Abstract: A corrugated membrane cavity has a flexible membrane, the center of which, in response to changes of pressure, varies of spacing between a magnet, for example carried on the membrane, and a Hall generator integrated circuit, in which the Hall generator is mounted coaxially with the polarity axis of the magnet and the flexible membrane. Another magnet on the other side of the Hall-IC faces the first magnet, so that like poles are facing each other, and so that the Hall-IC operates in a region of the induction field that is symmetrical with respect to the plane of zero induction that exists midway between the magnet. This working range makes possible a relatively high and linear variation of output voltge of the Hall-IC in response to variation of the magnetic induction which is particularly useful for pressure sensors for installation in the air intake duct of a motor vehicle engine.

Abstract: A weighing device using an electromagnet to attract a load bearing member where the balancing force is sensed using a Hall effect device to sense the force of the magnetic field. Means are provided to produce a signal which is linearly proportional to the weight of the object being weighed.

Abstract: A self contained switch assembly of the type indicating the status of a moveable mechanical structure, such as a door being in proper position for latching, includes a proximity sensor mounted to a base plate. Also mounted to the base plate is a plunger mechanism which carries a target plate. Upon the striker surface of the plunger engaging an external object, the target plate moves into proximity with the sensor, thereby producing a status signal.

Abstract: An electromagnetic device utilizing a pair of Hall effect switches for detecting the presence or absence of an electrical current of a first and a second value. The device includes a flux generator for generating a field of magnetic flux and a magnetic circuit including a pair of adjustable cores for varying the amount of flux delivered to the Hall switches. A first Hall switch outputs a signal responsive to the presence or absence of a current of a first value and the second a signal representative of a current of a second value.

Abstract: An adjustable flux generator used in conjunction with a Hall effect switch, comprising a coil and a magnetic circuit including an adjustable core. The coil produces a field of magnetic flux in response to the presence of an electrical current which is transmitted via the magnetic circuit to the Hall effect switch. The adjustable core is disposed to be manually adjusted to control the amount of magnetic flux delivered to the Hall effect switch. When the flux exceeds the Hall switch operate point the switch produces an output signal.

Abstract: A position detector providing an electrical position feedback signal proportional to relative mechanical movement between two elements employs a hall effect device to sense changes in magnetic flux density resulting from relative movement of the hall effect device with respect to an adjacent magnetic field, the hall effect device producing an electrical signal proportional to magnetic flux density which signal comprises the electrical position feedback signal. The hall effect device and magnet are supported in respective relatively movable members in cooperative relationship such that the magnet is adjacent the hall effect device so as to permit relative movement of the hall effect device with respect to the magnetic field, the members being preferably adapted for mounting respectively on two relatively movable mechanical elements.

Abstract: A contactless electromagnetic relay employing at least two magnetically activated electronic switches comprising a coil for generating a field of magnetic flux in response to an electrical current and a pair of magnetic circuits for conveying the flux to the switches. A first switch is "normally on" and a second "normally off" when no flux is generated by the coil, providing a first switching state. A second switching state is achieved by the relay when the coil generates a magnetic flux sufficient to turn off the first switch and turn on the second switch. Each magnetic circuit includes an adjustable core for increasing or decreasing the amount of flux delivered to each switch.

Abstract: An electric switch magnetically activatable including a Hall Effect sensor with a permanent magnet fixed on one side of the sensor and magnetic shielding interposed between the sensor and fixed magnet to direct flux away from the sensor, such that an operating magnet upon movement toward and away from the other side of the sensor cooperates with fixed magnet to produce an increased magnetic field through the sensor to activate the latter.

Abstract: An indicating and control apparatus uses Hall effect elements arranged on one side of a non-magnetic wall separating the elements from selectively positionable respective magnets. The magnets are selectively positioned adjacent to the non-magnetic wall to energize respective ones of the Hall effect elements by a code disc which is selectively positionable and displaceable with respect to the wall. The code disc is attached to a manually rotatable knob projecting from a housing enclosing the selectively positionable magnets and having a dial face on the exterior surface of the housing to cooperate with an indicator on the knob. The Hall effect elements, in turn, are located on a printed circuit board and are connected to associated circuitry to bias the Hall effect elements and to utilize output signals from the Hall effect elements.

Abstract: An integrated circuit including a Hall element and a threshold detector is encased in a plastic housing with the plane of the Hall element parallel with a face of the housing, providing a two-state Hall element proximity sensor. A light emitting diode (L.E.D.) is mounted in the housing and is connected to the output of the detector, providing visual indication of the state of the sensor. A kit includes the sensor and a compatible magnet to provide to users of little skill, proximity sensor parts that are easily assembled and made immediately effective in use.

