Abstract: A switching device providing highly-reliable, frictionless, adjustment-free operation is described. Comprised of a comparatively small number of moving parts, the various aspects of the invention offer compact, cost-effective, reliable alternatives to their complex electromagnetic and costly solid-state counterparts. The main parts of the invention rely upon the principles of magnetic attraction and repulsion for the switching of a plurality of electrical contacts contained within the switching device. The flexibility inherent in the design of the invention permits the switching device to be configured in a variety of aspects, including the failsafe and latching designs described herein.

Abstract: A proportional variable force solenoid valve comprises a non-magnetic housing having a solenoid and a permanent magnet armature movable by the solenoid in response to current applied to the solenoid, a coil compression spring for biasing the armature in a direction to establish a valve fluid pressure response to solenoid current, and a valve housing closure engaging the spring and permanently deformed to position the closure relative to the spring in a manner to adjust the valve response. The size of the valve is reduced by providing a permanent magnet armature of reduced length having a flat outermost axial end which is engaged by the spring. A plate spring retainer is disposed on the flat axial end of the permanent magnet armature and is received with clearance in an enlarged longitudinal bore region of the solenoid coil bobbin.

Abstract: An electromagnetic relay is provided having a base; a motor assembly mounted on the base, the motor assembly including a coil, a core and a frame; an armature pivotably mounted on the frame; a first electrical contact mounted to the base; a movable elongated member biased against the armature at least at two points such that movement of the armature is restricted and the armature is disposed toward an initial position spaced from the core; and a second electrical contact mounted to the movable elongated member and operatively associated with the first electrical contact.

Abstract: An electromagnetic drive for a switch, preferably a motor protective circuit-breaker. The electromagnetic drive has a magnetic system, whose movable armature serves to actuate switching contact elements in the switch. The armature is coupled to a transmission lever by a leaf spring. One end the leaf spring is fixedly clamped and the other end of the leaf spring is connected to the transmission lever in such a way that the transmission lever is actuated when the leaf spring flexes and thus the free end of the leaf spring is displaced.

Abstract: The solenoid body of an electromagnetic solenoid having a pair of coil terminals to which an exciting coil is connected is movable together with a stopper plate in the direction of the arrow X and in the direction opposite to the direction of the arrow X in a casing. Each of a pair of coil springs of electrically conductive material has one end portion which is pressed against the spring supporting portion of the respective coil terminal, and the other end portion which is pressed against the inner surface of a cover, so that the electromagnetic solenoid and the stopper plate are urged towards a lock position. The coil springs includes external connecting portions to which external connecting wires are connected, so that current is supplied to the exciting coil of the electromagnetic solenoid through the coil springs.

Abstract: An electromagnetically actuator is disclosed having an electromagnet, a core element, the core element having a normally biased initial spaced apart first position distal from the electromagnet when the electromagnet is off and a second stop position proximal from the electromagnet when the electromagnet is on, a first resilient member adapted to bias said core element in the normally biased first position, and a second resilient member adapted to bias the electromagnet away from the core. The first resilient member is more resilient than the second resilient member. Therefore, the core approaches the electromagnet when the electromagnet is on until the core reaches the fixed stop position, and the electromagnet subsequently approaches the core to the fixed stop position. The actuator may further include an adjustment member that engages the electromagnet so as to control the pressure of the electromagnet against the second resilient member, whereby the axial position of the electromagnet is controlled.

Abstract: An electromagnetic oscillating system is disclosed and includes an electromagnet with at least two poles. Each of the poles carry at least one electric excitation winding for connection to an alternating electric field. A rotor is disposed between the poles and includes a shaft that is rotatably disposed within the bore of the electromagnetic windings. The shaft is hollow and has a torsional spring disposed therein. One end of the torsional spring is rigidly attached within the shaft, while the other end extends from the shaft and is rigidly fixed to a stationary point.

