Abstract: A bistable switching arrangement has a magnetic system comprised of a yoke/core, an armature and at least one permanent magnet, as well as a magnetic coil. The armature is swingably held at the core by a spring and mechanically linked to a movable contact, with an air gap being formed in one switching state between the armature and a pole face of the yoke/core combination. In order to attain that only slight forces act upon the released armature, the permanent magnet is positioned in a region of the yoke to form one part of the cross sectional area, with the other part being formed by a non-magnetic member.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation valve meters exhaust gas to the intake of an internal combustion engine. The valve includes an electromagnetic solenoid actuator having a magnetic circuit defined by a primary and a secondary pole piece. The pole pieces define an axial chamber in which is disposed an axially moveable armature and an associated valve member. The primary pole piece has a center pole member including a cylindrical inner wall which is open at a first end for receiving the armature. The armature and the cylindrical inner wall establish a fixed, radially extending primary air gap for flux passage while the outer wall extends in an outward taper from the first, open end of said center pole member and operates to increase the mass of the pole piece through which the magnetic circuit operates as the armature moves from the first, open end of the center pole member towards the second end.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuator is disclosed. The actuator includes a core having an inner and outer pole that defines a pole face. A coil of windings is disposed in the core and produces a magnetic field. An armature is moveable between first and second positions in response to the force produced by the magnetic field. A stroke elongation device is disposed adjacent to the outer pole piece and closely spaced from the armature. The stroke elongation device increases the pull-in force of the electromagnetic actuator.

Abstract: A method of constructing a magnetic flux gap comprising fabricating a first portion from a material having low reluctance and so as to provide an end surface, and a cylindrical inner surface having a diameter, fabricating a second portion from a material having high reluctance and so as to provide axially spaced first and second end surfaces, and a cylindrical inner surface having a diameter greater than the diameter of said cylindrical inner surface of said first portion, fabricating a third portion from a material having low reluctance and so as to provide an end surface, and a cylindrical inner surface having a diameter substantially equal to the diameter of said cylindrical inner surface of said first portion, fixing together the first and second portions with the first end surface of the second portion in axially abutting adjacent relation to the end surface of the first portion and with said cylindrical inner surfaces in concentric relation, fixing together the second and third portions with the second

Abstract: The metering valve is controlled by an electromagnet having a fixed core, a oil, and an armature. The core is formed by pressing and subsequently sintering a mixture of powdered ferrous material and an epoxy binder; and presents a low magnetic hysteresis and low parasitic currents, so that, for a given energizing current, a greater magnetic force is achieved and more rapidly, and, for a given magnetic force or maximum operating frequency, the core and/or coil may be made smaller.

Abstract: Improvements in an armature-pintle assembly (36) and related stator structure (56, 58) of a solenoid actuator used in an EGR valve (10) for controlling the EGR valve opening in accordance with an electric control current from an engine control system. The stator structure defines an air gap (80) disposed in proximate surrounding relationship to a cylindrical tubular walled portion (126) of the armature (40). The air gap is defined by two confronting, but axially spaced apart, axially extending wall portions (66, 82) of the stator structure. A non-magnetic sleeve member (110) has a tubular cylindrical side wall disposed radially between these stator wall portions and the cylindrical tubular walled portion of the armature. The sleeve has an end wall disposed for abutment with the armature to define a limit of axial travel for the armature-pintle assembly and to provide a spring seat for a helical coiled spring that biases the armature-pintle assembly normally closed.

Abstract: A sum current transformer that acts on a protective switch via an amplifier has a core of a solid metallic material composed of an alloy having more than 40% nickel, so that it can be implemented mechanically solid even given small dimensions. The temperature dependency of the arrangement caused by the ohmic resistance of the winding is compensated by the diminishing eddy currents in the core given increasing temperature, so that the smallest dimensions can be realized for the aggregate current transformer.

