Abstract: A current sense resistor and a method of manufacturing a current sensing resistor with temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) compensation are disclosed. The resistor has a resistive strip disposed between two conductive strips. A pair of main terminals and a pair of voltage sense terminals are formed in the conductive strips. A pair of rough TCR calibration slots is located between the main terminals and the voltage sense terminals, each of the rough TCR calibration slots have a depth selected to obtain a negative starting TCR value observed at the voltage sense terminals. A fine TCR calibration slot is formed between the pair of voltage sense terminals.

Abstract: A chip resistor includes a first electrode 1, a second electrode 2, a resistor portion 3, a first intermediate layer 4 connected to the first electrode 1 and the resistor portion 3, a second intermediate layer 5 connected to the second electrode 2 and the resistor portion 3, a coating film 61 covering the first electrode 1, and oxides existing in the first intermediate layer 4. The coating film 61 is made of a material having a higher absorptance of a laser beam of a predetermined wavelength than that of the material forming the first electrode 1. The oxides are oxides of the material forming the coating film 61.

Abstract: Thermally stable four-terminal resistor (current sensor) is characterized by having the capacity to adjust both resistance and temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR), during manufacturing process. The four-terminal resistor includes 3 or 4 elementary resistors R1-R3 forming a closed loop. Resistor R1 is the principal low-ohmic value resistor. The terminals of resistor R1 serve as “Force” terminals of the four-terminal resistor. Resistors R2, R3 form a voltage divider intended to minimize the TCR of the four-terminal resistor and connected in parallel to resistor R1. The terminals of resistor R3 serve as “Sense” terminals of the four-terminal resistor. Resistor R2 may be split into two resistors: R2a, R2b to simplify the implementation of four-terminal resistor. Elementary resistors R1, R2 must have the same sign of TCR. Target resistance and TCR minimization in four-terminal resistor are reached by adjustment of resistance of the elementary resistors.

Abstract: A method and device for measuring the soot load in the exhaust gas systems of diesel engines using a sensor which is mounted downstream of a particulate filter and comprises a sensor element, to measure the operability of the particulate filter. According to the method, the soot load of the sensor element is measured resistively or capacitively using electrodes. The measuring voltage of the sensor element is controlled depending on at least one actual operating parameter of the diesel engine.

Abstract: A metal strip resistor is provided with a resistive element disposed between a first termination and a second termination. The resistive element, first termination, and second termination form a substantially flat plate. A thermally conductive and electrically non-conductive thermal interface material such as a thermally conductive adhesive is disposed between the resistive element and first and second heat pads that are placed on top of the resistive element and adjacent to the first and second terminations, respectively.

Abstract: A resistor includes first and second opposite terminations, a resistive element formed from a plurality of resistive element segments between the first and second opposite terminations, at least one segmenting conductive strip separating two of the resistive element segments, and at least one open area between the first and second opposite terminations and separating at least two resistive element segments. Separation of the plurality of resistive element segments assists in spreading heat throughout the resistor. The resistor or other electronic component may be packaged by bonding to a heat sink tab with a thermally conductive and electrically insulative material. The resistive element may be a metal strip, a foil, or film material.

Abstract: A resistor includes first and second opposite terminations, a resistive element formed from a plurality of resistive element segments between the first and second opposite terminations, at least one segmenting conductive strip separating two of the resistive element segments, and at least one open area between the first and second opposite terminations and separating at least two resistive element segments. Separation of the plurality of resistive element segments assists in spreading heat throughout the resistor. The resistor or other electronic component may be packaged by bonding to a heat sink tab with a thermally conductive and electrically insulative material. The resistive element may be a metal strip, a foil, or film material.

Abstract: A first circuit which is constituted by a thin film resistor is connected between the collector of a transistor and a power supply terminal, and a second circuit which is constituted by a semiconductor resistor is connected between the emitter of the transistor and a grounding terminal. The film thickness of a thin film resistor is set to not more than its skin depth at a frequency to be compensated for.