Abstract: A combined bearing/diaphragm seal for use in a solenoid valve assembly or the like is disclosed which provides a flexible fluid seal between the solenoid sub-assembly and the valve sub-assembly. The solenoid and valve sub-assemblies communicate mechanically via a portion of a solenoid armature which translates through the combined bearing/diaphragm seal and controls elements of the valve sub-assembly for regulating outlet fluid pressure. The bearing portion of the combined bearing/diaphragm seal comprises a flat spring-plate that is adapted to resiliently deflect in response to movement of the solenoid armature. The diaphragm portion of the combined bearing/diaphragm seal is an elastomeric seal material applied to at least one side of the spring plate.

Abstract: A structure for reducing impact force due to the collision of a movable iron core (4) against a fixed iron core (3), especially, impact force exerted against a bottom plate of a lower casing (2) where electromagnetic contactor mounting portions are provided. A back portion of the fixed iron core (3) is put on the bottom plate of the lower casing (2) through a convex leaf spring (14) which has opposite end portions bent at right angles to form lower pressure-receiving surfaces (14a) and side pressure-receiving surfaces (14b) so that the lower pressure-receiving surfaces (14a) and the side pressure-receiving surfaces (14b) are brought into contact with the bottom plate of the lower casing (2) and with side walls of the lower casing (2), respectively.

Abstract: A valve assembly having a first condition for blocking system fluid flow when system fluid pressure differential across the valve assembly is in a given range above a predetermined pressure differential and a second condition for permitting system fluid flow in one direction when system fluid pressure differential across the valve assembly is greater than the predetermined pressure. The valve comprises a valve housing, a valving member within the housing, a solenoid assembly, first and second springs for exerting force on the valving member and a solenoid energizing circuit. The valve housing defines a fluid flow inlet, a fluid flow outlet and supports a valve seat between the inlet and outlet. The valving member comprises a valving element positioned for engagement with the valve seat and a stem element fixed to and projecting from the valving element.

Abstract: An improved torque motor includes a supporting body (3) having a U-shaped cross-section and formed of a magnetizable material, includes at least two magnet structures (7, 8) adapted to be mounted on the body, includes first polepieces (10-13) mounted on the magnet structures, and includes an armature (5) mounted for movement in working air gaps (16, 17) between the first polepieces. Permanent magnets (10, 11) are mounted on the first polepieces. A second polepiece is spaced from the armature by the presence of a non-working air gap (21). At least one control coil (20) surrounding the second pole between the magnet structures (7, 8).

Abstract: In a starter, the pinion, which is rotated by torque of an electric motor, is slid axially by the plunger of an electromagnetic switch and is pushed against the engine ring gear by a conically coiled compression coil, which allows employment of a small electromagnetic switch. Further, in an electromagnetic switch in which the plunger confronted coaxially with the stationary iron core slidably supporting a rod with a movable contact is moved towards the stationary iron core by electromagnetic force, a conically coiled spring is interposed between the plunger and the stationary iron core in such a manner that the spring is substantially coaxial with the plunger and the iron core, so that the playing of the rod is prevented.

Abstract: An armature assembly for an electromagnetic coupling includes an armature plate made of a material having low magnetic reluctance and also includes an output hub having angularly spaced and radially extending mounting arms for supporting the armature plate. The armature plate is connected to the mounting arms by angularly spaced leaf springs which couple the armature plate and the output hub for rotation in unison while allowing the armature plate to move axially relative to the mounting arms when the coupling is engaged and disengaged. The leaf springs are made of a material having high magnetic reluctance and are formed with tabs or fingers which are sandwiched between the armature plate and the mounting arms to create a flux barrier for magnetically isolating the armature plate from the mounting arms and the output hub.

Abstract: To adjust the stroke of a control element actuated electromagnetically by means of a spring-mass oscillating system for displacement engines and to enable a freer arrangement of the electromagnetic setting device in the housing, in particular in a cylinder head of a displacement engine, the movement of the setting device is transferred to the control element, in particular one or more lift valves or flat slide valves, by means of a mechanical or hydraulic transmission system whose transformation ratio varies. Furthermore, devices are provided to adjust with precision the equilibrium position of the oscillating system. The electromagnetic setting device can also be combined with an end position attenuator and with a hydraulic compensating element.