Abstract: A solenoid valve assembly, subject to high vibration and shock induced loading, providing both axial and radial motion restraint of critical valve structures as economical means for achieving structural integrity.

Abstract: A low-noise solenoid has an armature with a projecting ridge receivable within a groove in a pole piece. As the ridge enters the groove, the magnetic force which opposes a return spring decreases until there is equilibrium whereat the armature remains suspended without impacting upon the pole piece.

Abstract: An electromagnetic clutch has an electromagnetic coil 3, an armature 5, and a rotor 1 of a substantially C-cross section, which is constructed by an outer ring 21 arranged outside of the coil 3, an inner ring 22 arranged inside of the coil 3, and a friction face 23 for connecting the inner and the outer rings 21 and 22. The outer ring has an inner periphery of a reduced diameter located nearer to the friction face, so that a thick wall portion 27 is created at a location adjacent the friction face 23. As a result, the magnetic resistance of the outer ring 21 is reduced at a location adjacent the friction wall 23, thereby increasing the total magnetic force of the magnetic circuit, thereby increasing an engaging face between the rotor and the armature.

Abstract: A combined bearing/diaphragm seal for use in a solenoid valve assembly or the like is disclosed which provides a flexible fluid seal between the solenoid sub-assembly and the valve sub-assembly. The solenoid and valve sub-assemblies communicate mechanically via a portion of a solenoid armature which translates through the combined bearing/diaphragm seal and controls elements of the valve sub-assembly for regulating outlet fluid pressure. The bearing portion of the combined bearing/diaphragm seal comprises a flat spring-plate that is adapted to resiliently deflect in response to movement of the solenoid armature. The diaphragm portion of the combined bearing/diaphragm seal is an elastomeric seal material applied to at least one side of the spring plate.

Abstract: A solenoid actuator, adapted for use in a fuel injector, has a pole member, an armature associated therewith, and an energizable winding associated with the pole member. The solenoid actuator is latchable by residual magnetism between the pole member and the armature without the aid of a permanent magnet. The pole member and the armature are composed of steel having a carbon content of between 0.8% and 1.2% and an RC hardness of between 40 and 60. The armature is reciprocable between a first position in which the armature makes physical contact with the pole member and a second position in which the armature is spaced from the pole member. The armature occupies the first position when the winding is energized and the second position when the winding is deenergized. The armature is held in the first position by residual magnetism between the pole member and the armature when the winding is deenergized after being initially energized.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for a two-pulse solenoid embossing system implementing an amplitude feedback circuit, i.e., current monitor (48), to provide precise amplitude and timing control over two current pulses (4, 5), and thereby provide precision control over the position and velocity of the embossing system's print elements (64a, 64b). To maintain the current amplitude during the second current pulse (5), the method and apparatus alternatively switches the power on and off to the solenoid coils (55) with a frequency such that a substantially constant current amplitude is maintained in the solenoid coils (55). The embossing system provides an improved solenoid body assembly (61) including a first stack of steel laminations (93), a center block (82) and a second stack of steel laminations (81). A plunger (62) is slidably connected to the solenoid body assembly (61) by shaft (63). Cavities (79) receive dowel pins (71) which are attached to plunger (62).

Abstract: The invention refers to a coin switch for a coin handling device. According to the invention, the switching element is an individual member made of plastic material, the armature is provided with at least a lateral projection extending towards the magnet and the magnet includes a yoke portion extending parallel and in a small distance with respect to said projection.

Abstract: A coupling disc (e.g., the armature or rotor) of an electromagnetic coupling such as a clutch or brake is formed with a plurality of concentric rows of specially shaped slots which are filled with high magnetic reluctance brazing material in order to structurally strengthen the disc and reduce the tendency of the disc to deflect and bend under high loads. Optionally, an annulus of the brazing material may interconnect the rings and may back and support the non-working face of the disc to further strengthen the disc.

