Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrical conductor, which is formed at least in part of an electrically conductive material, and is at least in part coated with a protective layer that at least locally has a lower electrical conductivity than the electrically conductive material of the conductor. It is envisioned that the protective layer is formed at least in part of synthetic rubber.

Abstract: [Object] A method for efficiently manufacturing chip resistors is provided. [Means] The method includes the steps of preparing at least three conductive elongated boards 711 made of an electrically conductive material and a resistive member 702 made of a resistive material, arranging the at least three conductive elongated boards 711 apart from each other along a width direction crossing a longitudinal direction in which one of the at least three conductive elongated boards 711 is elongated, forming a resistor aggregate 703 by bonding the resistive member 702 to the at least three conductive elongated boards 711, and collectively dividing the resistor aggregate 703 into a plurality of chip resistors by punching so that each of the chip resistors includes two electrodes and a resistor portion bonded to the two electrodes.

Abstract: A metal strip resistor includes a resistor body having a resistive element formed from a strip of an electrically resistive metal material and a first termination electrically connected to the resistive element to form a first junction and a second termination electrically connected to the resistive element to form a second junction, the first termination and the second termination formed from strips of electrically conductive metal material. The resistive element, the first termination, and the second termination being arranged mitigate thermally induced voltages between the first junction and the second junction.

Abstract: The invention relates to an RF resistor, and in particular an RF terminating resistor, having a planar layer structure which has, on a substrate (16), a resistive layer (10) for converting RF energy into heat, an input conductor track (12) for the infeed of RF energy, and an earthing conductor track (14) for making an electrical connection to an earth contact, the input conductor track (12) being electrically connected to a first end (18) of the resistive layer (10), the earthing conductor track (14) being electrically connected to a second end (20) of the resistive layer which is opposite from the first end (18), and the resistive layer (10) being bounded, between the first end (18) and the second end (20), by lateral faces (26) in a direction perpendicular to a direction of propagation (22) of the RF energy in the resistive layer (10) and perpendicular to a normal (24) to the planar layer structure, the resistive layer (10) having at least one incision, which at least partly constricts the cross-section of

Abstract: In a resistance plate, a first slide portion includes a plurality of first conductive segments arranged at intervals generally in a direction of sliding movement of a sliding arm, the adjacent first conductive segments being connected together via a resistor. A first conducting path 13 extends between the first slide portion and a first end land to electrically connect them together, the first end land being provided for detecting a quantity of electricity appearing according to the positions of the first conductive segment and a second conductive segment which are held in contact with the sliding arm. A protector is formed on the first conducting path to cover this first conducting path. The protector and the resistor are made of the same material.

Abstract: A heater strip for use as a heating element in an electric heater is made up of a profiled strip made of a flat metallic material forming a resistor section and of mounting elements extending over one common longitudinal side and they are manufactured as one piece with the resistor section for mounting the heater strip to a support. The strip has a zigzag-shaped structure. The mounting elements are provided only on the flat leg sections of the zigzag-shaped heater strip.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrical resistance element of the molybdenum silicide type that includes two terminals (1, 2) for the supply of electric current and at least one leg (3) which extends between the terminals and which includes a glow zone. The invention is characterized in that the glow zone has different diameters along different sections (6-11, 14-17) of the leg (3; 4, 5).

Abstract: A microelectronic assembly, including a microelectronic element such as a semiconductor chip and a dielectric material covering the chip and forming a body having a bottom surface. The assembly includes conductive units having portions exposed at the bottom surface, posts extending upwardly from said exposed portions and top flanges spaced above the bottom surface.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a self-compensating resistor within an integrated circuit is disclosed. The self-compensating resistor includes a first resistor and a second resistor. The first resistor having a first resistance value is initially formed, and then the second resistor having a second resistance value is subsequently formed. The second resistor is connected in series with the first resistor. The second resistance value is less than the first resistance value, but the total resistance value of the first and second resistors lies beyond a desired target resistance range. Finally, an electric current is sent to the second resistor to change the dimension of the second resistor such that the total resistance value of the first and second resistors falls within the desired target resistance range.

Abstract: A semiconductor resistor comprises a resistor body formed on a semiconductor substrate and first and second conductive terminals electrically connected to the resistor body at opposite ends thereof. The semiconductor resistor further includes at least first and second conductive paths between at least one of the first and second conductive terminals and the resistor body. The at least one conductive terminal is configured such that a resistance of the at least one conductive terminal between the at least first and second conductive paths is substantially matched to a resistance of the resistor body between the at least first and second conductive paths. In this manner, a current distribution between the at least first and second conductive paths is substantially matched.