Abstract: In a cross-coil rotary magnet device, a rotor (32) which is mounted rotatably together with a shaft (35) is formed of a permanent magnet (33) with diametrically opposite permanent magnet poles and a coil arrangement (10, 11) with coils which are arranged at an angular distance apart of, in particular, 90.degree.. For receiving the coils there is provided a coil body (14) which is divided into two parts (15, 16) and in which bearings (36, 37) of the shaft (35) of the rotor (32) are shaped in such a manner that the shaft protrudes out of the coil body at least one front outer end (12). One of the two parts (15, 16) of the coil body (14) has on this outer end tab-shaped clips (24-27) for the clamping attachment of an intermediate body (2). Bores (38-43) for connecting pins (4-7) are provided in the coil body parallel to the shaft (35). The cross-coil rotary magnet device can thus be adapted to numerous applications.

Abstract: An electromagnetic relay with a return spring is described, where the relay consists of a solenoid coil with a movable armature as the drive and a contact spring assembly, and there is an actuating rod that starts from one end of the armature and engages with spiral springs by means of catches for actuation of the contact, whereby the return spring at the other end of the actuating rod returns the contact spring assembly to home position.In order to achieve a significant reduction in force with the contact spring assembly in actuating the relay, the reset spring here is designed as a top dead center spring such that when the relay is driven against the return spring, the force needed to bend the spring is reduced.

Abstract: The multi-way valve comprises two valve seats (12, 14) formed in the valve chamber whose seat surfaces are parallel. Two closing bodies (22, 24) cooperating with one of these valve seats (12, 14) respectively are attached to both ends of an elongated actuating member (20). To this actuating member (20) there is attached the one end of an elastic lamella (18) whose other end (18A) is braced at the valve chamber (10). The actuating member (20) may swivel rocker-like around a swivel axis (28) which is not fixed in space. Although no direct guide for the actuating member (20) is provided, a precise guiding largely free from tolerances is guaranteed so that the drive power required is low.

Abstract: A proportional variable force solenoid control valve with an armature reciprocably movable within the bore hole of a coreless solenoid bobbin in proportion to applied electrical current between positions corresponding to a closed valve position and a fully open position. The positioning of the armature is controlled by balancing the variable force of the magnetic field of the coreless solenoid plus the force of the magnetic field of a permanent ring magnet against the force of a coil spring which biases the valve toward the closed position. The armature is suspended by low spring rate plate springs on opposite ends of the armature. An elastomeric diaphragm seals the solenoid against contaminants. The force of the coil spring is adjusted by a threaded plug.

Abstract: In an electromagnetic switchgear with movable contact parts held in a movable contact support and forming, with fixed contact parts, opening and closing contacts, the contact support being elastically connected with the armature in such a way that, with the opening contact welded, an onward movement of the movable magnet part is possible without operation of the closing contact, the yoke of the magnet system is also suspended elastically in its closing direction and this elastic suspension, the elastic connection between the armature and contact support and the elasticity of the movable contact parts are matched to one another in such a way that with the opening contact welded and the magnet system closed, the spring excursions of the armature and yoke are approximately the same.

Abstract: An electromagnet is provided comprising a fixed yoke, a movable armature including a core concentric with an energization coil, and magnetizable plates separated from the yoke by a variable longitudinal air-gap, a return means providing the rest position of the armature, and a compensation device comprising a thin U shaped stirrup piece whose two legs cooperate with the ends of the plate, portions of this stirrup cooperate with inclined ramps of an adjustable rotary cam, placed concentrically with the core of the armature.