Abstract: An apparatus for dispensing viscous fluids, such as adhesives, sealants, caulks is actuated by an electromagnetic coil assembly (42,136) in conjunction with a magnet (38,126) mounted to a plunger (26,118). Energizing the coil assembly produces an electromagnetic field which cooperates with the magnetic field to cause the plunger to open. Closing results from reversing the electromagnetic field.

Abstract: The invention concerns a bistable magnetic drive with an assembled armature 3, 4 consisting of a high-grade, disk-shaped permanent magnet 3 with two appropriately shaped pole pieces 4,4' and displaceable sideways off the coil 1 transversely to its axis inside an electromagnetic annular pole-piece Rp between two electromagnetic stop pole-pieces 5, 5'. The invention describes illustrative embodiments and applications of this drive as an excursion and oscillating magnet, further a circuit for DC operation. A capacitor circuit furthermore allows mono-stable operation. The advantages are a lightweight armature, high efficiency, bilateral operation, versatility and simplicity.

Abstract: A compressor having an electromagnetically actuated valve is disclosed. The movement of the compressor's piston is controlled by an electromagnetically actuated valve. The valve includes an electromagnetic element having a core and a coil, and an armature. The core has a surface and an opening at the surface extending through the core. The surface also includes a continuous channel extending around the opening. The channel has a top portion of frustroconical cross-section and a bottom portion. The coil is disposed in the bottom portion. The armature element has a raised portion dimensioned to be received within the top portion of the channel. The valve shaft is disposed within the opening of the electromagnetic element and is connected to the armature. The compressor piston is connected to one end of the shaft. A support spring is disposed within the opening of the electromagnetic element, and extends from the retaining bar to the upper surface of the cylinder.

Abstract: The present solenoid stator assembly mounts on a seat forming part of a fuel injector, secured to it by mounting bolts. A rigid metal outer housing has a base shaped to fit upon the mounting seat of the fuel injector and defines an interior chamber. An E-shaped stator core is located centrally within the interior chamber and an insulated plastic inner housing extends between the stator core and the outer housing to fixedly secure the core within the interior chamber. The outer housing reinforces the insulated plastic inner housing against the bulging forces imposed by high fuel pressure and protects it against damage from external blows.

Abstract: A magnetic flux converging type high speed electromagnet comprising a magnetic frame and an exciting coil assembly positioned within the frame. The exciting coil assembly includes a plurality of series-connected exciting coil portions spaced from each other along a longitudinal axis and a plurality of conductor plates interposed between the coil portions. Each of the conductor plates is provided with a hollow cylindrical member having a slit extending in the longitudinal direction which is continuous with a radial slit in the conductor plate, and each of the hollow cylindrical members extends along the longitudinal axis from a corresponding conductor plate toward a first end of the magnetic frame. A first end conductor plate not having the hollow cylindrical member is interposed between the first end of the magnetic frame and an adjacent exciting coil portion of the exciting coil assembly.

Abstract: A length of wire is toroidally wound, and then the toroid is encapsulated and cut in two along a plane that is perpendicular to the toroidal axis. The resulting portions are used as stator and/or armature of a solenoid, and in the solenoid the cut face of each forms one side of the solenoid's working gap so that the faces move toward and away from each other as the solenoid operates.

Abstract: A rotor for a six-pole electromagnetic clutch includes an outer pole ring and an axially facing disc. The disc is formed with two circumferentially extending and radially spaced rows of circumferentially spaced slots, there being short circumferentially extending bridges between adjacent slots in each row. To strengthen the bridges against failure under high load and heavy wear conditions, a stainless steel reinforcing ring is brazed to the outer pole ring and the disc and transmits torque between the two. The outer edge of the disc thus may be spaced radially inwardly from the outer pole ring to establish an annular air gap which coacts with the two rows of slots to enable the rotor to possess the requisite magnetic characteristics to function in a six-pole clutch.