Abstract: An improved surface mount resistor and method for making the same includes a body comprised of an elongated strip of electrically resistive material and a resistor terminal formed at each end of the resistive material. The resistive material is machined with a laser beam to create a current path having a desired resistance. The pattern cut is determined by partitioning the resistive material into a plurality of squares forming a current path through the resistive material with the correct resistivity. The resistive material is cut primarily with axial cuts so that the beam strength of the resistive material is maintained.

Abstract: The surface-mount device package comprises a pad located on a face of the surface-mount device, a solder bump bonded to the pad, and a terminal spaced radially apart from the pad. A terminal surrounds the pad in at least one common plane that bisects the pad and the terminal. An electrically resistive volume intervenes between the pad and the terminal. The pad is electrically coupled to the terminal through the resistive volume. The terminal, the pad, and the electrically resistive volume cooperate to form a passive component associated with at least one device interconnection. The passive component preferable comprises an integral resistor. The integral resistor serves to eliminate or at least substantially reduce electrical resonances and reflections that may otherwise degrade the signal integrity.

Abstract: An electrical resistor has a surface mounted four terminal current sensor of a very low resistance value and capable of handling short pulses of high power. It comprises a flat metal late, 1 to 50 mils thick, of an alloy of high electrical resistivity, to which are welded, on two opposite sides, two flat metal plates of very high electrical conductivity which serve as terminations for electrical interconnection. A slot is cut, from the outside edge toward the center, into each of the two termination plates which divides them into a wide pad for connection of current carrying wires and a narrow one for voltage sensing. The depth of the slots is optimized to get the best stability of resistance readings with changing ambient temperature and under influence of the self-heating effect.

Abstract: An electrical component has a terminal construction allowing it to be electrically and mechanically connected to an electrode. A terminal made of a metal material is mounted on an insulating substrate which has front and rear surfaces and is mounted on the front surface thereof with an electrode. The terminal includes a clamp section for clamping the substrate through front and rear surfaces thereof. The clamp section includes a first contact element contacted with the electrode and a second contact element contacted with the rear surface of the substrate. The first contact element is adhesively bonded to the electrode. Electrical connection between the first contact element and the electrode is carried out by direct contact therebetween. The second contact element of the clamp section is adhesively bonded to the rear surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A resistive body of a hybrid integrated circuit has a resistance pattern on a resin film. Bonding pads permit connection of current through the resistance pattern. The resistance pattern may form part of a detecting bridge for overcurrent detection. One embodiment of the invention uses a rectangular resistance pattern with an opening in the center to force current to flow on a perimeter path for minimizing maximum temperature. Another embodiment uses a serpentine resistance pattern. A face-down resistance patter reduces interference. A direct-connection bonding pad reduces the voltage generated in a parasitic capacitance to improve the resistance of the resin film to voltage breakdown.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a resistance unit for controlling a motor speed of driving a blower of an automobile air conditioner. The resistance unit includes a resistance circuit board printing a plurality of resistors in the form of double layers on both sides thereof, a supporting plate for mounting the board and a plurality of lead frames each of which is electrically connected to a corresponding terminal of the resistors, and a socket, combined with the supporting plate, taking a part of each lead frame therein.

Abstract: A lamp monitor provides a sense resistor for each lamp circuit as a special sense terminal member with a series resistance and sense terminals connected to a circuit board in a lamp monitor module. A multiplexing arrangement allows selection of the circuit to be monitored. The monitor samples the voltage across the series resistance by first connecting a capacitor across the sense terminals to be charged to the voltage and then disconnecting the capacitor from the sense terminals and connecting it across the input of an amplifier. The voltage across the lamps is sensed to provide a ratiometric reference for the digitizing of the amplifier output in an analog to digital converter; and a digital computer corrects the input digital signal with a stored non-linear normalization factor relating current to voltage in the lamps.

Abstract: A surface mountable, high current resistor (20) is formed generally in the shape of an inverted "U". The top portion (22) of the inverted "U" is flat and contains one or more openings (26, 27) that serve to alter the resistivity of the resistor. The openings are formed so as to be inverted mirror images of each other, thereby cancelling inductive effects introduced by the openings. The ends of the "U" are formed into two or more legs (24) that serve to provide stability and a mounting area for soldering the resistor to a printed circuit board. A flat, unbroken portion (28) in the center of the resistor serves as a convenient area to handle the resistor with a vacuum tool during printed circuit assembly.

