Abstract: A temperature sensor includes a main body having a peripheral surface that extends along an axis between ends of the main body. A plurality of support structures are arranged along the main body and project from the peripheral surface of the main body transversely to the axis. A sleeve has a cavity defined by one or more sidewalls extending between first and second ends. The main body of the temperature sensor is positioned within the cavity. A platinum member having a length that extends along the main body is supported by a set of support structures of the plurality of support structures. In some cases, a seal member extends between the one or more sidewalls at the first end of the sleeve and seals the main body and the platinum member within the cavity. Measurement terminals may extend from the platinum member to an exterior of the temperature sensor.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing an apparatus for determining and/or monitoring temperature of a medium comprising method steps as follows: arranging a sensor element in a sensor head, producing a vacuum in an internal volume of the sensor head, introducing at least one fill material into at least a portion of the internal volume of the sensor head, and closing the sensor head. The present invention relates, moreover, to a correspondingly manufactured apparatus.

Abstract: A method involving generating a pixel map of a digital image, scanning the pixel map and labeling a found red pixel, where each row of the pixel map is scanned for a red pixel, where a coordinate of each labeled red pixel is stored and compared to surrounding red pixels, arranging found labeled red pixels with previously found labeled red pixels that have a corresponding y-axis coordinate thereby creating a contiguous group, determining if the contiguous group is a red-eye artifact, and creating a list of coordinates that denote red-eye artifacts within the digital image.

Abstract: A heating apparatus including a housing defining a volume of air therein having an inlet and an outlet aperture. The heating apparatus also includes a heat generator having an elongate tubular metal sheath extending between an inner end and an outer end, a resistive wire within the sheath, and a substantially nonconducting material for electrically isolating the sheath relative to the resistive wire. The heat generator includes a terminal portion at the inner end and a heating portion extending between the terminal portion and the outer end of the sheath. The terminal portion is adapted for connection to a source of electrical power. Also, the heating portion of the heat generator is positioned in the housing to heat the volume of air. The heating apparatus also includes one or more insulators for electrically isolating the sheath relative to the housing.

Abstract: A ceramic component includes a ceramic body, electrodes applied to the ceramic body, electrical connectors that connect the electrodes with one or both of an external circuit and a voltage source, a substance that connects the electrical connectors to the electrodes, and a casing that covers the electrodes at least partly. The substance is cured and electrically conductive, and contains a precious metal that is not silver.

Abstract: A laminated chip varistor has a varistor element including at least one varistor layer and at least two inner electrodes which are laminated alternatively, and outer most layers comprising the same material as the varistor layer; and terminal electrodes electrically connected to the inner electrodes each formed at each of the both edge portions of the varistor element; wherein a surface roughness (R) of the varistor element is in the range of 0.60 to 0.90 .mu.m.

Abstract: The film-type electrical power resistor includes a flat ceramic chip on the upper surface of which is screen-printed a resistive film. Terminals (leads) are mechanically and electrically connected to the upper chip surface, the terminals being such that the chip may be positioned by the terminals in a predetermined position in a mold cavity during manufacture of the resistor--prior to introduction of synthetic resin. The synthetic resin forms a molded electrically insulating body that embeds the portions of the terminals that are relatively near the chip, and also embeds the upper portion of the chip, but does not embed the bottom surface of the chip. The relationships are such that the lower chip surface may be engaged flatwise with a flat region of a chassis or heatsink. Accordingly, the chip is a substrate for the film, a heatsink for the film, an insulator maintaining the film electrically insulated from the chassis, and a spacer maintaining the terminals spaced from the chassis.

Abstract: A solenoid having an armature movable with respect to a stator from a rest position to an energized position when a coil is energized. Two return devices, for instance helical compression springs, urge the armature to return to the rest position. Two slidable sleeves are provided between stator and the armature. Ingress of dirt into the armature may jam either sleeve with respect to the stator or the armature without jamming the solenoid, since the other return devices/sleeve combination will still permit movement of the armature.

