Abstract: Various systems and methods of handling items such as files are disclosed, including systems and methods for polling RFID-tagged items while they are stored in storage areas.

Abstract: An ultra low power, low complexity, low collision, deterministic modulation method that also works as a massive medium access mechanism for communication systems is based on positioning data in a communication resource space, such as time and frequency, such that the position of a symbol in that space determines its value and its access to the medium. The number base of the symbol is determined by the size of the subset of the resource space it is positioning itself in and, thereby, a few sparsely located symbols can convey a large value, while the remainder of the space can be simultaneously and massively used by other sparsely resource using members of the network.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for secure communications of confidential information are provided. In an embodiment, a method of communicating with a population of radio frequency identification tags includes transmitting a first interrogation signal, receiving a response to the first interrogation signal from at least one RFID tag at a first received signal strength including at least a portion of a first identification code, and transmitting a second interrogation signal that includes a request for confidential information, a command to transmit a response to the second interrogation signal at a secure power level, and the first identification code. In another embodiment, a method for communicating with an RFID tag includes receiving an interrogation signal that includes a request for confidential information and transmitting a response to the interrogation signal at a secure power level. The response includes the confidential information.

Abstract: For detecting a blocker RFID tag, the following steps are conducted. First, a random identifier of a given bit length is created. Alternatively, an identifier is selected out of a probing set, which is stored on a data storage device. The probing set comprises of identifiers, which are not being used as identifiers for a given set of RFID tags. In a second step, a response from all RFID tags is requested having an identifier matching the random identifier or, respectively, the selected identifier. In a third step, it is determined, depending on receiving or not receiving a response, whether the blocker RFID tag is present.

Abstract: A card system of a magnetic card which reduces investment costs for switching over a card infrastructure and transmits/receives a data of a contactless smart card and information representing the state of the contactless smart card only by changing software is provided. Based on the communication result with the contactless smart card 17 through a communication part 2, the information of the contactless smart card 17 or the information representing the state of the contactless smart card 17 are output with different formats or different timing charts, respectively, and are output through an I/F part 3 with a specification equal to that of an output signal of a magnetic card reader.

Abstract: Deployment of an RFID system in a business entails a thorough analysis of the 3-dimensional topography in which it is deployed. A deployment field may have multiple floors, multiple entries, multiple exits, and multiple zones and fronts. A graphical deployment application, or visual design tool, provides a graphical representation of the deployment area. Such an application allows visual manipulation of the RFID components in the area to generate realtime graphical feedback about the operation of the dynamically configured deployment. The graphical user interface (GUI) based application receives parameters and variables defining the deployment area and the attributes of the transceivers and transponders for deployment therein. The application identifies a zone of readability of transponders in an area and visually displays such a zone along with the RFID components to determine placement of transceivers accordingly.

Abstract: System and methods for optimizing communications between an RFID reader and a population of tags are described. To minimize the amount of data exchanges, the reader and tags use non-sequential bit string or byte masking. In non-sequential bit string masking, the reader transmits an interrogation mask having a plurality of non-sequential sub-masks to the tags. During subsequent collection of the identification sequence, the reader and tags only exchange the non-masked bit positions. The interrogation mask can be determined using superposition processing, historical tendencies, or known identification and/or subset of identification ranges. During superposition processing, the reader determines whether a bit position contains a single value or multiple values for tags in the tag population. If the bit position contains a single value, the bit position is designated as masked. If the bit position contains multiple values, the bit position is designated as non-masked.

Abstract: A bidirectional radio frequency identification (RFID) network system and method are presented. The system allows users to configure, monitor, and manage different sensor devices by using a graphical user interface real-time. The reconfiguration is done through a network management computer at the top system level that receives user input, generates code images according to the user input, and appropriately routes the code images to sensor routers that directly control the sensors. If the system is multi-layered, some code images are also sent to the intermediate-level network management computers. The system allows users to not only monitor a business flow but react to problematic situations quickly by adjusting the workflow. The aspect-oriented nature of the system allows users to reconfigure the system based only the Functionality aspects without worrying about the Partitioning aspects (e.g., how the network and the sensors are physically connected).

Abstract: A radio frequency identification transponder includes a power supply and a dynamic memory array that stores data. When power from the power supply ceases, the data in the dynamic memory array is validly maintained for a predetermined period of time. The dynamic memory array is responsive to an interrogating signal for selectively updating the data. A radio frequency identification transponder includes a signal processor that extracts an identifier from the interrogation signal and is responsive to the identifier and the stored data to determine whether some or all of the identifier is stored in the dynamic memory array.

Abstract: A method and system for reading and identifying RFID tags of the invention is disclosed. The invention is capable of registering and storing information of a plurality of RFID tags attached to objects of the same group into a memory block of at least a specified RFID reader or RFID tag. The invention is also capable of enabling at least a specified RFID reader/tag in response to a first inquiry of an interrogator by transmitting each identification code of the plurality of RFID tags to the interrogator for acknowledgement. The method is capable of achieving the objective of reducing the overall communication time as the reader does not have to inquire one by one to the RFID tags to save the number of times of communication between the inquiry of the reader and the response of the RFID tags. In addition, the reading rate of the RFID system can be improved effectively since at least one of the RFID tags can function as a spokesman for those RFID tags hidden deeply inside a pile of the objects of the group.

