Abstract: Proposed is a heater arrangement for a measuring sensor for determining components in gases, particularly in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. The heater arrangement comprises at least two heating elements (10, 11) which are disposed at least partly one above the other and electrically insulated from one another by means of at least one insulating layer. A contacting member (14) laid through the insulating layer from one heating element (10) to the other heating element (11) is provided in such a manner that the heating elements (10, 11) are switched in series one behind the other.

Abstract: Disclosed are a resistive paste that can be fired in a neutral or reducing atmosphere to give a resistor having a high sheet resistivity value and a satisfactory TCR value even on low-temperature-sintering substrates, a resistive material composition that constitutes the resistive paste, and also a resistor that is formed from the resistive paste to realize a high sheet resistivity value and a satisfactory TCR value. A first resistive material of Ca.sub.x Sr.sub.1-x RuO.sub.3 (where x is from about 0.25 to 0.75 mols), a second resistive material of La.sub.y Sr.sub.1-y CoO.sub.3 (where y is from about 0.40 to 0.60 mols) and titanium oxide (TiO.sub.2) are mixed, and a non-reducible glass frit and an organic vehicle are added thereto to form the resistive paste.

Abstract: A multi-layer polysilicon resistor and a method by which the multi-layer polysilicon resistor is formed. A minimum of two polysilicon layers is formed upon an insulating layer, the insulating layer in turn being formed upon a semiconductor substrate. The first polysilicon layer is formed to a first thickness at a first deposition temperature. The second polysilicon layer is formed directly upon the first polysilicon layer. The second polysilicon layer is formed to a second thickness at a second deposition temperature. The two deposition temperatures are in the range of about 450 degrees centigrade to about 620 degrees centigrade, and the difference in temperature between the first deposition temperature and the second deposition temperature is a minimum of 10 degrees centigrade.

Abstract: An insulating substrate has a heat generating resistor and an electrical conductor on its surface. A pair of conductors, such as power or communication leads, are connected to a protected circuit. A rated voltage element and the heat generating resistor is connected in series between the lines. The electrical conductor is connected in series between one of the lines and the protected circuit. When a continuous overvoltage greater than a rated voltage of the rated voltage element develops in the lines, the rated voltage element acts to draw excess current through it and the heat generating resistor. When this current reaches a certain point, heat from the overcurrent in the heat generating resistor ruptures the substrate and the electrical conductor so that both the rated voltage element and the circuit are isolated from the conductors. This protects the protected circuit from destruction of, and consequent loss of protection by, the rated voltage element.

Abstract: An electric resistor has a resistor body arranged between two contract terminals. This resistor core includes an element with PTC behavior which, below a material-specific temperature, forms an electrically conducting path running between the two contact terminals. The resistor can be simple and inexpensive, but still have a high rate current-carrying capacity protected against local and overall overvoltages. This is achieved by the resistor core additionally containing a material having varistor behavior. The varistor material is connected in parallel with at least one subsection of the electrically conducting path, forming at least one varistor, and is brought into intimate electrical contact with the part of the PTC material forming the at least one subsection. The parallel connection of the element with PTC behavior and the varistor can be realized both by a microscopic construction and by a macroscopic arrangement.

Abstract: A Neuro device is a representation of a nerve cell constituting human brains, eyes and the like, that is, a neuron by an electronic circuit. A circuit of the Neuro device according to the present invention comprises n (n : natural number) input terminals 4, n variable resistors 8 (the resistance values of the n variable resistors 8 are respectively set to R1, R2,..., Rn) respectively connected to the input terminals 4, and an arithmetic circuit 100 to which signals from the variable resistors 8 are together applied, and an output terminal 5 to which a signal from the arithmetic circuit 100 is outputted. The variable resistor 8 is so constructed that a chalcogenide semiconductor is interposed between a pair of electrodes. The chalcogenide semiconductor can be reversibly transferred to a high resistive amorphous state and a low resistive crystallized state by applying a predetermined write voltage.

Abstract: An electrical device in which a first connection element is in electrical contact with a resistive element. The first connection element defines a cavity into which, when the cavity is empty, a second connection element can be inserted. The second connection element, which may be connected to a source of electrical power, is partially within the cavity, makes physical and electrical contact with the first connection element, and protrudes from the cavity. Such devices can be made in a continuous process by a method of the invention. They are particularly suitable for insertion into a circuit board.

Abstract: An electrical external resistor with a plate-like, electrical insulating carrier element and a flat resistance element arranged on the upper side of the carrier element. The carrier element has several films forming a closed coating and varying in their electrical conductivity. The films arranged on the upper side and on the lower side of the carrier element consist of cermet, and the film covering the edge area of the carrier element consists of an electrically insulating material. By means of springs or a pressure distribution plate, the resistance element is pressed against the upper cermet film of the carrier element. The interior space of the housing is filled with a casting compound made of addition cross-linking two-component silicon caoutchouc (rubber). The electrical external resistance is discharge-free.

Abstract: A circuit protection device designed to protect a pair of electrical circuits by fracturing at such time as an overcurrent condition has occurred in a first of the circuits, this novel device comprising a substantially flat substrate of non-conductive, frangible material upon which a resistive component and a fuse conductor reside in an adjacent relationship on a common surface. The resistive component is part of a first circuit, and the fuse conductor is part of a second circuit. The resistive component, at the time of an overcurrent therethrough, becomes hot and causes a heating of the near surface of the frangible substrate.

Abstract: An adjustable electrical load bank which comprises an upper and lower horizontal, electrically conducting plates mounted parallel to each other on a frame and both electrically insulated from this frame. The lower plate is fixedly mounted on the frame while the upper plate is movably connected thereto through four spring devices. Three vertical piles of disk-shaped carbon elements are disposed between the two horizontal plates and each have an electrical resistance between their respective upper and lower ends which varies with pressure applied thereon. An upper and lower pistons separated by an helicoidal spring are disposed in a vertical cylinder mounted on the frame. The upper piston is associated with a manually operated cam while the lower piston is fixedly connected to the upper plate. Upon operation of the cam, the helicoidal spring produces a force acting against a force generated by the four spring devices for applying pressure on the piles.

Abstract: An electrical high-voltage apparatus wherein a plurality of resistor disks are arranged along and carried by a shaft and wherein a centering body is also arranged along the region of the shaft carrying the resistor disks. The centering body comprises first and second members which are movable relative to one another, and at least one of which has actuating edges. The centering body is further provided with several radially outward-pointing support elements which are distributed over the circumference of the body and which have radial inner chamfers which cooperate with the corresponding actuating edges of the one member.

Abstract: A high voltage gas insulated circuit breaker in which a resistance shunts the main interrupter contacts to control the magnitude of the surge voltage experienced when the interrupter is closing. The resistance includes a resistor switch comprising a plurality of stacks of resistor segments connected in parallel. The smaller surface area of the segments tends to resist cracking due to mechanical thermal stresses and provides a higher resistivity thereby being capable of withstanding more voltage. The parallel stacks of resistor segments provides for a more compact resistor switch without sacrificing the basic operational requirement.