Abstract: Respective first end portions of first and second internal electrodes are exposed at respective end surfaces of a varistor body, which is in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped. These end surfaces of the varistor body are covered with low resistance parts which include ceramic material in order to prevent the internal electrodes from decomposition. External electrodes are formed on the low resistance parts, so as, to be electrically connected with corresponding ones of the internal electrodes through the low resistance parts.

Abstract: An electric heating device is disclosed which comprises a generally tubular sheath, an elongated coil of electrical resistance heating wire passing through a portion of the sheath, and a metal terminal at each end of the sheath. The interior of the sheath is filled with a granular heat conducting, electrically insulating material, and the sheath is sealed at at least one end with a thermoplastic material having a melting temperature in the range of the temperature of the terminal when the heating device is in heated condition. The thermoplastic material must be substantially permeable to gases while melted and substantially impermeable to gases while solid. The use of such a seal enables the heating element to consume oxygen in a normal manner while hot, but will prevent the entry of moisture into the element while the element is cool and the seal is in a solid condition.

Abstract: A cartridge heater, wherein the terminal lead pins which project from the terminal end of the heater at the outer surface of the electrical insulating end plug, are substantially reduced in length and provided with at least one flat planar surface on what was originally the cylindrical surface of each lead pin. The terminal ends of the external flexible lead wires are then fused to the flat surfaces on each of the lead pins by means of brazing, soldering or welding. An end adapter unit having two longitudinal bores is then threaded up over the two flexible lead wires until the outer casing, which encloses an electrical insulating core having the two circular bores for the flexible wires, is telescoped over the terminal end of the cannister which encloses the cartridge heater.

Abstract: An end piece (1) for a tubular heater (2) has an insulator (10) traversed from the end portion (8) by its connecting member (6) in a passage (16) and substantially completely closing the associated end portion (7) of tube casing (3) and on whose end face (19) remote from the tubular heater (2) is provided a separate metal connecting piece (20) welded to the associated end face of connecting member (6) by a welding head (33). Connecting piece (20) forms one or more freely projecting elements (25) for direct connection to electrical leads. Thus, end piece (1) is positively secured with respect to the tubular heater (2) and is suitable for an easy electrical connection, which can be released at any time.

Abstract: A detecting element for determining a parameter, including an electrically resistive body formed on a surface of a support, a conductor electrically connected to the resistive body, and a bonding member for securing the conductor to the support. The bonding member has a low-conductivity portion having a lower thermal conductivity than a remainder thereof, to minimize heat transfer from the resistive body to the conductor via the bonding member.

Abstract: A high-voltage cylindrical film-type resistor has cup-shaped end caps that receive the ends of the cylindrical substrate, each end cap having a convexly-radiused rim that has a radius of at least 1.5 mils in a plane containing the substrate axis. In accordance with the method, the stated radius is achieved by abrading, preferably tumbling.

Abstract: An improved copper sheathed heating element for installation in appliances, such as electric kettles, includes a minor amount of a silicone water-proofing agent admixed with magnesium oxide filler agent prior to the element being annealed. Annealing of the element is carried out at a reduced annealing temperature over an extended duration in order to limit thermal degradation of the additive during the annealing process. The resulting element achieves sufficient ductility for purposes of formation as a kettle heating element, while the insulation value of the element over an extended shelf life is maintained without significant degradation. Preferably, the silicone agent comprises polydimethylsiloxane and is present in the range 0.1 to 0.15 percent by weight.

Abstract: A heat sensitive electrical component is hermetically sealed within a glass sleeve by focusing a laser beam on the circumferential ends of the glass sleeve which abut the side wall edges of metal end caps on each opposed end of said component. The glass sleeve absorbs sufficient heat from the focused laser beam to avoid damage to the heat sensitive component.

Abstract: This invention relates to a sheathed resistance heater which comprises a metal pipe (3), a heating wire (2) received in the metal pipe, and an electrically insulating powder (4) filled in the pipe and also to a method for fabricating same. The electrically insulating powder (4) contains 0.1-10 wt % of the specific type of an oxide by which the heater has a prolonged life because the oxide serves to suppress the metallic component of the heating wire (2) from evaporating, and its insulation resistance under self-heating conditions can be prevented from lowering. The heater has wide utility in both domestic and industrial fields.