Abstract: A strip conductor comprises a first layer with at least one curved section. At least one region of the curved section provided with an additional layer having a smaller resistivity than the first layer. The at least one region is constructed such that resistance on tracks of different radii of curvature is approximately equalized.

Abstract: A surface mount resistor is formed from an elongated resistive body having first and second terminal ends and a raised center portion formed therebetween. The raised center portion includes slots in its edges which form a serpentine current path through the raised center portion of the resistor. A dielectric surrounds and encapsulates the raised center portion and an electrically conductive material coats the first and second terminal ends. The method for manufacturing involves utilizing an elongated ribbon which is of unitary construction and which is formed to create a carrier strip and a raised center portion for the resistors ultimately to be formed.

Abstract: A high voltage low inductance resistor (120) includes a resistor body (122) having a perimeter and a center. A first terminal (126) is located away from the center of the resistor near the perimeter of the body (122). A serpentine resistance element (130) includes a first end (136). A conductive ring (124) is located near the perimeter and circumscribes the serpentine resistance element (130). The ring (124) is electrically connected to the first terminal (126). The first end (136) is electrically connected to the conductive ring (124). A first resistance segment (138a) of the resistance element (130) begins at the first end (136) and extends in a first direction generally around the perimeter of the body (122). An apex (142a) has an input portion (143) and an output portion (145). The apex (142a) redirects the resistance element in a generally opposite direction, the input portion (143) transitioning into the first resistance segment (138a).

Abstract: A surface mount resistor includes an elongated piece of resistive material having strips of conductive material attached to its opposite ends. The strips of conductive material are separated to create an exposed central portion of the resistive material therebetween. According to the method the resistive strip is attached to a single co-extensive strip of conductive material and a central portion of the conductive material is removed to create the exposed central portion of the resistive strip.

Abstract: The resistive current limiter contains an electrically insulating support body and at least one conductor track structure arranged thereon and having a conductor track made of high-Tc superconductor material. The conductor track has straight and curved conductor track segments. A maximum radii ratio v of 7 (v=ra/ri where ra=external radius, ri=internal radius) is to be maintained for the curved conductor track segments. The conductor track is advantageously patterned from a layer which is made of the high-Tc superconductor material and is applied on the support body.

Abstract: A surface mount resistor includes an elongated piece of resistive material having strips of conductive material attached to its opposite ends. The strips of conductive material are separated to create an exposed central portion of the resistive material therebetween. According to the method the resistive strip is attached to a single co extensive strip of conductive material and a central portion of the conductive material is removed to create the exposed central portion of the resistive strip.

Abstract: An electric heating device includes a flexible resistor ribbon, a plurality of sections of electroconductive coating attached to the resistor ribbon at preset intervals, and connector contacts coupled to the resistor ribbon for enabling connection of a power source to the resistor ribbon. The resistor ribbon has a high specific impedance. The flexible resistor ribbon is attached to a rigid or flexible flat base panel for incorporation into a building as a floor, wall or ceiling panel. Layers of electric insulation are attached to the base so as to sandwich the flexible resistor ribbon. Where the resistor ribbon is bent back on itself, for example, to form a snaking configuration, a strip of two-sided adhesive tape is attached to the layers of electric insulation and to the ribbon at multiple spaced points.

Abstract: An FBT (fly-back transformer), its bleeder resistor (installed on the top of the FBT), and a device for coupling the bleeder resistor are disclosed. The bleeder resistor 100 is accommodated within a resistor case 180, and the resistor case 180 is installed on the top of an FBT case 110. A resistor pattern 140 is printed on the substrate 130 of the bleeder resistor 100. Openings 150 are formed within the wavy portions of the resistor pattern 140, and the resistor case 180 has a plurality of isolating sheets 160 within its interior 170, so that the isolating sheets 160 can be inserted into the openings 150. When manufacturing the bleeder resistor, the glass coating, the baking, the epoxy resin dipping are eliminated, but the voltage breakdown resisting property is improved. Further, the manufacturing cost is lowered owing to the simplification of the process.

