmitted differentially on two conductors constituting the twisted-pair cable. The data filter includes an in-line transformer and a shunt transformer. The in-line transformer has a winding (i.e. the primary or secondary) in series with each line of the twisted pair. These windings are arranged so that they are wound in the same direction. Similarly, the shunt transformer includes a winding which shunts each wire of the twisted pair to ground through a series capacitor. These shunt windings are wound in opposite directions to each other.

Abstract: A balanced T-section low-pass common mode filter is connected in series with balanced data I/O lines to remove common mode signals from balanced line difference mode signals. The filter includes input and output series transformers configured so that the magnetic fields in the transformers are subtractive for out-of-phase difference mode signals and additive for in-phase common mode signals and a shunt transformer coupled to ground configured so that the magnetic fields in the transformer are additive for out-of-phase difference mode signals and subtractive for in-phase common mode signals. Accordingly, the difference mode signals are not attenuated and common mode signals react to a short circuit to ground and are thereby attenuated by the filter.

Abstract: A bandpass filter consisting of two dielectric resonators coupled with each other, the bandpass filter comprising: a filter body including an intermediate grounding layer, a first pair of dielectric layers, a pair of inductor layers, a second pair of dielectric layers, a pair of outer grounding electrode layers and a pair of protecting layers, one of each pair being laminated on an upper surface of the intermediate grounding electrode layer in the above order to constitute a first resonator and the other of each pair being laminated on a bottom surface of the intermediate grounding electrode layer in the above order to constitute a second resonator; and a plurality of outer connecting terminals provided on outer surfaces of said filter body and connected to predetermined layers among the intermediate grounding electrode layer, inductor layers and outer grounding electrode layers; wherein the intermediate grounding electrode layer has a coupling portion for magnetically coupling one inductor layer formed on th

Abstract: A switching power supply for controlling an output voltage to a constant value with respect to fluctuations in input or in load, wherein are provided a DC power supply; two dividing capacitors connected in series to both ends of the DC power supply; two semiconductor switches connected in series to both ends of the DC power supply; a transformer having a primary winding, one end of which is connected to a connecting point of the two dividing capacitors; and a T type circuit comprising two inductors connected in series between the connecting point of the two semiconductor switches and the other end of the primary winding; and a capacitor connected between the connecting point of the two inductors and the other end of the primary winding. The control characteristics of the switching power supply are improved by reducing the dependency of the output voltage on fluctuations in the load.

Abstract: A noise suppression inductor including a bobbin having a spool divided into a plurality of spool portions, a core mounted on the bobbin, at least one coil wound around the spool portions into a plurality of coil portions and a plurality of terminal pins connected to opposite ends of the coil, in which the coil portions have different winding widths such that stray capacities produced at the coil portions are made different from each other, whereby the noise suppression inductor has a plurality of self-resonance frequencies.

Abstract: An AC line filter in which a pair of windings are wound in an opposite dition to each other and are provided at opposing locations on a main core that forms a closed magnetic path. At least one auxiliary core which forms a shorter magnetic path than the main core is positioned adjacent the main core. The auxiliary core has at low frequency region an effective permeability higher than that of the main core. A portion of each of the pair of windings being provided in such a way that the portion is a concentrated winding which surrounds both the main core and the auxiliary core simultaneously.