Abstract: This invention relates to a sheathed resistance heater which comprises a heating wire (2) received in a metallic pipe 3 and electrically insulating powder (4) packed in the pipe. A metallic powder of the specific type is added to the electrically insulating powder (4), by which the heating wire (2) has a prolonged life by suppressing metal components in the wire from evaporating, the heater being widely applicable for domestic and industrial purposes.

Abstract: A suction-type desoldering device includes an elongated tubular heater assembly secured to the forward end of a hollow handle by a radial flange on the assembly. A removable solder collecting chamber adapted to have a vacuum created therein is disposed within the handle and has an open end connected in solder flow communication with the heater assembly by means of a compressible sealing member disposed between the flange and the open end of the chamber. The heater assembly includes a tubular sleeve secured to and extending through the flange adjacent the seal. A tubular support having a length of electric resistance heating wire wrapped therearound is mounted coaxially within and spaced from the tubular sleeve and has one end thereof extending freely into the collection chamber and the other end thereof receiving a removable tubular desoldering tip.

Abstract: A fuel tank is provided with an electric immersion heating element assembly directly immersible in the fuel within the tank and resting on the curved tank bottom. The assembly includes an elongated, cylindrically shaped, solid aluminum heater body having a longitudinally extending cavity in each end thereof closed by a resilient plastic end cap of larger diameter than the body and secured thereto by a snap fit rib and groove connection. One of the cavities has an inward axial extension in which is received an electric heating element with one end of the heating element electrically connected to the body at the inner end of the extension. An adjustable thermostatic switch is located in the other cavity and is electrically connected in series with the other end of the heating element and with one wire of a flexible power supply conduit extending in sealed relation through the end cap closing the other cavity.

Abstract: A self-regulating electric heater includes a casing made of ceramic and a heating unit housed in the casing. The heating unit includes a PTC body for generating heat when electric current is supplied, heat dissipating plates essentially made of brass and coupled to the PTC body in such a manner as to sandwich the PTC body between the heat dissipating plates and terminals connected to each of the heat dissipating plates for the external electrical connection. The self-regulating electric heater further includes lid member and sealing member for sealing the casing hermetically.

Abstract: An electrical heater comprising a heating element, a sheath surrounding the heating element and spaced therefrom, the sheath having an end spaced from an end of the heating element, electrical insulation between the heating element and the sheath, an internal lead pin electrically connected to the heating element and extending toward the end of the sheath, an electrically insulating end plug within said sheath at the end thereof and an external lead having an inner terminal. The insulating end plug has an opening in its inner face into which the end of the pin is received, and a hole in its outer face having its centerline offset from the centerline of the pin but laterally bounded in part by a lateral surface of the pin, the hole in the end plug receiving the inner terminal of an external lead.

Abstract: Electrical resistance heating element comprising at least one heating conductor in the form of an element which is provided at opposite surfaces with an electrical contacting means and is made of a material having a positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistance (PTC element), and further comprising two substantially plane contact plates, the contact plates being held together with the PTC element interposed between them to form a single unit acting as a contact arrangement, and a sleeve of electrically insulating, heat conductive material having an inner space whose internal cross-section is adapted to the cross-section of the contact arrangement, the contact arrangement being inserted into the inner space in the sleeve under a pressure perpendicular to the plane of the contact plates. The sleeve consists of elastomeric material.

Abstract: An elongate, electric resistance heater having a tubular case, a plug in and spaced from one end of the case and elongate, flexible jacketed power lines extending through the plug and axially outward from said end of the case, an elongate, tubular, flexible braided metal sheath about the lines and coupling means coupling said end of the case and the end portion of the sheath adjacent thereto, said coupling means including elongate concentric inner and outer tube parts arranged with said end portion of the sheath held tight therebetween, a radially outwardly projecting flange on one of said parts arranged within said end portion of the case adjacent said plugs and retaining means at said end of the case axially outward of the flange and holding the flange and its related parts and sheath against axial outward displacement in the case and relative to the lines.