Abstract: An infrared radiating panel includes a wall made from ceramic fiber material. An electric heating element is adapted for connection to an electric current source for heating the element to a high temperature at which it will emit infrared radiation is fastened to the wall with the aid of staples. The heating element is mounted in spaced relationship with the surface of the wall and is retained between pairs of ceramic rods that engage opposite faces of the heating element.

Abstract: An FBT (fly-back transformer), its bleeder resistor (installed on the top of the FBT), and a device for coupling the bleeder resistor are disclosed. The bleeder resistor 100 is accommodated within a resistor case 180, and the resistor case 180 is installed on the top of an FBT case 110. A resistor pattern 140 is printed on the substrate 130 of the bleeder resistor 100. Openings 150 are formed within the wavy portions of the resistor pattern 140, and the resistor case 180 has a plurality of isolating sheets 160 within its interior 170, so that the isolating sheets 160 can be inserted into the openings 150. When manufacturing the bleeder resistor, the glass coating, the baking, the epoxy resin dipping are eliminated, but the voltage breakdown resisting property is improved. Further, the manufacturing cost is lowered owing to the simplification of the process.

Abstract: A serpentine etched foil heater has a segmented serpentine conductor group made up of a plurality of spaced-apart elongated serpentine conductive strips that are connected in parallel and are everywhere aligned with each other. Advantageously, central conductive strips are wider than are conductive strips along the edges. Further advantageously, the conductive strips are bridged by conductive regions that extend along lines of constant voltage. This makes it possible to handle the heater element without causing it to become tangled. The heater is especially suitable for low voltage applications.

Abstract: A surface mount resistor is formed by joining three strips of material together in edge to edge relation. The upper and lower strips are formed from copper and the center strip is formed from an electrically resistive material. The resistive material is coated with epoxy, and the upper and lower strips are coated with tin or solder. The strips may be moved in a continuous path and cut, calibrated, and separated for forming a plurality of electrical resistors.

Abstract: A resistor of SMD (Surface Mounted Device) construction includes a film of a resistive alloy as a resistive track on two electrically separated carrier plate elements of copper, which are constructed as contact elements solderable to the terminals of a printed circuit board to thereby ensure good heat dissipation into a printed circuit board. In order to manufacture such resistors, a resistive film sufficient for a plurality of individual resistors is adhered to but electrically isolated from a large copper plate and the laminate formed thereby is split into the individual resistors after producing the individual resistive tracks and their electrical connections to the copper plate and after producing gaps between the plate elements for each track.

Abstract: A rapid temperature sensor formed of a metal from the platinum group is provided. The rapid temperature sensor includes a substrate over which a platinum resistive layer is provided. A double layer, forming a passivation layer, is provided over the platinum resistive layer to prevent oxidation. The double layer includes a ceramic layer and a glass layer. The double layer prevents oxygen from reaching the platinum resistive layer even at temperatures up to 1,000.degree. C.

Abstract: A resistor having a novel physical geometry is provided. The physical geometry of the resistor minimizes the current paths through the resistor such that the reactance components of the resistor is minimized for radio frequency operation. The resistor is made from a resistive material such as chrome silicon oxide, nichrome. The physical geometry of the resistor layout reduces the physical area occupied by the resistor, and also results in lower sensitivity to a DC trimming procedure used in the manufacturing process.

Abstract: To provide a chip resistor with small variation of ESD required when in automobile use, a chip resistor containing(1) insulating substrate,(2) a pair of terminations disposed over said substrate,(3) resistor layer of thick film resistor composition comprising a mixture of finely divided of conductive component and glass binder,wherein said resistor layer being disposed and patterned on the surface of said substrate by printing and firing to form continuous conductive path comprising divided sections connecting to each of said termination, and divided section angled in its longitudinal direction from the direction of current flow in said respective 4 sections connected to said terminations being insulated and separated from one another by underlaying substrata resulting into considerably longer resistor geometry than distance between said terminations.