Abstract: A honeycomb heater having integrally formed and/or integrally sintered electrodes comprises a honeycomb structure having a desired honeycomb configuration, and electrodes which are integrally sintered with the honeycomb structure at predetermined positions thereon. The honeycomb heater having integrally sintered is manufactured by joining or contacting the electrode-like formed bodies to the formed honeycomb body, and then by sintering the formed honeycomb body with the electrode-like formed bodies attached or contacted thereto. The electrodes are made of the same material as that of the honeycomb body, or of a material having an electric resistance lower than that of the material comprising the honeycomb body.

Abstract: A flat resistance for a blower control unit of an automobile air conditioner, and a blower control unit using the same. The flat resistance includes: a porcelain enameled metallic substrate including a flat head portion, having an edge and one surface, and parallel terminal supporting portions projecting outwardly from the edge of the head; a resistance circuit printed on the one surface of the head portion, the resistance circuit including a plurality of resistances electrically connected in series; a temperature fuse, interposed in the resistance circuit, for being tripped to break the resistance circuit when the porcelain enameled metallic substrate becomes overheated; and terminals, printed on both the head portion and the terminal supporting portions, each terminal being connected to one end of a corresponding one of the resistances.

Abstract: A first film disposed in a first direction on an integrated circuit chip and having uniformly spaced taps provides progressively increasing resistance values. A second film disposed on the chip in a direction opposite to the first direction at a position displaced in any direction from the first film may have a construction corresponding to that of the first film. First and second reference voltages may be respectively applied to the first and second ends of the first and second films. Particular taps on the first film may be connected to taps in corresponding positions on the second film with corresponding voltages. A plurality of differential comparators are provided, each with a signal input and a reference input. Each comparator reference input is connected to an individual one of the taps on the first film, but not necessarily to successive taps. The reference input connections to the taps may have a non-linear (e.g. a luminance) spacing in the first direction to provide a non-linear voltage (e.g.

Abstract: A plurality of equally spaced terminals may be disposed at a side edge of a substantially uniformly resistive thin film. A reference potential (e.g. ground) may be applied to the second side of the film. An energizing voltage may be applied at the juncture between the first side edge and a particular one of the top and bottom edges of the film. In this way, the successive terminals receive voltages with a logarithmic relationship relative to the terminal positions. When a linear relationship of voltages is desired at successive terminals in a low range, no reference potential is applied to the second side edge of the thin film. Instead, the other one of the top and bottom edges may receive the reference voltage. Alternatively no reference voltage may be applied and terminals indicating the linear voltages may be disposed at such other edge.

Abstract: An appliance timer includes a motor driven cam carried in a housing. A switch blade carried in the housing is responsive to the cam to selectively activate one of a pair of switch circuits, each of which provide a different operating level for an appliance function, e.g. several different heat levels in an automatic dryer. Each switch circuit includes a contact, a contact support spring, and an electrical feed-through which connects to a terminal strap on the exterior of the housing. A resistor that is an integral part of one of the switch circuits provides the level differentiation between the circuits. In one embodiment a carbonaceous organic resistor chip replaces the circuit contact. In another embodiment an inorganic ceramic resistor slug replaces the circuit feed-through.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for the manufacture of a heating unit comprising an insulating body having a front and a back side, one or several heating conductors arranged on the front part of the insulating body, and contact and fastening elements. The heating conductors are connected to the insulating body by means of the contact or fastening elements. To manufacture single- and double-faced heating units in a common process, it is proposed that in a first operating sequence the contact or fastening elements are rigidly fixed together with the insulating body by means of anchoring arrangements and that in a second sequence the one or several heating conductors are contacted with the contact or fastening elements.

Abstract: In a burner igniter using a ceramic heater, the resistance of the ceramic heater is detected to perform feedback control so that the temperature of the heater is maintained substantially constant to prevent both misfiring and overheating, while rapid temperature rise can also be obtained. The resistance value detected by a bridge circuit is fed to a proportional-integral controller which produces a control signal, while the current fed to the ceramic heater is also detected. The control signal and another signal indicative of the current to the ceramic heater are used to control a power source of the ceramic heater so that the current to the ceramic heater is controlled. A monitoring circuit responsive to both the resistance of the ceramic heater and the current fed to the ceramic heater may be added to warn a user that the life of the ceramic heater will soon end.