Abstract: A method of constructing a self-regulating electric heater particularly useful for heating compressor lubricant and the like is disclosed in which a cylindrical body of electrically insulative ceramic is formed with an axially extending generally parallelepiped shaped slot in communication with an end of the body. A positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTC) resistor, configured slightly smaller and complementary with the slot, is disposed therein. Axially extending grooves are formed in two opposed parallel walls of the body which, with two other cooperating walls, define the slot. The grooves are located on opposite sides of an axial plane perpendicular to the opposed walls. A platform is formed in each groove to serve as a stop surface to limit the insertion of spring biased terminals which are inserted in the grooves to provide electrical connection with the PTC resistor.

Abstract: A device for inclusion in the ignition current circuit of internal combustion engines in which a body of electrically conductive, irregularly shaped metal granules forms a flowpath in the form of a labyrinth between a pair of end terminals. Compaction pressure and, preferably, inclusion of non-electrically conductive granules is employed to adjust the direct current conductivity of the body of granules.

Abstract: A method of end-to-end connection single- or multi-conductor electric cables having compressed mineral insulation and apparatus for end-to-end connection. The conductive metal sheath and the mineral insulation which covers the conductor(s) are removed along a short length at each cable end, a metal sleeve is fitted on the ends of the conductors, opposite each other, the sleeve is crimped on the ends of the conductors, a ring made of the same metal is fitted on each cable end, then a cylindrical connection sleeve with thin ends is fitted over the rings, then the ends of the cylindrical connection sleeve are crimped on the rings and on the ends of the cables.

Abstract: A heater assembly for a container such as a cooking vessel includes a heating coil in a tubular heater casing, with a connecting pin member connected to the heating coil and projecting through an insulating sleeve mounted to the end of the casing. A plug connecting pin is mounted to the part of the pin member projecting from the insulating sleeve. The end of the casing is butted directly against the insulating sleeve, and a casting material is cast around parts of the plug pin, the casing and the insulating sleeve to form an assembly thereof.

Abstract: A self-regulating electric heater particularly useful for heating compressor lubricant and the like is disclosed in which a cylindrical body of electrically insulative ceramic is formed with an axially extending generally parallelepiped shaped slot in communication with an end of the body. A positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTC) resistor, configured slightly smaller and complementary with the slot, is disposed therein. Axially extending grooves are formed in two opposed parallel walls of the body which, with two other cooperating walls, define the slot. The grooves are located on opposite sides of an axial plane perpendicular to the opposed walls. A platform is formed in each groove to serve as a stop surface to limit the insertion of spring biased terminals which are inserted in the grooves to provide electrical connection with the PTC resistor.

Abstract: A connector for terminating the end of a sheathed heating element is formed by an elongated body having a cavity at one end. The cavity includes at least one surface having a diameter dimension adapted to slidingly engage one of the diameter surfaces of the heating element sheath, and a thrubore, concentrically located with respect to the cavity diameter, adapted to slidingly engage the terminal pin of the heating element. The connector will mate with a heating element if and only if the heating element terminal pin is properly located with respect to the heating element sheath.

Abstract: An electric heating element of the type having a metal tubular sheath, a resistance conductor within the sheath, a terminal pin connected to an end of the resistance conductor and having an outer end projecting outwardly of the open end of the sheath, electric-insulating, heat-conducting material holding the resistance conductor and terminal pin spaced from the inner surface of the sheath; the improvement comprising a spade-type terminal on the outer end of the terminal pin, the spade-type terminal being formed as an integral part of the terminal pin by a coining die operation.

