Abstract: In an embodiment a sensor system includes a first sensor having a first thermistor configured to sense a change in heat flow and a first heater configured to heat the first thermistor and a second sensor having a second thermistor configured to sense a change in heat flow and a second heater configured to heat the second thermistor, wherein a heat conduction path between the first heater and the first thermistor has a higher thermal conductivity than a heat conduction path between the second heater and the second thermistor.

Abstract: A gas sensor for sensing a gas in a humid environment includes a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer that is spaced apart from the first electrode layer, and a gas sensing layer that electrically interconnects the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer. The gas sensing layer is made of a hygroscopic electrically insulating material.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes a first thermistor as a detection element, a second thermistor as a reference element, a first heater for heating the first thermistor, a second heater for heating the second thermistor, and a control circuit that heats the first and second heaters such that the second thermistor has a higher temperature than the first thermistor in a first period of time and that the first thermistor has a higher temperature than the second thermistor in a second period of time.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nanomechanical sensor in which a negative influence of water in a sample on measurement is suppressed. In an embodiment of the present invention, as a receptor material of the nanomechanical sensor, a low-hygroscopic material such as polysulfone, polycaprolactone, poly(vinylidene fluoride), or poly(4-methylstyrene) is used. According to this embodiment, a negative influence, such as saturation of a receptor layer by water in the sample, or masking of an output signal based on trace components by an output signal based on water contained in the sample in a large amount, can be suppressed.

Abstract: A ceramics substrate includes: a substrate body; and an electric conductor patient that is provided in the substrate body. The substrate body is made of ceramics containing aluminum oxide. The electric conductor pattern is a sintered body that contains tungsten as a main component and further contains nickel oxide, aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide.

Abstract: A gas sensor package includes a package substrate having a hole, the hole having an end that is opened at a first surface of the package substrate; a gas sensor disposed in the hole of the package substrate; a fixing plate disposed on the first surface of the package substrate, the fixing plate having a vent hole extending between a top surface and a bottom surface of the fixing plate, the bottom surface of the fixing plate facing toward the package substrate and the top surface of the fixing plate facing away from the package substrate, and the fixing plate overlapping the hole of the package substrate when viewed in a plan view; and a protective film attached to the fixing plate. The protective film overlaps the vent hole when viewed in a plan view.

Abstract: A humidity sensor includes a lower electrode formed on a substrate, a first moisture sensitive layer covering the lower electrode, an upper electrode formed on the first moisture sensitive layer, and having a predetermined opening pattern including a plurality of openings, and a second moisture sensitive layer covering the upper electrode, and the second moisture sensitive layer contacts the first moisture sensitive layer at the openings of the upper electrode.

Abstract: A gas sensor is described that includes a planar carrier membrane; a gas-sensitive layer on the carrier membrane; a first and at least a second electrode, which each lie on the gas-sensitive layer in an electrically conductive manner; and a first electric supply line to the first electrode and a second electric supply line to the second electrode. The second electrode lies radially outside the first electrode, and the first supply line is insulated with respect to the gas-sensitive layer.

Abstract: A sensor comprises: an electrically comprises a switchable polymeric element. The polymeric element has at least a first electrical state and a second electrical state and is switchable between the first and second electrical states as a function of predefined environmental changes. The sensor comprises a polymeric matrix and a water soluble electrolyte embedded in the polymeric matrix.

Abstract: A pipeline breach monitor includes an electric field sensor and a signal processing unit in communication with the electric field sensor. The electric field sensor includes an upper substrate, and a plurality of electrodes embedded in the upper substrate. The electrodes are substantially parallel to each other in the upper substrate and comprise at least one sense electrode and a plurality of elongate sensor electrodes disposed around the at least one sense electrode. The signal processing unit is configured to (i) apply a voltage signal to the sensor electrodes, (ii) receive at least one measurement set comprising a measurement of a phase and a magnitude of a current generated in the at least one sense electrode and the sensor electrodes, and (iii) generate an assessment of accumulation of a substance proximate the electric field sensor from the at least one measurement set and at least one predetermined substance accumulation profile.