Abstract: A Hall effect switch device converted to a latching relay by having a reversible bias magnet attached thereto adjacent the Hall sensor so as to operate the switch circuit in one polarity of the bias magnet, and release the switch circuit in the other polarity of the bias magnet.

Abstract: A Hall effect sensor is disposed between two magnets having their fields in quadrature and in association with a movable specially formed ferromagnetic part which is used to control flux in the sensor in such a way as to cause the sensor to produce a linearly varying output voltage dependent upon the position of the part.

Abstract: Apparatus for testing permanent magnets such as in a generator or alternator embodied in a fly wheel. The apparatus includes a testing head on which the fly wheel is placed for the purpose. The fly wheel has a circular series of permanent magnets, and the head has a corresponding circular series of electro magnets, with Hall Generators between the electro-magnets, the Hall Generators having an element (bismuth) the resistence of which is affected by a magnetic field. The apparatus includes an electrical circuit embodying the Hall Generators, and the electro-magnets are charged, and the voltage set up through the Hall Generators indicates the voltage condition of the permanent magnets and is the voltage which is tested by the apparatus. The apparatus can also be used for motors as well as generators and alternators.

Abstract: A solid state keyboard comprised of a base module, a plurality of key members each having a plunger member comprised of a uniform mixture of a magnetic material such as barium ferrite and a binder such as nylon, and a respective plurality of improved Hall Effect Generators, provides a significant improvement in performance and cost effectiveness. Actuation of a key member moves its plunger member, which has a preselected magnetic field, relative to an improved Hall Effect Generator, in which offset voltage has been substantially eliminated. This movement exposes the generator to a change in the direction of the magnetic field, thus causing a corresponding change in the output voltage of the generator from a first predetermined voltage to a second predetermined voltage. A unique tripolar magnetic arrangement on the plunger member provides positive switching and better control of switching points.

Abstract: Magnetic control apparatus (32) for intensifying a magnetic field to actuate a magnetic control member (34) and for preventing simultaneous actuation of a pair (34, 36) of magnetic control members. In one (32) of several embodiments a pair (38, 40) of selectively movable magnets each respectively produces a magnetic field which, when a magnet is moved into position, is directed by a pair (42, 54) of elongated bars across the pair (34, 36) of control members to actuate one of the members in response to the field. The pair (42, 54) of bars bypass the magnetic fields from the control members (34, 36) when both magnets (38, 40) are in such a position to attempt to actuate the control members (34, 36). The pair (42, 54) of elongated bars intensify the magnetic fields at the control members (34, 36), thereby permitting the use of relatively weak magnets at a substantial distance from the members (34, 36).

Abstract: A Hall effect package structure is provided with a cap which carries integral reference plane establishing members for establishing the gap between the facing ends of two elongated flux concentrator members in which a semiconductor chip having at least one Hall effect region is located. A pair of demountable C-shaped flux concentrator members engage therebetween the remote ends of the elongated flux concentrator members.

Abstract: A basically cross-shaped semiconductor Hall element comprises a pair of current-supplying electrodes as well as a pair of Hall electrodes. The structure includes trapezoidal semiconductor regions extending from the central magneto-sensitive region in both the current-supplying electrode directions to thereby suppress the element temperature rise due to Joule heating. In addition, the contiguous slant edges of the extended trapezoidal portion form an angle .theta. greater than 90.degree. with lateral edges of the central rectangular magneto-sensitive region to thereby suppress the semiconductor noise dependent on the shape itself.

Abstract: An electromagnetic relay is provided including a Hole integrated circuit disposed in a gap formed in a magnetic circuit including a yoke formed at its opposite end with turned portions, a core disposed between the turned portions, and an energizing coil surrounding the core. A permanent magnet is provided in the gap for providing a magnetic bias so as to increase the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field.

Abstract: A switch assembly with reduced number of mechanical parts in conjunction with an improved Hall Effect generator provides a more reliable, longer life switch. In one embodiment, the rocking motion of a rocker member is translated into linear motion to move a magnet relative to the Hall Effect generator. As the rocker member is rotated by pressure applied to the higher of its actuation surfaces, rotation is set up about a pivot point, causing the rocker member to shift the magnet to the opposite side of the base of the rocker assembly. This shift of the magnet changes the magnetic field to which the Hall Effect generator is exposed from one magnetic polarity to an opposite magnetic polarity which causes a respective change in output voltage of the Hall Effect generator from a first predetermined voltage to a second predetermined voltage. An audible "snap" is generated by the magnet when it contacts the side of the base.