Abstract: A composite sintered oxide resistor comprising crystal grains of zinc oxide and crystal grains of a zinc oxide compound of other metal or semi-metal element than zinc, and a grain boundary layer having an electric resistance equal to or lower than that of the crystal grains and which of zinc oxide between the individual crystal grains has a very large withstanding capacity against switch surge, a small non-linear coefficient of voltage in the voltage-current characteristics, a positive, smaller resistance-temperature coefficient, and a small percent change in resistivity after heat treatment at 500.degree. C. in the atmosphere.

Abstract: The ceramic heater of the present invention is used for regenerating a fine particle collecting filter which is exposed to exhaust gases at elevated temperatures. In this ceramic heater, which is capable of being cantilevered, two electrode portions are provided on a single straight or curved line and heat generating portion is positioned on one side of said line. The heat generating portion comprises a ring-like portion and two leg portions integrally connected to the ring-like portion at two connecting portions which approximately bisect the ring-like portion. The two electrode portions are provided at fore ends of the leg portions respectively, and the ring-like portion and the two electrode portions conjointly form a triangle.

Abstract: A heating device of the present invention has a heating element of a substantially V-shape and is made of a ceramic material having electric conductivity. Electrode plates are respectively mounted at both ends of the heating element for energizing the heating element. Further, the heating device has a holder for holding the heating element by interposing both ends of the heating element therebetween. This holder is composed of a pair of insulating plates made of an electric insulating material. Both ends of the heating element are formed with projections. One of the insulating plates is formed with recesses for receiving both ends of the heating element in coincidence with the shape of both ends of the heating element.

Abstract: The heater of the present invention includes a paper or plastic substrate on which is printed a semi-conductor pattern (typically a colloidal graphite ink) having (a) a pair of longitudinal stripes extending parallel to and spaced apart from each other and (b) a plurality of identical bars spaced apart from each other and extending between and electrically connected to the stripes. A metallic conductor (typically copper stripping) overlies each of the longitudinal stripes in face-to-face engagement therewith, and the conductors are held in tight engagement with the stripes by a sealing layer that overlies the metallic conductors and is sealed, at opposite sides of the semi-conductor stripe associated with the particular metallic conductor, to portions of the substrate that are free from the printed semi-conductor pattern.

Abstract: A ceramic heater has a heater element made of a mixture including MoSi.sub.2 and Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 powder as a main ingredient and silica (SiO.sub.2) powder as an additive, a heater support member made of an electrically insulating ceramic sintered body for supporting the heater element and an electric current supply means for supplying an electric current to the heater element. The composition of the mixture for the heater element is defined so as to satisfy the following formula: 0.035.ltoreq.B/A<0.35 where A is the amount of Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 expressed by mol percent of the total amount of the main ingredient of MoSi.sub.2 and Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 and B is the amount of SiO.sub.2 expressed by mol percent of the total amount of the main ingredient of MoSi.sub.2 and Si.sub.3 N.sub.4.

Abstract: An electrical heating device comprises a substrate, a pair of parallel, spaced apart elongated conductors extending longitudinally of the substrate, and a semi-conductor pattern carried on the substrate and electrically connected to and extending between the conductors. The semi-conductor pattern produces a thermal image for an infrared target. In some embodiments, the thermal image is irregular or circular in shape and the semi-conductor pattern includes a plurality of transversely-spaced bars having relatively wide portions outside, and relatively thin portions within, the area producing the thermal image.

Abstract: An apparatus relating to a voltage divider having one or more Kelvin connection taps, including first and second spaced terminals and a current carrying resistor between the first and second terminals. A third terminal is spaced from the resistor and the resistor has at least one conductive but non-current-carrying peninsula extending from a junction on the side of the resistor and connecting with the third terminal to produce a Kelvin connection tap. A cut is made only in the non-current-carrying peninsula along the path having a component parallel to the side of the resistor from which the peninsula extends and shading the junction of said peninsula and the side from the third terminal, to adjust the interconnection of the third terminal with the resistor and vary the voltage output without varying the resistance of the resistor. An extension of this cut may be made parallel to the edge of the peninsula to further increase the adjustment.

Abstract: A novel construction for a thick film resistor is disclosed. A substrate has a first face deposited with a layer of resistive material. Between the substrate and this first layer is located a strip of conductive material. The strip of material is oriented at approximately right angles to the current path through the first layer, midway along the current path. A second layer of resistive material is located on a second face, parallel to the first face, and the first and second layers are connected electrically in series such that the current path through the second layer is orthogonal to the current path through the first layer.