Abstract: Continuous monitoring of acetone is a challenge using related art sensing methods. Though real-time detection of acetone from different biofluids is promising, signal interference from other biomarkers remains an issue. A minor fluctuation of the signals in the micro-ampere range can cause substantial overlapping in linear/polynomial calibration fittings. To address the above in non-invasive detection, principal component analysis (PCA) can be used to generate specific patterns for different concentration points of acetone in the subspace. This results in improvement of the problem of overlapping of the signals between two different concentration points of the data sets while eliminating dimensionality and redundancy of data variables. An algorithm following PCA can be incorporated in a microcontroller of a sensor, resulting in a functional wearable acetone sensor. Acetone in the physiological range (0.5 ppm to 4 ppm) can be detected with such a sensor.

Abstract: Provided is a water-soluble composition for optical three-dimensional modeling having little burden on the environment, which enables the production of a three-dimensional model that has both little warping deformation and excellent mechanical characteristics, while exhibiting good adhesion between cured film layers during the production process of the three-dimensional model; and a method for producing a three-dimensional model, which uses this composition for optical three-dimensional modeling. Specifically provided is a water-soluble composition for optical three-dimensional modeling, which contains (A) 10-70% by mass of a water-soluble cationically polymerizable compound that is an ether derivative compound of a sorbitol having a glycidyl ether structure, (B) 1-30% by mass of a water-soluble radically polymerizable compound having a methacryl group and/or an acryl group, (C) 0.

Abstract: A temperature sensor having excellent humidity resistance and responsivity is provided. The temperature sensor according to the present invention includes an insulating substrate 2; a thin film thermistor portion 3 made of a thermistor material formed on either surface of the insulating substrate; and an opposed electrode pair 5 consisting of a pair of opposed electrodes 4 formed so as to be opposed to each other on at least either one of the top and bottom surfaces of the thin film thermistor portion, wherein a plurality of the opposed electrode pairs are provided and connected to one another in series. As a result, a voltage applied to a unit thermistor composed of one opposed electrode pair becomes 1/n fold, which can suppress the electrode corrosion due to humidity load.

Abstract: A resistive random access memory overcomes the low durability of the conventional resistive random access memory. The resistive random access memory includes a first electrode, a second electrode, an enclosing layer and an oxygen-containing resistance changing layer. The first and second electrodes are separate from each other. The enclosing layer forms a first via-hole. The oxygen-containing resistance changing layer is arranged for the first via-hole. The first and second electrodes and the enclosing layer jointly enclose the oxygen-containing resistance changing layer. Each of the first electrode, the second electrode and the enclosing layer is made of an element not containing oxygen.

Abstract: The temperature sensor includes an insulating film; a thin film thermistor portion which is formed on the surface of the insulating film with a thermistor material of TiAlN; the pair of interdigitated electrodes which have a plurality of comb portions and are pattern-formed on the thin film thermistor portion using a metal so as to face each other; and the pair of pattern electrodes which are pattern-formed on the surface of the insulating film and are connected to the pair of interdigitated electrodes, wherein at least a part of each of the pattern electrodes is formed of a conductive resin.

Abstract: A method includes measuring a leakage current through a particulate matter sample in a humidity chamber, the leakage current is measured as a relative humidity in the humidity chamber is incrementally increased, and plotting a logarithm of the measured leakage current as a function of the relative humidity. The plot of the logarithm of the measured leakage current as a function of the relative humidity has an inversion region, a low relative humidity region, and a high relative humidity region.

Abstract: A stacked moisture sensing device and urinary continence monitoring system are disclosed. The stacked moisture sensing device has at least a first media-sensor arrangement adjacent to a second media-sensor arrangement. In one embodiment, each of the media-sensor arrangements has a media layer with a first face, a second face and a side edge that extends between the faces wherein the media layers have differing hydrophilicities. Embedded in each media layer is a moisture sensor which can be a wired type tensor or a wireless RFID type sensor. The stacked moisture sensing device can be used in a variety of applications, such as for use in urinary continence monitoring and for use in shipping containers. In urinary continence monitoring applications, a data collection unit can be provided to acquire data from the sensors, which are located in an absorbent undergarment. Methods for locating the sensors within the absorbent undergarment are also disclosed.