Abstract: A liquid-cooled high-load resistor includes an element carrier having an inlet and an outlet, a break-through and a first and second electrical terminal connection, and one resistor element, respectively, on its flat sides. The active parts of the resistor elements are electrically connected in series by means of the break-through in the element carrier and are electroconductively connected to an electrical terminal connection of the element carrier. The liquid-cooled high-load resistor further includes two covers that each cover a flat side of the element carrier, to form an enclosed space between the cover and the flat side of the element carrier. The enclosed space is subdivided so as to provide a free space in the area of the inlet, the outlet, and the break-through, and to provide a cooling channel that embeds the active part of the resistor element.

Abstract: A thermal type flow rate sensor comprising a sensor chip having a rectangular shape. The sensor chip is supported between supporting pins through ribbon-like leads connected to opposite ends of the sensor chip. The ribbon-like leads serve to correctly locate the surface of the sensor chip with respect to flow of fluid. The surfaces of the sensor chip is formed with a thin film heater. A heater portion of the thin film heater comprises a plurality of straight portions and a plurality of turn portions connecting the straight portions to each other. Each turn portion is formed in a smoothly curved shape to avoid the concentration of electric currents and is disposed at an end portion of the sensor chip which has a comparatively low temperature. This structure is effective in preventing generation of cracks in the turn portions. In addition, the plurality of straight portions are alternatively inclined to effectively utilize the surface of the sensor chip to form a long heating portion.

Abstract: A bulk metal chip resistor includes an elongated resistor element having terminals at its opposite ends. The terminals are formed by coating the opposite ends of the resistor element with a conductive material. Insulative material may be molded around the center portion of the resistor to provide structural support, and the ends of the resistor can be bent downwardly so as to cause the central portion to be raised when the resistor is mounted on a circuit board. A modified form of the invention includes wrapping the resistance element around the ends of a rectangular substrate so that the substrate provides structural support. Another modified form includes placing four terminals at the four corners of the resistor element.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a chip-type network resistor characterized in that resistance layers are formed between a common electrode extending across an insulative substrate and each of a plurality of separate electrodes disposed in the opposite sides of the insulative substrate used to support the common electrode, and overcoat layers are provided to cover the resistance layers and positioned to expose the common electrode, whereby the plating process is applied to the common electrode and the separate electrodes.

Abstract: A protection arrangement for a high voltage tube includes a low inductance disk resistor connected in series with the anode of the tube. When an electrical discharge occurs within the tube, the increased anode current flows through the resistor which absorbs much of the potentially harmful energy surge. The resistor is a disk resistor having two counter-wound planar spirals of resistance wire electrically connected in parallel and counter-wound with respect to one another. Connection arrangements are provided to both electrically and mechanically connect the resistor to the high voltage tube.

Abstract: A surface mountable, high current resistor (20) is formed generally in the shape of an inverted "U". The top portion (22) of the inverted "U" is flat and contains one or more openings (26, 27) that serve to alter the resistivity of the resistor. The openings are formed so as to be inverted mirror images of each other, thereby cancelling inductive effects introduced by the openings. The ends of the "U" are formed into two or more legs (24) that serve to provide stability and a mounting area for soldering the resistor to a printed circuit board. A flat, unbroken portion (28) in the center of the resistor serves as a convenient area to handle the resistor with a vacuum tool during printed circuit assembly.

Abstract: A resistor element for determining a parameter, including a planar ceramic substrate having a bearing surface and at least one aperture formed through the thickness thereof, an electrically resistive metallic layer which is substantially formed on the bearing surface of the ceramic substrate and has at least one extension which covers an inner wall surface of the above-indicated at least one aperture, a pair of conductors for connecting the resistive metallic layer to an external circuit, at least one of the pair of conductors being inserted into a corresponding one of the above-indicated at least one aperture of the ceramic substrate, and an electrically conductive adhesive at least partially filling each of the above-indicated at least one aperture, for securing an end portion of the corresponding one of the pair of conductors to the ceramic substrate, the electrically conductive adhesive electrically connecting the above-indicated at least one conductor to the above-indicated at least one extension of the

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp having a thick film resistor comprising a plurality of resistive elements. A first resistive element is included in a starting circuit for the lamp and a second resistive element is in series with the arc tube during lamp operation for flicker elimination. The integral thick film resistor facilitates mounting and connection of the resistor elements within the lamp envelope.