Abstract: An electrically powered drive apparatus comprises a first clutch plate secured to an output shaft and a second clutch plate mounted to a gear which is rotatably and slidably provided on the output shaft. The second clutch plate comprises a resilient transmission member and a magnetically-attracted contact member. The resilient transmission member is secured at a first portion to the gear and is adapted to resiliently deflect. The contact member is secured to a second portion of the resilient transmission member. The resilient transmission member has teeth into which pins extend in meshing engagement. When a clutch coil is energized, the contact member is attracted by the first clutch plate to thereby cause the pins to engage the teeth, thereby transmitting rotational force from the drive source to the gear. When the clutch coil is de-energized, the contact member is released to return to its home position with the aid of the resiliency of the resilient transmission member.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuator for driving a hammer of an impact printer includes a solenoid and an armature which is attracted thereby. In a state of standby for printing, no current is supplied to the solenoid, and the armature holds the hammer in an urge-accumulated state. Upon supply of a current to the solenoid, the armature is attracted toward the core, and the hammer head in that state is released so as to be impacted against a platen, thereby effecting a printing operation. If the current is shut off with the armature attracted by the core of the solenoid, the armature returns to its original position. To effect a speedy return at that juncture, a return leaf spring having a resilient bent portion is interposed between the core and the armature.

Abstract: An electromagnetic switching device includes a mechanism to couple the magnet armature with its contact carrier. A plate spring is provided with cylindrical formations in its mid-section as well as on its opposite ends so that the plate spring can bend beyond its elongated state. This prevents the spring tension from being altered by contact with the ends of the opening of the magnet armature and the ends of the supporting slots.

Abstract: A relay includes a coil member having an axial cavity within which is an elongated rigid armature interacting with at least one pole plate in contacting fashion. The armature is positioned in the coil member by a spring frame which is prestressed to the quiescent position. The spring frame has two cross legs approximately parallel to the armature plane and two long legs extending laterally of the armature and lying in planes perpendicular to the armature plane. A spring tongue extends from one of the cross legs and to between the long legs, the free end of the spring tongue being connected to the armature. The spring frame produces a stable holding for the armature in the coil member and provides operational adjustment from outside the relay.

Abstract: A print head for a dot matrix printer comprises a housing (1) containing a number of actuators (2) driving a corresponding number of print wires (6). Each actuator (2) includes an actuating coil (11) wound around a yoke (10) fixed to the housing (1) and a pivotable armature (13) adjacent the yoke (10). The armature has one end pivotally connected to the housing by a hinge of rubber or rubber-like elastomeric material (26) and has its other end engaging the head of a print wire (6) so that, upon application of current to the actuating coil the pivotable armature (13) is attracted towards the yoke (10) and pivots about its one end causing its other end to drive the printwire (6) forwards. Preferably the pivoting armature (13) is formed by two separate parts, a soft iron pole piece (20) and an actuating finger (21). Preferably they are connected together by both a spot weld (22) and an adhesive. Preferably each actuator (2 ) also includes an adjusting screw (16) which bears against a damper (15).

Abstract: A wire matrix print head includes a plurality of axially movable print wires, each having an associated electromagnetic actuator comprising an actuating armature and an electromagnet. An E-shaped, laminated pole piece is utilized to obtain extremely high speed operation. The center arm of the E-shaped pole piece includes a portion of reduced width to provide space for the energizing coil, while the inner arm has full width to maximize the actuating force. The armature is pivoted about a point inward of the outer edge of the pole piece and is returned to its standby position by an O-ring prior to the print wire reaching the standby position. The print head includes a print wire guide assembly which imparts a constant radius curvature to each print wire.

Abstract: In a relay including an angle yoke (5), a flat armature (8) and a thin base plate (6) applied to the outside of the yoke, which forms a bearing groove (7) for the armature (8) together with the rectangularly cut end face (5a) of the yoke. The armature is pushed into the bearing groove by a predetermined particularly shaped bearing spring (15) and acted upon by a reset rotational moment. Through this arrangement, a space saving and cost-efficient construction of the relay with constant armature bearing force is obtained as well as low response efficiency.

Abstract: An elongated unitary spring armature is disclosed for use in dot matrix printers. The spring armature has an elongated triangular shape with attachment means located adjacent to the base and means for securing the impact tip located adjacent to the apex. A spring portion formed of a high carbon steel is located adjacent to the attachment means and an armature portion formed of a low carbon steel separates the spring portion from the apex. Processes for making the spring armature are also disclosed.