Abstract: A moisture sensor for monitoring an access to a patient for a system by which, via a flexible line, a liquid is fed to and/or out from a patient, for monitoring the vascular access in extra-corporeal blood treatment or for monitoring a central venous catheter for acute dialysis, and a method of producing a moisture sensor are described. The moisture sensor has a substrate material with an electrically conductive structure having conductor paths arranged at a distance from one another and connected together across a terminating resistor. The terminating resistor is an electrically conductive film which is applied in a section of the substrate material on which are formed electrical contacting regions for connecting the terminating resistor to the conductor paths, such that an external terminating resistor is not required and the moisture sensor can be produced easily in large numbers complete with the terminating resistor.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate, an insulating film provided on a surface of the substrate, and a sensing film formed of a conductive material deposited on top of the insulating film. The sensing film defines at least one conductive path between a first position and a second position on the insulating film. A first circuit connection is electrically connected to the sensing film at the first position on the insulating layer, and a second circuit connection is electrically connected to the sensing film at the second position. A control circuit is operatively connected to the first circuit connection and the second circuit connection for measuring an electrical resistance of the sensing film. The sensing film has a thickness that enables a resistivity of the sensing film to be altered predictably in a manner that is dependent on ambient moisture content.

Abstract: A humidity sensor element includes a dielectric substrate, a nonporous conductive electrode disposed on the dielectric substrate, a permeable conductive electrode having a thickness in a range of from 4 to 10 nanometers and permeable by water vapor, and a detection layer disposed between the nonporous conductive electrode and the permeable conductive electrode. Both conductive electrodes have respective conductive leads attached thereto. The detection layer includes a sulfonated copolymer including monomeric units comprising (I) and (II), Wherein x and y are independently integers in the range of from 2 to 6, and wherein each M independently represents H or an alkali metal. A humidity sensor including the humidity sensor element is also disclosed.

Abstract: A sensor chip comprises a substrate (1) with a front side (11) and a back side (12), and an opening (13) in the substrate (1) reaching through from its back side (12) to its front side (11). A stack (2) of dielectric and conducting layers is arranged on the front side (11) of the substrate (1), a portion of which stack (2) spans the opening (13) of the substrate (1). Contact pads (32) are arranged at the front side (11) of the substrate (1) for electrically contacting the sensor chip. A sensing element (4) is arranged on the portion of the stack (2) spanning the opening (13) on a side of the portion facing the opening (13).

Abstract: The invention proposes a method for forming a vertical electrical connection (50) in a layered semiconductor structure (1), comprising the following steps: —providing (100) a layered semiconductor structure (1), said layered semiconductor structure (1) comprising: —a support substrate (20) including an first surface (22) and a second surface (24), —an insulating layer (30) overlying the first surface (22) of the support substrate (20), and —at least one device structure (40) formed in the insulating layer (30); and —drilling (300) a via (50) from the second surface of the support substrate (20) up to the device structure (40), in order to expose the device structure (40); characterized in that drilling (300) of the insulating layer is at least performed by wet etching (320).

Abstract: A refrigerating machine having tube-cooled evaporator & air-cooled evaporator includes a refrigerating device (1) and a defroster (4). The refrigerating device (1) includes a compressor (11), a condenser (12), a reservoir (13), a heat exchanger (14), a first refrigerating electromagnetic valve (15a), a first expansion valve (16a), a tube-cooled evaporator (2), a second refrigerating electromagnetic valve (15b), a second expansion valve (16b), an air-cooled evaporator (3), and a plurality of pipes (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, 10g). The defroster (4) includes a micro switch (41), a door-opening relay, a high/low pressure switch (43), a compressor electromagnetic switch, a delay relay (45), a set timer (46), a defrosting timer (47), a defrosting conversion contactor, and a defrosting resetting temperature switch (40).

Abstract: A humidity sensor includes a humidity detention section, a pad section, and a dam section. The humidity detention section includes a pair of detection electrodes facing each other on a predetermined surface of a substrate and a humidity-sensitive film covering the detection electrodes. The pad section is spaced from the humidity detection section on the surface and covered with a protection gel section. The dam section is located between the humidity detection section and the pad section on the surface. The dam section includes a dam wire that is made from the same material as the detection electrodes and a dam humidity-sensitive film that is made from the same material as the humidity-sensitive film and covers at least part of the dam wire.