Abstract: A lower die having a first recess corresponding to one of outer shapes of the element, and an upper die having a second recess are provided. The outer diameter of the upper dies is smaller than the inner diameter of the first recess so that a gap is formed between the inside wall of the first recess and the outside wall of the upper die. A workpiece is put between the lower and upper dies, and the upper die is pressed against the lower die to form the element.

Abstract: A solenoid valve which has a first magnetic core that is separated from a second magnetic core by a bushing. The bushing has an inner corner that sits within an outer seat of the first magnetic core, and an outer seat that cooperates with an inner seat of the second magnetic core such that the magnetic cores capture the bushing.

Abstract: An electromagnetic clutch rotor has an axial end plate with a plurality of concentric rings formed therearound. Each concentric ring is defined by a plurality of alternating arcuate slits and ribs. Arcuate slits form poles on opposite sides thereof, and cause the magnetic flux to follow a zigzagging path between the axial end plate and the armature plate. The ribs on adjacent concentric rings are not aligned radially, and thus reduce the amount of flux leakage through the axial end plate. In addition, the ribs are progressively larger towards the radial center to account for the increased bending stresses towards the center of the axial end plate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a helically wound core of ferrous material used as a differential current sensor core in the ground fault sensor of a ground fault interrupter circuit. The ferrous material comprises a single strand of wire which is wound in helical fashion to create a tubular shaped core comprising a series of wire loops (all part of the single strand) parallel to each other and running the length of the tubular shape. The core is placed around a pair of current carrying lines to be monitored for ground faults (one line leading to and one line leading away from the power source) to interact with the magnetic fields of the lines. Toroidally wound leads wrapped around the wire core act as a secondary and are connected to a ground fault interruption circuit to shut off the power to the conducting lines in the event that the sensor detects a difference in current in the lines.

Abstract: A driving apparatus for imparting motion to an image sensor is disclosed that includes a frame structure, a support spring coupled to the frame structure, a support structure coupled to the support spring and a foundation structure, wherein the support structure keeps the support spring suspended above the foundation structure, a first drive solenoid coupled to a first side of the frame structure, and a second drive solenoid coupled to a second side of the frame structure that is adjacent to the first side of the frame structure wherein at least one drive solenoid includes a solenoid body, a magnetic coil, and a magnetically deflectable solenoid beam.

Abstract: Because of inherent delay in magnetic flux propagation in the magnetic circuit, the transient opening magnetic force on the armature does not build as rapidly as the injector driver circuit may be capable of commanding. This transient force is augmented without increasing the package size of the magnetic circuit. A fuel injector has a novel solenoid actuator magnetic circuit that has slots, convolutions, or the like dispersed in the surface of the magnetic circuit to provide increased surface area on the magnetic circuit in the direction of the lines of flux generated when the solenoid is energized along a path to the magnetic gap without increasing the overall size of the magnetic circuit. This increased surface area for the skin provides increased flux paths in the magnetic gap during the transient build-up of magnetic force across the gap, thereby improving the response of the armature upon opening.

Abstract: A solenoid having a bobbin with a rectangular core hole in which is mounted an armature having a rectangular cross section, and a pole piece having a rectangular cross section. The bobbin has a magnet wire coil wound around a bobbin tubular body which is rectangular in cross section. The bobbin has an upper flange and a lower flange that encloses the ends of the coil. A tubular can is seated around the bobbin. A top flux plate is seated on the upper can surface and a bottom flux plate is seated under the lower can surface. The flux plates are secured to the bobbin flanges. A sealing, electrical insulating heat dissipating material is disposed inside of the tubular can which seals the coil and insulates the coil from the flux plates, tubular can and solenoid mounting screws.

Abstract: A solenoid coil assembly comprises a bobbin containing an electromagnetic coil thereon, and a magnetically permeable conductor for conducting magnetic flux issued by said coil when energized. The magnetically permeable conductor is in the form of plural magnetically permeable U-shaped wires circumferentially arranged around the bobbin with one side of each wire disposed radially inwardly of the coil and the other side of each wire disposed radially outwardly of the coil. The sides of the wires pass through pre-formed holes in the bobbin.