Abstract: A print wire driving device for a wire dot printer includes a plate like member having slots therein. The slots are arranged opposite the cores of a magnetic core block. The cores are arranged in a circle and project from the core block. The slots extend radially from the center of the plate like member. A magnetic driving member is received in each slot so that it pivots therein when acted upon by the magnetic field of a respective magnetic core. A print wire is coupled to each magnetic driving member. Each print wire is guided by a wire guide having a wire nose which receives at its end a wire guide member from which the ends of the print wires extend to print.

Abstract: An electromagnetic relay includes an electromagnet block and an armature block both mounted together on a relay base. The armature block is magnetically coupled to the electromagnet block such that it is magnetically driven thereby to move linearly between two operating positions for actuating the contact assembly into open and closed contact conditions. The armature block is supported on the base by means of a U-shaped balancing spring with a pair of parallel spring arms in the form of a spring leaf and a web integrally bridging the parallel spring arms at one end of each arm.

Abstract: A relay includes a permanent magnet for an armature restoring force having a highly negative temperature coefficient of remanence, where a portion of the permanent magnetic force is compensated by a compensation spring. The response voltage is rendered temperature independent by a heating means connected in parallel to the excitation winding to heat the permanent magnet in synchronization with the winding and, thus, guarantee a compensation of the response voltage with respect to the coil heating.

Abstract: A miniaturized electromechanical relay (1) with an armature assembly (14) and a contact assembly (13) mounting contacts thereon and having a magnetic member assembly (12) for activating the armature assembly to operate the contact assembly to engage and disengage the contacts. A spring member (16) for mounting the armature assembly on the magnetic member assembly is configured for generating a torsional moment in combination with a cantilever force on the armature assembly to maintain the armature assembly in a rotational relationship with the magnetic member assembly to control operation of the contacts in response to magnetic flux generated by the magnetic member assembly.

Abstract: A wire dot-printing head has an armature, a printing wire fixedly mounted on a tip end of the armature, a leaf spring fixedly mounted in one end thereof on a rear end of the armature and fixed in the other end, a spring branch part provided on the leaf spring in the vicinity of the fixed end of the leaf spring, and an adjusting screw adjustable from the outside to be brought into close contact with the spring branch part for deflecting the leaf spring for thereby adjusting a deflection of the leaf spring and thereby an impact force of the printing wire.

Abstract: An electromagnetic relay includes a coil having a winding between two coil flanges wherein one of the coil flanges forms a pocket-shaped contact chamber. An angled yoke is provided for the coil on which is seated a flat armature that is secured by an armature retaining spring. Male retaining members extending from the angled yoke mount the retaining spring and can be bent to set the armature restoring force. Separation of the moving parts of the relay at an end face of one coil flange from the winding enables casting compound to fill the winding space and seal the contact chamber.

Abstract: An electric actuator comprising a housing, a permanent magnet disposed within the housing, an axially movable armature disposed within the permanent magnet, an actuating coil supported by the housing for driving the armature to axially move, and an axially movable actuating rod fixedly connected to the armature, wherein the electric actuator further comprises a pair of elastic support members having radially inner end portions fixedly connected to the actuating rod and radially outer end portions fixedly connected to the housing, respectively.

Abstract: The relay has a flat armature (6) carried at one bearing edge (15) of a yoke arm (5a), which is attached via an armature retaining spring (8). In order to protect the armature against shocks, the exposed section (18) of the armature retaining spring (8) engages with one or several extensions (6a) of the armature. In the event of shocks occurring in the direction parallel to the coil axis, the armature is only able to move slightly and then it knocks against the terminal edges (16) of the exposed spring sections (18).

Abstract: An armature support pivotally supports an armature at one end thereof with the armature holding a print wire, wherein the armature support comprises a support member having a pair of arms; through holes formed in the pair of arms and having the same axis, and a penetrating hole formed in a base portion of the armature. The axis of the penetrating hole coincides with the axis of the through holes when the base portion of the armature is disposed between the pair of arms. A torsion spring member comprising a pair of larger diameter end portions, a larger diameter center portion and a pair of smaller diameter portions which interconnect the larger diameter end portions to the larger diameter center portion is disposed with the larger diameter end portions in the through holes and the larger diameter center portion being disposed in the penetrating hole, whereby the spring member is connected to the support member and armature at the larger diameter end and center portions.