Abstract: A method and system for providing an engine for producing mechanical energy through the absorption and evaporation of moisture uses a hygroscopic material in one or more configurations to do mechanical work. The hygroscopic material can include microbial spores, plant cells and cell materials, silk and hydrogel materials that absorb moisture and expand or swell when exposed to high relative humidity environments and shrink or return to nearly their original size or shape when exposed to low relative humidity environments wherein the moisture evaporates and is released. By exposing the hygroscopic material to a cycle of high relative humidity environments and low relative humidity environments, useful work can be done. One or more transmission elements can be used to couple the hygroscopic material to a generator that converts the mechanical energy to, for example, electrical energy.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing humidity from an enclosure includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a diode, a transistor, a battery, a first electrode and a second electrode, a relay coil, a first electric generator, a second electric generator, a dehumidifier, a direct circuit for operating the dehumidifier manually. The first electrode and second electrode are arranged on a base. The base is an insulator (non-conductive) and hence the electrodes are not connected by the base. The arrangement of the electrodes is such that the first electrode is spaced apart from the second electrode at a distance, preferably, less that 3 mm. The distance of less than 3 mm enables the water droplets to be collected between the two electrodes thereby connecting the first electrode to the second electrode.

Abstract: Methods and devices for determining sensing device usability, e.g., for self-monitoring and point of care devices. In one embodiment, the invention is to a method of determining device usability, comprising the steps of providing a device comprising a first electrical pad; a second electrical pad; and a humidity-responsive polymer layer contacting at least a portion of the first and second electrical pads; applying a potential across the first and second electrical pads; measuring an electrical property associated with the humidity-responsive polymer layer; and determining whether the measured electrical property associated with the humidity-responsive polymer layer has exceeded a humidity threshold level associated with the device usability.

Abstract: The invention relates to a humidity sensor including, as a humidity absorbent layer, a polymer layer including a blend including a first polyamide and a second polyamide, where the said second polyamide includes, in its repetitive units, a number of carbon atoms greater than that of the repetitive units of the first polyamide.

Abstract: A laundry dryer includes a drum. A moisture sensing system detects an average moisture content of launderable items as they are dried within the drum and provides a moisture signal to an electronic controller. A user interface presenting a setpoint selection element such that when a moisture setpoint is selected by a machine operator during a drying cycle, an operational state of the dryer machine is controlled by the electronic controller based on the moisture setpoint and the moisture signal.

Abstract: This invention relates to a polyelectrolyte composition for a humidity sensor, polyelectrolyte ink and a preparation method of a polyelectrolyte membrane for a humidity sensor by inkjet printing. The polyelectrolyte composition according to this invention is composed of polyelectrolyte, crosslinking agent and organic solvent comprising a single component or in the form of a mixture of two or more solvents such as alcohols. The object of this invention is to provide a polyelectrolyte composition and a polyelectrolyte ink composition suitable for humidity sensor and a preparation method for a reliable humidity sensor with uniform thickness achieved through inkjet printing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a humidity sensor comprising a sensor element, a molding, which preferably consists of a thermoplastic material or a two-component polyurethane, epoxy or silicone casting and which is adapted to adhere to the sensor element, a dead-space volume, which is arranged in connection with the sensor element and which is covered by a membrane. The membrane is attached to an external surface of the molding and is adapted to protect the sensor element from exposure to ambient moisture and dirt and allowing diffusion of ambient air gas molecules, like water vapor, into the dead-space volume. The dead-space volume is less than 100 mm3.

Abstract: A system and method for a resistor for detecting the relative level of moisture content in a humid environment. The resistor has a first layer of conductive material on a top surface of a substrate having a bend. The conductive material is exposed to atmospheric conditions. The first layer of conductive material has a static condition moisture content and a measurable electrical resistance that changes predictably when the amount of moisture content in contact with the first layer of conductive material changes from the static condition. The change of resistance of the first layer of conductive material corresponds to a change in the moisture content in contact with the first layer of electrically conductive material.

Abstract: A capacitive humidity sensor includes: a humidity sensing element; a substrate; and an insulation film. The humidity sensing element includes a pair of comb-shape electrodes and a humidity sensitive film. The comb-shape electrodes are surrounded by a dam provided by a part of the insulation film. The insulation film on the comb-shape electrodes has a first height. The part of the insulation film on the dam has a second height higher than the first height. The humidity sensitive film has a height equal to or lower than the second height, and is disposed inside of the dam. The dam further includes a first ring pattern made of a same material as the comb-shape electrodes.