Abstract: A terminal end seal for a metal-sheathed electric immersion water heating element of a water heating tank includes a plastic sealing plug disposed within a pocket at the end of the sheath in surrounding relationship to the terminal pin and locked in sealing engagement with the sheath by inward deformation of the sheath. An electrically insulative vulcanized fibre washer is disposed in the pocket inwardly of the plug in engagement with the terminal pin and inner surface of the sheath. Without the fibre washer, it would be possible under abnormal conditions for the plastic sealing plug to fail and the sheath portion immersed within the water in the tank to fracture, allowing water to enter the sheath and flow outwardly of the then-open sheath end to cause damage. However, the fibre washer intercepts such water and swells to form a tight seal to restrict flow of water outwardly of the sheath.

Abstract: A lacquer-encapsulated carbon film resistor having a ceramic substrate coated with a carbon film, a silicon nitride layer, an organic lacquer layer and termination electrodes.

Abstract: A component and method for applying end caps thereto is provided. A wire extends within a body defining a body sidewall and oppositely facing body ends with opposite end portions of the wire extending outwardly beyond the body ends and bent over so that they lie adjacent to each end of the body. Two end caps are provided, each having a cylindrical first portion and a cylindrical second portion with a diameter less than the first portion and joined to the first portion by an annular shoulder. The cylindrical second portion has an end wall so that the second portion defines a chamber. A solder and flux mixture is deposited in the chambers of the end caps which are then each applied to an end portion of the body with the cylindrical first portion compressively embracing the sidewall of the body adjacent one end thereof. The shoulder of the end cap bears against the body end to maintain the end wall of the cap at a predetermined distance from the body end and thereby prevent severance of the wire end portion.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a passive hermetically sealed electronic component having a coupling element of soft alloy material between the component element and the leads for providing strain relief. The component element is composed of a passive element having coated ends composed of a refractory metallic material for providing reliable electrical and mechanical connection to the coupling element.

Abstract: A laminated electrically heatable window has a transparent electrically conductive layer embedded in the window to act as a sheet resistor, and conductive bus bars embedded in the window in contact with the resistive layer. A portion of each bus bar extends outside an edge of the window to a terminal connection for making electrical contact with a harness cable leading to an electric current source such as an automobile alternator. Each terminal connection comprises separate electrical contacts on the ends of the bus bar and the cable harness for forming a cooperating pin and socket connection normal to the bus bar. The electrical contacts are pressure fitted together and hermetically sealed from end-to-end in an electrically insulating, protective sleeve.

Abstract: A high efficiency, self-regulating temperature-controlling fluid sump heater for external mount or internal well use comprising a D-shaped thermally conductive housing having a chamber therein and a plurality of heating elements in the chamber. The heating elements are self-heating, positive temperature coefficient (PTC) resistors having low initial resistance which increases abruptly as their temperature rises above a given level. The elements have first and second substantially parallel surfaces spaced one from another, these surfaces each having a layer of electrically conductive material applied thereto for forming on ohmic contact. The heater further comprises two heat sink plates of thermally and electrically conductive material, the plates being positioned to engage the first and second surfaces of the elements and to extend nearly the whole length of the housing with one plate adjacent the flat wall of the D-shaped housing.

Abstract: A varistor has a cylindrical core made of a sintered varistor material which includes a longitudinal opening between the core ends. A pair of terminating layers are applied to the core, each adhering to one of the ends of the core and being in electrical contact with a lead wire inserted into the longitudinal opening. An electrode film is applied to the outer longitudinal surface of the core with each end in communication with one of the terminating layers. The electrode film is divided between the terminating layers into a pair of electrode portions by a gap which is dimensioned to predetermine the electrical properties of the varistor.

Abstract: There is provided a resistance element comprising a cylindrical carrier body, a rectangular bore therein in the direction of the longitudinal axis, a ceramic plate within said bore and securely bound to a flat wall of said carrier body, a thin layer platinum-resistor path with a temperature dependent electrical resistance firmly adhering to the surface of the ceramic plate opposite to that bound to said carrier body, electrical lead wires connected to said resistor path, said lead wires being secured to at least one end of said carrier body by an electrically nonconducting sealing composition and said lead wires passing through said sealing composition to the outside.