Abstract: A dot matrix print head comprises a print wire unit in which a plurality of print wires are slidably mounted, an electromagnet unit having a plurality of electromagnets, and an armature unit secured to the print wire unit and to the electromagnet unit. The armature unit has a cover, a plurality of springs and a plurality of armatures. The armatures are held in the cover by a sub yoke secured to the cover.

Abstract: An electromagnetic relay includes an electromagnet, an armature assembly opposed to the electromagnet which moves according to the selective energization of the electromagnet, a contact mechanism which operates according to the movement of the armature assembly, and a pair of sheet springs which support the armature assembly so that it can reciprocate along its direction of motion. Thus, because the biasing force characteristic curve may be altered by altering the spring forces and characteristics of either or both of the sheet springs, it is possible to greatly expand the possible range and variety of adjustment of the relay, as opposed to the case in which only one sheet spring is used. The two sheet springs may optionally be mounted one on either side of the armature assembly, with respect to its direction of motion.

Abstract: A variable force solenoid for operating a hydraulic pressure regulating valve which includes an actuator shaft aligned with the central axis of the valve and solenoid, a coil of electrical conducting wire, a cylindrical core on which the wire is wound and through which the induced magnetic flux flows, an actuator actuates shaft spaced by a non-working air gap from the casing and moveable axially toward and away from the edge of the core, flexible bearings at opposite axial ends of the actuator shaft and a compression spring. A force is applied to the actuator shaft by a unique double spring combination. The flexible bearings restrict lateral displacement of the actuator and permit frictionless axial displacement of the actuator. The hydraulic valve has a valve spool that moves due, to the position of the actuator, from a position that produces maximum pressure when the coil is de-energized to a position that produces zero pressure when the coil is energized.

Abstract: A print head for dot printers comprising a plurality of actuators each including an armature supported on a holder through a torsion spring and having at its end a printing wire. The torsion spring is inserted in and bonded to the inner wall of through-holes of the bifurcated end portion of one of the armature and holder and to the inner wall of through-hole of the other of them, and has larger diameter portions fitted in the through-holes and smaller diameter portions interposed between the larger diameter portions. The smaller diameter portions of the torsion spring are formed in the concave section to avoid the concentration of torsional stress in the stepped boundary portions.

Abstract: In order to define more precisely the pivot line (25) on which the armature (17) swings about the magnet yoke (12) at its line of contact therewith, the armature restoring spring (28) is made of spring wire (29) bent into meander shape. One end of it is attached to the magnet yoke and the other to an extension (31) of the armature that extends across the pivot line. A spring clip (34) is snapped over the restoring spring and onto the sides of the magnet yoke pushes the restoring spring against the magnet yoke and opposes lengthwise shifting of the armature across the edge (32a) on which it is pivoted.

Abstract: An a.c. contactor with an armature activated by a magnetic system, which is effectively connected to a return spring-loaded contactor onto which the movable contact component of the contact system is mounted. The contact carrier is herein fitted with an auxiliary mass and placed in effective contact with the armature by a coupling spring, wherein the auxiliary mass is movable in relationship to the contact carrier and an additional spacer bar component, with which the armature is coupled. The coupling spring supported on one end by the contact carrier, can on the other end connect to an offset end of the spacer component which is pressed against the auxiliary mass, whereby the auxiliary mass connects with a catch of a contact carrier or else is spring-loaded against the direction of motion of the contact carrier towards a stop on the contact carrier via a separate auxiliary spring. These improvements dampen and delay the recoil of the contact carrier experienced during switching of the a.c. contactor.

Abstract: The print head has armatures each provided with a holding part connected to one end of a spring plate. For avoiding concentration of a tensile stress on a brazed part between the holding part and the spring plate, part of the holding part extending contiguously to one side of the spring plate, subjected to a compressive stress when the spring is bent, is longer than the part of the holding part extending contiguously to the other side of the spring plate subjected to a tensile stress when the spring plate is bent.