Abstract: A device for detecting specific positions of a moving part, for example a rapidly rotating part provided with soft-magnetic projecting elements which alternately pass close to the detector device, which comprises a stationary magnetic exciter circuit for a Hall-effect crystal.The magnetic exciter circuit comprises a single permanent magnet having one pole face oriented towards the moving part, and provided with two symmetrical soft-magnetic pole pieces forming a narrow gap in which the Hall-effect crystal is disposed.

Abstract: A solid state keyboard comprised of a base module, a plurality of key members each having a plunger member comprised of a uniform mixture of a magnetic material such as barium ferrite and a binder such as nylon, and a respective plurality of improved Hall Effect generators, provides a significant improvement in performance and cost effectiveness. Actuation of a key member moves its plunger member, which has a preselected magnetic field, in rectilinear fashion relative to an improved Hall Effect generator, in which offset voltage has been substantially eliminated. This movement exposes the generator to a change in the direction of the magnetic field thus causing a corresponding change in the output voltage of the generator from a first predetermined voltage to a second predetermined voltage.

Abstract: An encapsulated Hall effect device is constructed on a thin substrate with an aperture. A semi-conductor chip having a plurality of connection leads and including a Hall effect element having a sensing surface is disposed in registration with the aperture. Encapsulation material surrounds the chip and aperture. The encapsulation material comprises a nonmagnetic portion which surrounds the sensing surface of the chip and a magnetically active portion which surrounds the surface of the chip opposite the sensing surface, with both portions together fully enclosing the chip.

Abstract: A miniature contactless switching unit is disclosed for use in various kinds of position sensors with a magneto-electro converter. The miniature contactless switching unit includes a molded block case in which a permanent magnet and the magneto-electro converter are oppositely disposed, and a screening member for screening magnetism, which operates in accordance with the movement of a moving member, whereby when the moving member is in a first position, the screening member is not disposed between the magnet and the magneto-electro converter to hold the output of the converter in a first switching state, while when the moving member is in a second position, the screening member is disposed between the magnet and the converter so as to prevent the magnetic flux from said magnet to the converter to hold the output of the converter in a second switching state.

Abstract: A compact linear transducer assembly including a Hall effect semiconductor material, which material generates a variable voltage as a result of displacing an array of gratings, formed in a first, highly permeable magnetic plate, in a magnetic field relative to the Hall effect material and to a corresponding array of gratings, formed in a second, highly permeable magnetic plate. A counter is responsive to the voltage across the Hall effect material to provide an indication of the linear distance traveled by the movable grating plate.

Abstract: A magnetically conducting flux-by-pass member shunts the main magnetic circuit, so that it no longer affects a Hall generator therein, while at the same time it completes an auxiliary magnetic circuit containing an auxiliary permanent magnet that causes magnetic flux to pass through the Hall generator in the opposite direction. The reversal of the magnetic flux in the Hall generator upon insertion and again upon removal of the flux-by-pass member increases the amplitude of the Hall generator signal and steepens the rise and fall of the signal.

Abstract: A position indicating device for providing a generally linear output in response to displacement; the system includes a Hall effect device and apparatus for providing a response therein in accordance to displacement of a movable stylus or plunger and the method of making the same.

Abstract: An improved adjustable rotary position sensor assembly is disclosed which is adaptable for sensing the rotational position of a body being synchronously rotated by an engine crankshaft and producing spark timing signals for the engine in response to the rotational position of the body. A generally cylindrically shaped Hall sensor probe is mounted through a cylindrical bore in an engine block and positioned such that one end of the sensor probe will be adjacent to radially extending portions of the rotary body during the rotation of the body by the engine. The Hall probe is rotatably adjustable with respect to the central axis of its cylindrically shaped body. A slotted mounting flange is attached to one end of the Hall probe and together with a retaining screw provides for locking the probe into a fixed rotational position with respect to its central axis after it has been adjusted.

Abstract: A contactless linear position sensor, or potentiometer, which has a linear output characteristic, is constructed with a pair of elongated, hollow cylindrical tubes which are made of magnetically saturable material and are aligned so that their axes form an angle of less than 180.degree., with both of said tubes having at least one conductive wire coupled therewith which is interconnected with the wire that is coupled with the other tube, and a moveable permanent magnet which is formed as a segment of a circular ring with a pair of straight sides that move adjacent to the tubes so that the total volume of the tubes that is magnetically saturated remains substantially constant while the inductance ratio of the tubes varies.