Abstract: A ceramic heater comprising a supporting member made of an electrically insulating ceramic and a heater element made of a ceramic having excellent oxidization resistance, thermal shock resistance and high bending strength at a high temperature is disclosed. The heater element is formed by sintering a mixture composed of MoSi.sub.2 and 10 to 70 mol % of Si.sub.3 N.sub.4. By adding 3 to 10 mol % of at least one material selected from the group consisting of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, a mixture of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and MgO and MgAl.sub.2 O.sub.4 to the above mixture, a heater element having a sufficient sintering degree can be obtained even by atmospheric sintering.

Abstract: The heater of the present invention includes a paper or plastic substrate on which is printed a semi-conductor pattern (typically a colloidal graphite ink) having (a) a pair of longitudinal stripes extending parallel to and spaced apart from each other and (b) a plurality of identical bars spaced apart from each other and extending between and electrically connected to the stripes. A metallic conductor (typically copper stripping) overlies each of the longitudinal stripes in face-to-face engagement therewith, and the conductors are held in tight engagement with the stripes by a sealing layer that overlies the metallic conductors and is sealed, at opposite sides of the semi-conductor stripe associated with the particular metallic conductor, to portions of the substrate that are free from the printed semi-conductor pattern.

Abstract: A ceramic heating element is held in a metal housing to be mounted on an internal combustion engine, so that the heating element is operated as a glow plug for igniting an air-fuel mixture. The ceramic heating element is formed of an electrode section housed in the housing and a heat generating section extending out of the housing, whereby the heat generating section is exposed to the mixture in an engine cylinder. The electrode and heat generating sections are divided into two portions, respectively, and both forward ends of divided heat generating portions are connected with each other, so that electric current flows from one of the electrode portions through the divided heat generating portions to the other electrode portion.

Abstract: An apparatus relating to a voltage divider having one or more Kelvin connection taps, including first and second spaced terminals and a current carrying resistor between the first and second terminals. A third terminal is spaced from the resistor and the resistor has at least one conductive but non-current-carrying peninsula extending from a junction on the side of the resistor and connecting with the third terminal to produce a Kelvin connection tap. A cut is made only in the non-current-carrying peninsula along the path having a component parallel to the side of the resistor from which the peninsula extends and shading the junction of said peninsula and the side from the third terminal, to adjust the interconnection of the third terminal with the resistor and vary the voltage output without varying the resistance of the resistor. An extension of this cut may be made parallel to the edge of the peninsula to further increase the adjustment.

Abstract: An electrical resistor is described which is comprised of a resistor core having at least one electrically conductive end cap mounted thereon. The end cap is in electrical contact with the butt end portion of the core and electrically insulated from the side, or periphery, portion of the core member. The end cap has an outward-extending radial portion thereon, positioned contiguous to the junction between the core and the cap.The present electrical resistors are produced by forming a resistive core member of a conductor in a dielectric matrix material and an end cap, having an internal contact surface and a receiving portion. The receiving portion is larger than the outside diameter of the core. The end cap has an outward-extending radial position adjacent the receiving portion. The end cap is mounted on the core to place the butt end portion of the core in electrical contact with the internal contact surface of the end cap, but otherwise spacedly within the end cap.

Abstract: A ceramic heater having a heating element of a sintered mixture comprising alumina and titanium nitride and/or titanium carbide. The heating element has a specific resistance in a range from 10.sup.-4 to several .OMEGA.cm. The ceramic heater may have supporting substrates of insulating materials with which the heating element is covered. The ceramic heater can be used at a temperature above 1000.degree. C.

Abstract: Silicon carbide shapes of the general type shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,125,756 are densified and nitrided in such a way as to produce shapes with improved durability and reduction in temperature span in response to voltage changes.

Abstract: An electrical resistance heater or igniter characterized by having a core bonded by regrowth of silicon carbide is produced by heating particulate silicon carbide which may be mixed with a minor amount of modifying agent, by means of an uncharged beam of energy, to a temperature above 3000.degree. F. and below 5500.degree. F. and subsequently cooling the resultant coherent shape below 3000.degree. F., both stops being completed within a period of ten minutes. In the preferred method, unconsolidated particulate silicon carbide is exposed to the energy of a laser beam and the particulate silicon carbide has a particle size within the range of magnitude of ten to three hundred microns. Upon its initial formation, the shape or element has a core and a distinctly delineated rind which is attached to the core. The core has a relatively low resistivity as compared with the rind.