Abstract: A moisture sensing apparatus, system and method. In general, a surface can be provided, and one or more conductor pairs located in a plane of the surface. Each conductor of the conductor pair(s) is insulated from one another. Water droplets forming on the conductor pair(s) thereby provide a quantifiable measurement of water on the surface. A controller can be electrically connected to the conductor pair(s), wherein the controller provides data indicative of whether or not the conductor pair is shorted.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for determining whether or not moisture appeared in a hidden place during a period T, the method comprising: (i) introducing to the hidden place a moisture sensitive element; the moisture sensitive element comprising: a) a dielectric substrate coated or impregnated with an intrinsically conducting polymer and b) probes connecting the substrate to a resistance meter; (ii) measuring and recording the electrical resistance of the substrate at two or more times during the period T; (iii) determining whether or not moisture appeared in the hidden place during the period T according to the changes in the electrical resistance of the moisture sensitive element that occurred during period T. The present invention further provides method and system for alerting against a possible appearance of corrosion in a hidden place, a moisture sensor for use in the method or system, and a method for producing a substrate comprised in such a moisture sensor.

Abstract: A microwave oven includes a magnetron to generate microwaves and a cooking chamber to contain food to be cooked using the generated microwaves. The microwave oven further includes a humidity detector to detect moisture formed from the food being cooked. The humidity detector is provided at air outlets of the cooking chamber, and includes first and second electrodes formed on a board to be space apart from each other at a predetermined interval to form a gap therebetween. The control unit of the microwave oven controls the cooking operation of the microwave oven according to the output of the humidity detector.

Abstract: The system comprises at least one electronic sensor for detecting the presence of moisture. The system further comprises at least one reading device for obtaining information from the sensor about the presence of moisture. The sensor comprises a resonant circuit which is at least partly formed from a moisture sensitive material, the electrical resistance of which increases when the material comes into contact with moisture. The reading device comprises transmitter-receiver means for generating an elecromagnetic interrogation field.

Abstract: A humidity sensor comprising an insulating substrate, a detection electrodes and a moisture-sensitive layer, wherein the moisture-sensitive layer is a porous layer and has a thickness not greater than 200 &mgr;m.

Abstract: The present invention relates in particular to a semiconductor component, such as especially a humidity sensor (200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800), which has a semiconductor substrate (101), like in particular of silicon, a first electrode (102) and a second electrode (202) and at least one first layer (101) that is accessible for a medium acting from the outside on the semiconductor component, the first layer being arranged at least partially between the first and the second electrode.

Abstract: A method for producing thin film sensors that includes applying a sensor structure to a front of a glass substrate so as to define a combination, connecting a support on a front of the combination. The method further includes removing a portion of the glass substrate over a large surface from a direction directed from a back of the combination down to a final thickness (d) of the glass substrate and releasing a connection between the support and the combination.

Abstract: In a humidity sensor device comprising a pair of opposed electrodes disposed on an insulating substrate to define a gap therebetween and a humidity sensitive thin film lying on the gap, the humidity sensitive thin film is a thin film comprising a polymer or copolymer obtained from a monomer of formula (1), and formation of the humidity sensitive thin film is optionally combined with treatment of the insulating substrate by physical means. A humidity sensor device for detecting and determining moisture in the surrounding atmosphere which has improved water resistance, solvent resistance, and gas resistance, and exhibits stable output performance in a wide humidity region without hysteresis is provided as well as a method for preparing the same.

Abstract: A humidity sensor comprising an insulating substrate, a detection electrodes and a moisture-sensitive layer, wherein the moisture-sensitive layer is a porous layer and has a thickness not greater than 200 &mgr;m.

Abstract: A photosensitive media cartridge includes an ambient condition sensor mounted in the cartridge for sensing ambient conditions in the cartridge. When the cartridge is positioned at a media transfer position on an image-forming device that permits the conveyance of media from the cartridge to the image-forming device, image development or printing on the media in the image-forming device is controlled based on the sensed ambient conditions in the cartridge. The ambient condition sensor includes a cover layer and a conductive layer, wherein a rate of response to ambient conditions of the cover layer matches rate of response to ambient conditions of the photosensitive media to be developed. As a further option, the media itself can include a conductive layer so that the media can be the sensor.