Abstract: A resistor element includes a substrate, end pieces, a resistor layer applied to the substrate, a resistor array formed by cutting the resistor layer, and the resistor array having a resistance with a set-point value between the end pieces. A method for producing the resistor element includes cutting apart the resistor layer according to a predetermined cut structure. The resistor array is formed between the end pieces on the substrate in the form of at least one resistor track having a substantially constant width and constant cross section. The cut structure is shaped with two comb-like individual structures each having a main cut and a plurality of secondary cuts originating at the main cut and extending to a respective side. The secondary cuts of the individual structures are intermeshed with one another and the individual structures are spaced apart form one another. The resistance of the resistor array is set below the set-point value.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a heating element from a flat metal foil blank in which strips (1) are formed whose ends (2) are interconnected by connecting portions (3, 4) with alternate connecting portions disposed at opposite ends of the strips so as to form a meandering pattern and to a heating appliance incorporating such a heating element. In order to make such a foil heating element suitable for use in appliances in which an air stream to be heated passes over the foil heating element the connecting portions (3, 4) are bent in such a way that the strips (1) are tilted out of the plane of the foil blank. Preferably the strips are disposed an an angle .alpha. between 45.degree. and 90.degree. relative to the plane.

Abstract: A method of forming an electric heater pad having a continuous resistance heater wire which zig-zags transversely back and forth in longitudinally spaced runs secured intermediate two insulating sheets, the method comprising: (a) laying the wire inbetween the sheets by successive passes back and forth transversely between the sheets, (b) drawing the two sheets with the wire therebetween between two first pressure rollers to bond central areas of the sheets together leaving border strips on each transverse slide edge of the sheets unbonded, and (c) subsequently, bonding the sheets together over the border strips, wherein each successive pass comprises: (1) catching the wire between the sheets in a nip between the first rollers near the juncture of the border strips and central areas at one side, (2) drawing the wire transversely across the sheets to beyond the side edges of the sheets at the other side where tension is applied to the wire forming it into a straight run extending transversely across the sheets

Abstract: A resistor having a first portion of a high resistivity material and a second portion of a low resistivity material and laser trimming the low resistivity material portion.

Abstract: The flat electrical resistance heating element is intended principally for a household article having a heating surface.The heating element comprises a heating resistance cut out from a metal sheet (1) which is coated with a substrate (2) of electrically insulating material resistant to the heating temperature and adherent to the metal sheet (1) and to the material of which the support (5) of the heating surface of the article is made.Use principally in base-heated kitchen utensils and irons.

Abstract: A heating unit, in particular for bread toasters, with a useful heat emitting area (2) and a waste heat emitting area (12), comprising an insulating body (1) and a heat conductor wound thereon. In bread toasters the efficiency of such heating units is considered unsatisfactory, and undue heating of the housing occurs since the radiation of heat in the waste heat emitting area is not directed to the material being toasted but to the housing walls. To avoid this shortcoming, it is proposed to short-circuit the heat conductor portions (12) extending in the waste heat emitting area.

Abstract: A perforated flat ribbon heating element embedded or sandwiched between the porous material and perforated sheet of honeycomb acoustic panel material used for sound suppression and deicing on ice buildup areas of an aircraft engine.

Abstract: An electrically heatable hair wrapper capable of being cut to any predetermined length from a flat, elongated, flexible base carrying a plurality of parallel resistance heating circuits. The circuits extend along the length of the base in a periodic serpentine pattern with the opposite ends of each pattern being electrically connected to continuous parallel buses extending along the longitudinal edges of the base. The flexible base is provided with indicia for indicating where the base and buses may be cut intermediate each adjacent pair of serpentine patterns so as not to destroy the continuity of the selected resistance heating circuits. A bendable, shape-retaining, cuttable wire along each longitudinal edge of the base outwardly of the parallel buses holds the wrapper in any desired shape. A longitudinally flexible flap integrally formed with at least one longitudinal edge of the base is foldable over the base to retain a hair tress between the base and flap during use of the wrapper.