Abstract: Directly heatable tubular semiconductor bodies are produced by pyrolytically depositing a continuous layer of silicon or silicon carbide from a thermally decomposable silicon compound onto a heated graphite mandrel, non-destructively removing the so-deposited tubular body from the mandrel, applying a dopant-containing lacquer or the like onto select outer surface portions of such tubular body and subjecting the so-coated tubular body to diffusion conditions sufficient to dope the select outer body portions of the body and render such body directly heatable via an applied electrical current.

Abstract: An electrical exceptance heater or igniter characterized by having a core bonded by regrowth of silicon carbide is produced by heating particulate silicon carbide which may be mixed with a minor amount of modifying agent, by means of an uncharged beam of energy, to a temperature above 3000.degree. F. and below 5500.degree. F. and subsequently cooling the resultant coherent shape below 3000.degree. F., both steps being completed within a period of ten minutes. In the preferred method, unconsolidated particulate silicon carbide is exposed to the energy of a laser beam and the particulate silicon carbide has a particulate size within the range of magnitude of ten to three hundred microns. Upon its initial formation, the shape or element has a core and a distinctly delineated rind which is attached to the core. The core has a relatively low resistivity as compared with the rind.

Abstract: The warm-up time of a glow plug starting device in a diesel engine is reduced by using as the material for the heat generating element in the glow plug a metallic resistance material whose resistance up to the starting temperature is less than two-thirds of the rated resistance of a conventional element. The starter circuit includes a detecting resistor in series with the heating element and a divider which divides the voltage across the heating element by the voltage across the detecting resistor in order to accurately determine the resistance and, thus, the temperature, of the heating element. The current to the element is interrupted and a self-holding starting relay is energized when the starting temperature has been obtained.

Abstract: A precision resistor for use in electrical circuits arranged on printed circuit boards is produced from a band of thermally conductive alloy. The band is selectively surface treated with a conductive coating to improve solderability in the region of the resistor where it is connected to conductors of the circuit board.

Abstract: A ceramic heater-element to be incorporated into a plug to be pressed into a socket provided on a front inner car-body, thereby providing a cigarette-lighter, which comprises an annular shaped heater-portion having a radially extending gap thereby providing two opposing end-portions, and a pair of electrode-portions, each being extended substantially downwardly from each of the two end-portions while being in a parallel relationship with a center axis of the heater-portion, wherein respective cross-sectional dimensions through which the electric current flows are so arranged that the cross-sectional area of the heater-portion is relatively smaller than either of the cross-sectional areas of the electrode-portions.

Abstract: An ignition aid for internal combustion engines includes a sintered refractory ceramic composite heating element having a high resistance central portion interposed between a low resistance terminal end portions. The heating element is positioned in a hollow electrically conductive body adapted to be removably inserted in an aperture in an engine. The heating element is disposed between and has its terminal end portions in electrical non-point contact with a bridge portion at one end of the hollow body and an electrode rod extending into the hollow body in sealed relation therewith. In one embodiment, the electrode rod comprises a pair of relatively movable parts, one of which is resiliently biased into engagement with the heating element by a resilient PTC resistance element electrically connecting the parts. In another embodiment, the heating element terminal portions are diffusion bonded to the electrode rod and bridge portion, respectively.

Abstract: A glow element arrangement for electric cigarette lighters includes a disk-shaped semiconductor element of predetermined geometric configuration. The element has electrically conductive contacting surfaces for the supply of electrical current. Various arrangements are disclosed for protecting the semiconductor element, for supplying current to the contacting surfaces and for preventing stress from being applied to the semiconductor element.

Abstract: A solid-state silicon carbide gas igniter to which electrical leads are bonded for energization by flame or plasma spraying as used for hardfacing alloys, metals and ceramics, the leads being received in slots in the igniter terminal parts and the latter, with the thus inserted leads, encased or coated by the spray bonding material. In applying such material, the centerline of the spray is directed at an angle of approximately 45.degree. toward the terminal end of the igniter while the latter is preferably relatively rotated to provide the material coating fully about the terminal parts of the igniter and the inserted leads.

Abstract: An electrical resistor has a surface mounted four terminal current sensor of a very low resistance value and capable of handling short pulses of high power. It comprises a flat metal late, 1 to 50 mils thick, of an alloy of high electrical resistivity, to which are welded, on two opposite sides, two flat metal plates of very high electrical conductivity which serve as terminations for electrical interconnection. A slot is cut, from the outside edge toward the center, into each of the two termination plates which divides them into a wide pad for connection of current carrying wires and a narrow one for voltage sensing. The depth of the slots is optimized to get the best stability of resistance readings with changing ambient temperature and under influence of the self-heating effect.