Abstract: A two-pole limited angle torque motor including a rotor assembly having one or more permanent rotor magnets and a stator assembly including a stator coil and a pair of circumferentially spaced stator pole structures. Each pole structure includes a generally axially extending stator pole blade about which the stator coil circumferentially extends. A radially outwardly extending flange is at one end of one of the stator pole structures and at the opposite end of the other stator pole structure. The stator pole blades have a greater radial thickness adjacent the flanges thereof than at the opposite end of the blade to reduce the magnetic flux density of the stator pole structures in the region of the blades adjacent the flanges thereof. Also, the axial outer end faces of the flanges desirably protrude axially outwardly adjacent the radial inner ends thereof to make use of the fringing fields of the rotor magnet at the ends of the rotor assembly to increase the reluctance torque of the motor.

Abstract: Limited angle torque motor includes a rotor assembly having one or more permanent magnets which are magnetized in the diametrical direction and a stator assembly having a plurality of axially spaced pairs of stator pole pieces, each pair having a stator coil extending circumferentially therearound. Each stator pole piece includes a generally axially extending pole blade and a radially outwardly extending flange portion at one end only of each pole piece, said flange portions being at opposite ends of the pole pieces of each pair. One or more of the stator coils and associated pairs of pole pieces may be rotationally offset with respect to one or more other coils and associated pairs of pole pieces to provide for the reshaping or widening of the resulting magnetic reluctance and interaction of magnetic fields torques versus rotation characteristics for a given motor design.

Abstract: A tilting-armature relay having an excitation coil and magnetic core mounted within a housing and supported by a magnet yoke. A tilted armature mounted above the core pivots about a knife-edge bearing and responds to an electromagnetic field. A supporting spring is clamped to the magnet yoke for providing a spring force against the armature and a leaf spring carrying a first of a set of electrical contacts is mounted atop and operates with the armature. The leaf spring is fixedly connected to the supporting spring forming an overlapping connecting piece for connecting the supporting spring to the armature. The supporting spring exerts a pulling force on the leaf spring for providing a restoring force to the armature forcing together the set of electrical contacts and exactly defining a contact pressure therebetween independent of the spring characteristic of the supporting spring.

Abstract: Limited angle torque motor includes a motor power section comprising a rotor assembly having one or more permanent rotor magnets which are magnetized in a diametrical direction and a stator assembly surrounding the rotor assembly. The magnetic flux in the motor power section produces an inherent magnetic centering spring rate tending to keep the rotor assembly at the midpoint of its rotational angle range. However, when a direct or pulse width modulated current is applied to the stator windings, a cross flux is produced through the stator and rotor assemblies of the motor power section which produces the desired limited rotational angle range for the rotor assembly. The motor also includes a separate magnetic centering spring section which provides another centering spring function in addition to the basic centering spring function inherent in the motor power section.

Abstract: An improved magnetic actuator mechanism suitable for dot printing mechanisms for use in a wire matrix dot printer. The present magnetic actuator mechanism comprises an armature movable between a reset position and an actuated position, a permanent magnet for attracting the armature toward the reset position, and an electromagnet which, when energized, generates in the armature a magnetic flux opposite to and larger than the magnetic flux generated therein by the permanent magnet. The armature is thus moved to the actuated position by the turn of the magnetization direction in the armature when the electromagnet is energized.

Abstract: An electromagnetic relay wherein a force-transmitting member or actuator is carried by the armature to engage the contactor, which carries a moveable contact, such as to provide several different mechanical advantages in moving the moveable contact into firm engagement with a stationary contact. The actuator is provided with an inclined surface such that when the electromagnetic force on the armature is minimum, the actuator engages the contactor in a particular location to provide a mechanical advantage which requires minimum force in moving the moveable contact, and thereafter when the armature is within its strong magnetic force range, the inclined surface causes such actuator to engage the contactor in a different location to thereby provide maximum travel in urging the moveable contact into engagement with the stationary contact.