Abstract: A high efficiency solenoid includes a magnetic material solenoid core, an electrical current conductive coil and a moveable magnetic plunger. The solenoid core has a first end portion, a first face disposed at the first end portion, a second end portion opposite the first end portion and a continuous channel disposed in the first face. The electrical current conductive coil disposed in the channel and arranged so that magnetic flux developed in response to a current in the coil forms a first magnetic pole on the first face interiorly of the channel and a second magnetic pole of opposite plurality on the first face exteriorly of the channel. The plunger has a surface and a facing coextensive relationship to the first face. The plunger is normally biased in a first position to space the surface from the first face to form a gap therebetween. There is no magnetic material which is received through a bore within the solenoid core.

Abstract: An electromagnetic clutch comprising a rotor rotatable about a rotational axis, an armature operable to be magnetically coupled with the rotor for rotation therewith, and a fixed annular magnetic coil energizable to magnetially couple the rotor and armature. The rotor includes an inner annular portion, an annular clutch portion extending outwardly from an end of the inner annular portion and an outer annular portion extending from an outer end of the clutch portion. The annular clutch portion includes a coupling surface and a series of arcuate slots extending from the coupling surface through the annular clutch portion.

Abstract: One face of a coupling disc (i.e., the armature or rotor) of an electromagnetic coupling such as a clutch or brake is formed with a plurality of radially spaced and circumferentially extending grooves. The other face of the disc is formed with a plurality of radially spaced rows of circumferentially extending slots which communicate with the grooves so as to form air gaps completely through the disc. In the preferred embodiment, each groove is circumferentially continuous while each row of slots is defined by circumferentially spaced slots which are separated by short bridges. By virtue of forming the grooves in the disc, only a small thickness of material need be removed from the disc in order to form the slots.

Abstract: A solenoid plunger magnet system is disclosed, preferably to be used as print hammer in a print hammer device. Known solenoid plunger magnets have in the exciting coil a first interferric gap as working interferric gap and a second interferric gap outside the exciting coil as loss interferric gap. The magnetic lines of force at the second gap are lost as moving forces for the solenoid plunger. The purpose of the invention is to increase the magnetic force of solenoid plunger magnets by using the second gap as well for generating forces, without affecting the generation of forces at the inner gap. For this purpose, a male taper control is arranged at the outer gap, which has a cylindrical shape and the usual length of loss gaps. A considerable increase of the magnetic force is thus achieved.

Abstract: The electromagnetic relay, particularly an armature relay, includes a ferromagnetic yoke with a yoke wall, and a ferromagnetic coil core, which is mounted by inserting a neck portion thereof in a hole in the yoke wall, for example in a press fit. To provide a connection between the coil core and the yoke which is more permanent, a support for the coil core is provided on the yoke wall which includes a projection on the inner surface of the yoke wall and a recess in an outer surface of the yoke wall (4) on an opposing side from the projection on the inner surface (27). The projection (28) extends from the inner surface of the yoke wall toward a shoulder (32) of the coil core (7). The neck portion (6) of the coil core (7) extends into the recess (29) and a rivet (39) for fastening the neck portion (6) in the recess (29) of the support (26). The recess (29) and the projection (28) are approximately equal. A method of making the electromagnetic relay is also described.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuator suitable for use in combination with the mechanisms of cameras and the like. The electromagnetic actuator has a single electromagnet, and first and second armatures disposed opposite to the opposite attracting surfaces of the electromagnet, respectively. The first armature actuates a first operating lever for operating the shutter release mechanism of a camera, and the second armature actuates a second operating lever for operating the diaphragm of the camera. The first armature is separated from the attracting surface and the second armature is in contact with the attracting surface while the electromagnet is not energized. When the electromagnet is energized, the first armature is attracted to the attracting surface to actuate the first operating lever for releasing the shutter.