Abstract: A thick film varistor comprises a varistor film sandwiched between a pair of electrodes, one of which is in contact with a cylindrical substrate. Alternatively, the electrodes may be positioned on the same surface of the film--either in contact with the substrate or the surface of the film opposite the substrate. The preferred method of manufacture involves applying a terminating layer to each end of the substrate, forming the varistor film and the electrodes on the substrate in the desired configuration, attaching a lead wire to each end of the substrate in electrical contact with an adjacent terminating layer, and enclosing the varistor film within a conformal coating.

Abstract: An electric resistance heating element, comprising at least two elongated dielectric bodies, each having a plurality of openings extending longitudinally thereon in radially displaced, parallel relation. Three metal pins fit into openings in the dielectric bodies and at least certain maintain the latter in longitudinally aligned relation. A resistance wire is wound on each of the bodies, each wire having longitudinally spaced terminals. One of the terminals of each resistance wire is electrically connected to one pin; the opposite terminal of one resistance wire is electrically connected to a second pin; and the opposite terminal of the other resistance wire is electrically connected to the third pin, whereby the one pin serves as a common electrical connection for both resistance wires, and the second and third pins serve as separate electrical connections to the respective resistance wires, whereby separate electrical circuits may be established within the heating element.

Abstract: An electric heating element, particularly of the cartridge type, comprising two elongated dielectric cores disposed within a metallic sheath. Each core has a plurality of longitudinally extending openings therein and more particularly one core has three longitudinal openings whereas the other has two openings. A resistance wire coil is wound on each of the cores, each coil having longitudinally spaced terminals. Three metal pins fit into predetermined core openings; one of the terminals of each resistance coil is electrically connected to one pin, the opposite terminal of one resistance coil is electrically connected to a second pin; and the opposite terminal of the other resistance coil is electrically connected to the third pin; whereby the one pin serves as a common electrical connection for both resistance coils, and the second and third pins serve as separate electrical connections to the respective resistance coils, whereby separate circuits may be established within the heating element.

Abstract: A sheath heater comprises a pipe having two open ends, a pair of electrical terminals connected to a heat radiant body in the pipe, a region of electrically insulating powder having a high melting point and loaded inside the pipe to fix the heat radiant body, and a sealing member for the open end having a glass compound layer formed by a molten glass permeating into the insulating powder region at the open end.

Abstract: A hermetically sealed fixed film resistor including a coupling element of soft alloy material between the resistive element and the leads for providing strain relief. The resistive element is composed of a resistive film having coated ends composed of a refractory metallic material for providing reliable electrical and mechanical connection to the coupling element.

Abstract: The present hermetically-sealed electrical resistor component assembly is composed of a sleeve of high-density, non-porous, non-hydroscopic material into which there is slip-fitted an electrical resistor component. Said electrical resistor component is sealed within said sleeve by a deposit of solder at each end of said sleeve whereat said solder clings to said sleeve, to the end cap of said resistor, and to the lead wire extending from said end cap. In some embodiments silicon rubber is employed as a gasket disposed along the end of said cap whereat it abuts said sleeve. In another embodiment, the entire package is encapsulated in a plastic material such as silicone-epoxy.

Abstract: Low-level "trickle" electric heater means in diverse forms prevents hygroscopic moisture accumulation adjacent relatively open or exposed ends of refractory-encased conventional electrical heating elements, thereby to prevent excessive leakage current through refractory otherwise potentially conductive with moisture buildup which may present a hazard at such time as the element is initially turned on.

Abstract: A self-regulating heater comprising a housing having a chamber therein and a heating element in the chamber. The heating element is a self-heating, positive temperature coefficient (PTC) resistor having low initial resistance which increases abruptly as its temperature rises above a given level. It has first and second substantially parallel surfaces spaced from one another, these surfaces each having a layer of electrically conductive material applied thereto for forming an ohmic contact surface. The heater further comprises a heat sink plate of thermally and electrically conductive material, the plate being positioned within the housing chamber so that one face of the plate is in heat-transfer relation with a first inside surface of the housing and so that the other side of the plate is in electrical contact and in heat transfer relationship with the first surface of the element.