Abstract: A panel heating element comprising (a) a metal substrate, (b) an aluminum boron-silicate insulating glass which forms a coating on the metal substrate, (c) one or more metallic resistance tracks applied to the substrate and (d) a mixture of a zirconium phosphate glass and a boron-titanium enamel which is applied as a layer over the metallic resistance tracks.

Abstract: A gaseous composition sensor which is a microstructure device comprising a heated planar thin film diaphragm sensor member suspended over a shallow flat bottomed etched pit in a single crystal silicon substrate.

Abstract: A plurality of resistors connected in a ladder format and disposed in parallel with each other. Each of the resistors has a resistance part and two mutual connection ends connected to the resistance part. The mutual connection ends are gathered at one side with respect to the resistance part.

Abstract: A method of making a high-voltage, noninductive, film-type resistor by providing on an insulating substrate a coating of resistive material. A laser beam is then operated to cut through the coating and remove portions so shaped that the remaining coating portions form a zigzag line. The laser cutting is so effected that each zig converges toward the adjacent zag at an angle sufficiently small that there is a major inductance-cancellation effect.

Abstract: A grid assembly for converting electrical energy to heat and then dissipating same. A plurality of parallel grid members include outwardly extending legs received in holes provided on mutually facing surfaces on polyester glass insulator members. The grid members are arranged in a continuous serpentine path from an input to an output terminal. The grid members are of sheet metal construction with the cylindrical legs formed by a radiused sheet metal configured leg portion of one grid member positioned adjacent an identical configured and mutually opposed leg portion of an adjacent grid member. The main body of each grid member extends from the legs through a flat portion and then through a diverging end portion spacing the main bodies of the grid members apart. In an alternate embodiment, the grid members are arranged with different lengths to provide a particular sized and configured grid assembly.

Abstract: An electrical radiator, particularly for fan-forced heaters, is provided which includes a resistance heating element disposed on an insulating element connected to the housing of the fan-forced heater. The coil winding of the resistance heating element is secured to the insulating element by means of clamping elements and is freely extending therefrom. A bimetallic switch in series with the resistance heating element serves as a heat protective switch and is disposed on a connector bar connected to the insulating element and carrying the electrical connectors for the coil winding. One end of the coil winding is secured on one side of the bar to a first bracket remote from the insulating element and which is rigid with the bar and connected to a first connector. The other end of the coil winding is secured to a second bracket disposed on the other side of the bar near the insulating element and which is rigid with the bar.

Abstract: A grid resistor assembly includes a plurality of flat grid resistor elements. Each element includes at least one open-ended loop having side portions and a tip end portion connected together through intervening strip portions of narrower width than the side portions to improve current carrying capacity and to provide for more even heating and heat dissipation. An assembly of such elements is particularly used as a resistor box in an electric, motor-driven, transit vehicle, such as a subway car, and is provided in a predetermined space envelope to perform predetermined electrical parameters.

Abstract: Plastic web to be fed into opposite dies for forming articles must be heated and softened by heater means in front of the forming machine, even if said machine is combined with an extruder supplying said plastic web. The invention provides a radiant heater adapted to be sensitively responsive to manual or automatic control so as to more suitably regulate a temperature of the plastic web in comparison with the conventional heater comprising quartz tubes each having a coiled nichrome wire. The heater of the invention comprises an extended thin nichrome plate arranged in zig-zag on a table plate.

Abstract: A disconnect switch for metal-enclosed, compressed gas-insulated high-voltage switchgear, having two resistors for the suppression of high-frequency oscillations caused by the occurrence of a pre-flashover arc, each located along the longitudinal axis of and electrically connected to a moveable rod. Furthermore, a movable insulating tube covers the disconnect gap substantially before the resistors make or break contact with each other. Each resistor is comprised of several resistive elements which lie adjacent to one another between two contact plates at each end and are molded of hardened cast resin. Each element is comprised of a ceramic plate with baked-on strips of resistive material which have contacts on all four edges.

Abstract: These resistors are obtained from conductive sheet material, for example metal sheet material (usually referred to as "grids") in which additional plates are provided in order to distribute the current density and consequently to predetermine the temperature and strain distributions caused on the resistor during load conditions.