Abstract: An electromagnet and plunger assembly including a ring-shaped solenoid coil having a fixed pole component which extends from the one end into the interior of the solenoid coil. Movable in the axial direction, the plunger extends from the other end into the interior of the solenoid coil. A control device serving the adjustment of the armature pull comprises a sensor element measuring the magnetic induction. The pole component is subdivided in two pole parts which are coaxially nested and between which an annular gap is formed. The annular gap is sealed with a magnetically nonconductive material on its end facing toward the plunger. The sensor element is located in the annular gap in the interior of the solenoid coil.

Abstract: An airless, solenoid-operated applicator having a high speed non-contact extrusion valve, wherein the time required for opening and closing the plunger assembly of the valve, as well as for the applicator to recycle, is minimized by concentrating an electromagnetic field on pole pieces made of magnetically soft material. The electromagnetic field is generated by a coil having windings with a length substantially equal to the distance between their inner and outer diameter. Further, the dynamic pole has a length relative to the length of the windings since the plunger assembly is spring-loaded within the static pole instead of the dynamic pole. An annealing process may also be performed on the pole pieces, as well as various magnetically conductive and corrosion resistant coatings or platings applied thereto, in order to further enhance the susceptibility of the pole pieces to magnetism.

Abstract: The non-working face of a coupling disc (i.e., the armature or rotor) of an electromagnetic coupling such as a clutch or brake is formed with radially spaced rows of angularly spaced grooves separated by radially extending bridges. The grooves terminate short of the working face of the disc and delineate magnetic poles in the disc. In some embodiments, radially spaced rows of grooves also are formed in the working face of the disc. In still other embodiments, excess metal resulting from rolling of the grooves in the non-working face of the disc is used to form integral locating flanges or the like adjacent the disc.

Abstract: A solenoid apparatus includes a core of magnetic material and a plunger of magnetic material movably mounted at one end of the core. A bobbin is disposed about the core and the plunger and an electric coil is wound thereon. A U-shaped yoke extends over one end of the core and is secured thereto. Opposite ends of the wire forming the coil are connected to first and second terminals, one of which is connected to the positive lead wire and the other of which is connected to the yoke, whereby the yoke acts as the ground connection.

Abstract: The iron core of an electromagnet includes a stack of steel sheets stacked perpendicular to a horizontal axis, presents a sectional shape symmetrical with respect to the horizontal axis and is provided therein with a groove of a specified shape. The iron core is produced by stacking and integrating a desired number of steel sheets into a one-piece iron core and finally forming the specific shaped groove therein. Accordingly, no gaps are generated in the iron core and the density thereof becomes high even in the case of a sector iron core. Furthermore, the groove formation is conducted as a final step after the integration of the stacked steel sheets. Thus the heat during the welding operation for such an integration has no adverse effect on the groove in the iron core and the problem of lack of magnetic force is solved thereby.

Abstract: As thin type yoke having excellent magnetic characteristic to including a pair of yoke segments having a wide iron segment attracting part which is extended and bent at the one end of a coil winding part, wherein said coil winding part is offset in the lateral direction and the end part thereof is mutually and placed in contact with the wide iron segment attracting part of the other yoke segment.

Abstract: The invention provides an electromagnetic actuatable device including at least one current carrying winding having electrical terminals for applying voltage thereacross and a ferrymagnetic member configured to provide a closed magnetic flux path for magnetic flux induced by the winding when voltage is applied thereto. The member is at least partly disposed within the winding and has means locatable at least in proximity to the winding for modifying magnetic field intensity therethrough. One of the windings or members is adapted to be immobilized with respect to the other so that upon the application of voltage to the winding the non-immobilized winding or member is movable with respect to the other as a result of the force developed by the induced flux.