Abstract: A humidity sensor including an insulating substrate, and a lower electrode formed from a noble metal, a moisture sensitive layer formed of a porous body predominantly containing alumina and containing predetermined amounts of TiO2 and SnO2 and an upper electrode formed of a noble metal porous body successively formed on the insulating substrate. The upper electrode is connected to the moisture sensitive layer and a portion of the insulating substrate. Preferably, the lower electrode is formed of a porous body. More preferably, the lower and upper electrodes are formed from Pt. Furthermore, preferably, a heater and a temperature measurement resistor are provided in the insulating substrate and are located directly below the moisture sensitive layer.

Abstract: A moisture sensor includes a moisture-sensitive film between a pair of electrodes having conductive particles dispersed in a hygroscopic polymer. The hygroscopic polymer is a polymer comprising a polyether amine, an epoxy compound, and optionally a water-soluble nylon. Alternatively, the hygroscopic polymer is a polyether ester amide and optionally a water-soluble nylon. The sensor enables DC measurement, can detect a humidity in the range of RH 60% to 100%, and ensures high performance stability against repetitive operations.

Abstract: A system for the detection of the presence of undesirable moisture and drops or droplets of liquid effusing from piping systems at the first stage of appearance, comprising a low-battery alert, provision for the device to remain operative for at least 48 hours before the battery power is depleted, and sensitivity such that the presence of any unwarranted source of humidity will activate the alarm, including moisture from the proximity of the sweat of humans and from unwarranted pipe sweating (such as the cumulative effect thereof may cause water damage) will activate the alarm, alert the operator of the system to the onset of the problem, save energy, water, pumps, boilers, pipes and property, from intrusion and damage, and allow for the restoration of plumbing systems in a minimum of time. The versatility, simplicity in operating, and miniaturization of the system is such that the device may be placed in multiple, remote areas of complex piping that confound access to a larger-sized system.

Abstract: In a gas sensor which uses CuO as a p-type semiconductor, by adding Na.sub.2 CO.sub.3 in excess of 1 wt % relative to CuO, sensitivity to gases such as H.sub.2, NO, NO.sub.2 and SO.sub.2 is suppressed, whereby selectivity for CO is increased. Sensitivity to CO.sub.2 can also be obtained. In addition, by adding a sodium salt of tungstic acid or molybdic acid, CO.sub.2 sensitivity can be made lower than the CO sensitivity, and CO gas in the exhaust gases discharged from gas-fired water heaters or other combustion equipment can be selectively detected. It is therefore possible to detect incomplete combustion.

Abstract: A moisture sensitive film having conductive particles dispersed in a hygroscopic polymer is disposed between a pair of electrodes to construct a moisture sensor. The hygroscopic polymer is a modified polyvinyl alcohol which is obtained by saponifying a polymer comprising vinyl ester units and 0.1 to 15 mol % of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid units such that the vinyl ester units are saponified to a degree of at least 30 mol %. The moisture sensor has improved condensing/drying cycle performance and moisture resistance.

Abstract: A coating for the structured production of conductors on the surface of electrically insulating substrates, in particular for producing sensor elements and printed circuit boards. The coating is formed from a doped tin oxide layer having the composition Sn.sub.1-(y+z) A.sub.y B.sub.z O.sub.2, in which A is Sb or F and B is In or Al. The relative proportions in the coating of the dopants antimony (or fluorine) and indium (or aluminum) are defined by the limits 0.02<y+z<0.11 and satisfy the condition 1.4<y/z<2.2. The coating can be structured by ablation using electromagnetic laser radiation in the wavelength range 157-1064 nm. The creates an economical means for high resolution and waste-free structuring of insulating channels in thin, electrically conductive layers having high chemical, mechanical and thermal resistance on glass or ceramic substrates.

Abstract: A dew sensor used in a video tape recorder, and the like, can be mounted on a printed circuit board remote from the cylinder. A pair of electrodes are formed on an insulated substrate, a moisture sensing material is disposed on the insulated substrate containing the pair of electrodes, and conductive powder is dispersed therein. The moisture sensing material is produced by reaction of a moisture absorbing resin having a hydrophilic group and an epoxy group, and a hardener containing a hydrazine derivative having a hydantoin skeleton, and, optionally, a long chain diamine compound.