Abstract: A device for determining the angular position of a rotating part includes first and second parallel arranged magnets forming a symmetric magnetic excitation circuit with a Hall-effect element disposed on the axis thereof. The rotating part has first and second elements made of a soft magnetic material which are angularly displaced so as to alternately pass by the first and second magnets, respectively, to produce first and second oppositely directed transverse magnetic field components, H, at the Hall-effect element which thereby generates a signal whose polarity reverses to indicate angular position of the rotating part.

Abstract: A solid state Hall effect sensor is disposed between two magnets having their fields in quadrature with flux from the magnets at least partially cancelling in the Hall element to thereby enable a ferrous element relatively movable with respect to the magnets and sensor to control the output of the sensor.

Abstract: A contactless linear motion switch has a housing and a Hall effect sensing circuit positioned within the housing. A plunger carrying a permanent magnet moves within the housing toward and away from the Hall effect sensing circuit. A concentrator is positioned within the housing and has a portion positioned adjacent the Hall effect sensing circuit and a further portion positioned in contact with the permanent magnet when the magnet is positioned away from the Hall effect sensing circuit.

Abstract: A Hall effect rotary switch includes a frame and a parallel rotor and stator mounted in the frame. There are a plurality of peripherally unequally spaced Hall effect sensing circuits mounted on the stator and a plurality of localized magnetic areas on the rotor. Movement of the magnetic areas adjacent the Hall effect sensing circuits provides output signals therefrom, which signals are used to determine the relative position of the rotor and stator. The localized magnetic areas on the rotor cooperate with detent portions of the stator to form a magnetic detent.

Abstract: A Hall effect rotary switch includes a stator and a rotor. The stator mounts a row of spaced Hall effect sensing circuits. There are magnetic means for causing activation of the sensing circuits, with the rotor selectively positioning said magnetic means adjacent said Hall effect sensing circuits to provide coded outputs therefrom at different positions of the rotor.

Abstract: A cleaved surface of a crystal is used as a substrate for evaporation, and a high mobility semiconductor is evaporated to a thickness of 0.5 to 1.5 .mu.m to form a deposited thin semiconductor film, on which a first magnetizable member having a high magnetic permeability is applied with an adhesive. Subsequently the substrate is removed, and an electrode is formed on the exposed surface of the evaporated thin film, and a second magnetizable member is applied thereon with an adhesive. Where a special humidity resistance is required, a reinforcing layer of an electrically insulating and moisture-impervious inorganic material is formed directly on the evaporated thin semiconductor film before the first magnetizable member is applied.

Abstract: Actuator apparatus comprising a metal body or magnet adapted to be carried in a fixed cyclical path on a pivot arm which in turn is adapted to be actuated over a wide frequency range by a second resiliently mounted pivot arm in tandem, and further comprising a field-sensitive element (such as a reluctance effect element, Hall effect device, proximity switch, reed switch or the like) in proximity to the path of the body for path-responsive high fidelity control of an operation such as switching, the field-sensitive element being sensitive to discrete change in magnetic force caused by the cyclical movement for production of an electronic control signal or pulse in phase with each cycle.

Abstract: A pulse generator is disclosed, intended to supply information as to the speed of rotation and the phasing of an internal combustion engine of the injection type, said generator comprising at least a magnetosensitive switching device formed by a magnetoresistive element positioned at a preselected location along a circumference, means for producing a magnetic field for switching said magnetosensitive switching device mechanically connected to the main shaft so as to be rotated at a speed proportional to the speed of rotation of the engine and with a preselected phase relationship with respect thereto, said magnetic field periodically influencing said switching device for a length of time and at a frequency which are a function of the engine speed of rotation and with a phase which is a function of the phase relationship aforementioned.

Abstract: Gyroscope motor of the type comprising a magnetized rotor constituted by a permanent magnet in the shape of a toroid, within which are disposed the stator windings, the commutation being ensured by means of a static detector operating by variation of the impedance of a winding placed in the magnetic circuit, wherein the saturation of said magnetic circuit is obtained directly by means of the field of the rotor.

Abstract: A galvano-magneto effect device in which a glavano-magneto effect element is fixed on a thin substrate and a thick cover plate made of ferrite is provided on said galvano-magneto effect element.