Abstract: An electromagnet, for valves, comprises thin-walled axially symmetrical parts and is adapted to different uses by special air gap arrangements and armature suspensions; the electromagnet generates high magnet forces at low armature mass and is employable, in particular, for actuation of fuel injection valves for internal combustion engines and in general hydraulics; the electromagnet possesses a high mechanical stability and eddy current depletion combined with simple armature suspension and low cost of manufacture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an assembly of electromagnetic actuators for the hammers of an impact printer arranged side by side and extending along a line. Each actuator comprises a first stator part formed with at least one pole piece, a second stator part formed with at least one pole piece and positioned relative to the first stator part so that the pole pieces are spaced apart so as to form a gap therebetween. A single coil is associated with one of the stator parts. Each actuator also includes an armature member formed with a body of non-magnetizable material, at least one armature element of magnetizable material and a hammer head. The armature member is supported between the stator parts so that the armature element is located adjacent to the gap. Energization of the coil causes the generation of a flux which passes across the gap and through the armature element tending to move the armature element into the gap and to cause the hammer head to move into a print position.

Abstract: Electric relay comprising one or more relay tongues, a relay contact cooperating with the respective tongue and an electromagnet actuating the respective tongue. A relay tongue unit (3) is then integral with at least one relay tongue (4), which has in one part an area reducing cross sectional dimension and is formed at its end opposite to the free end with a material cut portion (23) serving as an electric fuse. The surface of the relay contact (6) cooperating with the contact point (5) of the relay tongue is movable to a limited extent relative to this and, moreover, the electromagnet (9) actuating the relay tongue (4) consists of two composite iron plates (31, 32) electrically insulated from each other which have each, insulated from each other, an electric connection (34) integral with the iron plate, the coil (37) fed by the operating current of the electromagnet (9) being connected with one of its conducting ends (38) to one iron plate (31) and with its other end (39) to the other iron plate (32).

Abstract: A coil mounting arrangement includes a coil wound on a bobbin and in turn disposed about a core which is mounted to a frame. The frame includes a base portion and a leg portion which extends upwardly therefrom at a right angle. A support collar extends upwardly from the upper surface of the frame base portion and encircles a mounting opening which extends through the frame base portion. The core is inserted downwardly into press-fitted engagement with the frame within the support collar and mounting opening. Insertion continues until the height of the top of the core correlates directly with a position on the frame leg portion, such as the pivot axis of an armature. The underside of the frame base portion remains smooth.

Abstract: A relay includes a coil member having a base body with a contact space at one end containing two cooperating contact elements, and an elongated contact spring extending next to the coil. The principal plane of each of an angular yoke, an angled armature seated at the yoke, a contact spring, and a connecting plate electrically and mechanically connected to the contact spring are all perpendicular to the connecting plane of the relay. The connecting plate has a U-shaped profile and surrounds the contact spring so that together with the base body, the contours of the cuboid housing are formed which is sealed with foil.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuator includes a core structure defining a central pole piece and an annular pole piece surrounding the central pole piece in spaced relationship. A winding is provided which when energized causes the pole faces of the pole pieces to assume opposite magnetic polarity to draw an armature towards the pole faces. A further winding is located about the annular pole piece and an annular core component surrounds the annular pole piece in spaced relationship and extends beyond the pole faces to form a radial air gap 23 with the armature.

Abstract: A proportional solenoid has a fixed pole piece 39 and a movable armature 45, both fitted into the bore 52 of a guide tube 36 that provides the required concentricity between the fixed and movable pole pieces 39 and 45. One of the pole pieces has a cylindrical recess 56 and the other pole piece has a reduced diameter cylindrical nose 62 that is complementary to cylindrical recess 56. A radially inwardly facing frusto-conical surface 95 is formed in cylindrical nose 62 to be disposed within recess 56 of the other pole piece and provide a frustoconical pole piece section producing a linear forcestroke curve.