Abstract: Described is system and method for RFID tag communication including transmitting a command signal in a time slot to a plurality of wireless communication devices, the command signal indicating initiation of an identification process for identifying each of the wireless devices, the identification process including a plurality of time slots and computing a probability that a subsequent command signal transmitted in a subsequent time slot will cause only one of the wireless devices to transmit a response signal in the subsequent time slot.

Abstract: A remote control for a garage door opener includes a transmitter for transmitting electromagnetic signals and at least one manual actuator. The transmitter can be arranged in flexible mounting areas inside or outside the motor vehicle and can be spatially separate from the manual actuator. To this end, the invention provides a remote garage door opener that is integrated into the control system that is present in a motor vehicle in such a manner that the manual actuator and the transmitter device are linked with each other via at least one control device that is located in the motor vehicle.

Abstract: There is disclosed an information processing system having plural IC tags (e.g. RFID tags), each of which transmits back a signal in response to an interrogatory signal sent from a cell phone acting as an interrogator. The information processing system includes the RFID tags and the cell phone. The cell phone transmits an interrogatory signal to the tags to read information from the tags. Each tag receiving the interrogatory signal transmits positional information stored in the tag to the cell phone in response to the interrogatory signal. The cell phone transmits a specific interrogatory signal including at least one of the transmitted sets of positional information. Each tag receiving the specific interrogatory signal makes a decision as to whether the positional information contained in the specific interrogatory signal matches the positional information stored in the tag itself.

Abstract: An interconnect communication system is provided that provides for dispatch-type services including Instant Access call set up, talkgroup creation and management, and in-band floor arbitration and mode switching that employ in-band signaling tones. By providing talkgroup creation and management and in-band floor arbitration that are transparent to the underlying network, the talkgroup creation and management and in-band floor arbitration may be implemented in a legacy system without the need to modify the network and regardless of the type of network employed. Furthermore, by providing Instant Access call set up procedures and mode switching procedures that are capable of utilizing modified versions of known messages, the procedures may be implemented in a legacy system in a simplified manner, minimizing the impact of an addition of such procedures to a legacy network.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for use in an RFID system comprising a plurality of RFID devices and at least one reader which communicates with one or more of the devices. In accordance with an aspect of the invention, identifiers transmitted by the RFID devices are received by the reader. The system determines a classification of at least one of the received identifiers, and implements a privacy policy for data associated with one or more of the received identifiers based at least in part on the determined classification. For example, the given RFID device may be configurable into at least a first state indicative of a first classification, such as a private classification, and a second state indicative of a second classification, such as a public classification. The reader may alter a type of query that it issues based at least in part on the determined classification.

Abstract: A method for identifying objects using an interrogation device on a communication channel is disclosed. Each object has an identification number in the form of a plurality of digits and has the ability to communicate to the interrogating device at least two different predetermined responses to indicate the value of the digits contained in its identification number. The objects are activated, and a single digit from currently activated objects is interrogated, and each object sends one of the predetermined responses. The value of the received responses is recorded, and those objects which responded with any but one of the at least two different messages are signaled to enter a deactivated state when two of the at least two different messages are received. The sequence of responses transmitted and received thus far for those objects placed in the deactivated state are recorded. Objects will no longer respond until the step of activating is repeated.

Abstract: RFID reader systems, software and methods precompute one or more reader commands, before a tag actually responds to an earlier transmitted command. This way a system can result at a high data rate, while meeting specification requirements of responding within a preset time.

Abstract: A disclosed system includes electronic tags and a communication apparatus that communicates with the electronic tags and includes management information to manage the electronic tags. In the disclosed system, each of the electronic tags contains an ID a part of which represents one of group IDs identifying groups among the electronic tags and is configured to send a response when a request sent from the communication apparatus contains a corresponding one of the group IDs; and the communication apparatus is configured to send requests one by one each of which requests contains one of the group IDs, thereby to request the electronic tags group by group to send responses to the communication apparatus, and to recreate the management information based on the responses.

Abstract: A reader identifies tags without requiring or determining whether a response to an interrogation was a single response from a single tag or multiple responses from multiple tags. A method is performed by a tag in an identification system, and the method includes receiving a first data from a reader, and correlating the first data with a first corresponding portion of the tag's identification code, and specifying a match if the first data matches the first corresponding portion, and receiving second data which, combined with the first data, is correlated with a second corresponding portion of the tag's identification code.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and system for the management of subscriber functions in a digital telephone exchange. According to the invention, the functions for default subscribers are stored in and read from default records common to the subscribers, and only the functions for special subscribers are stored in and read from subscriber-specific records. The invention allows significantly faster execution of operations applying to subscriber functions.

Abstract: The present invention is a personal programmable universal remote control apparatus comprising an input module receptive of command sets operable to control devices. The apparatus further comprises an interface module receptive of manual input from a user, and an organization module operable to organize the command sets into groups based on the manual input. The apparatus further comprises an output module operable to communicate commands to the devices based on the groups. According to one aspect, the groups are operable to define operating conditions for interrelated devices based on at least one of user preference and intelligence regarding device interactions. According to another aspect, the groups are operable to define a command sequence operable to perform an action requiring one or more devices that involves use of multiple commands of the associated command sets.

Abstract: This invention relates to radio frequency identification (RFID) apparatus comprising a reader/writer and transponders (tags) such that 2 or more transponders are capable of operating simultaneously in the same field so that information in the form of data bits may be received from or sent to the tags without corruption.

Abstract: Embodiments enable controlling a proximity transaction between first and second communications devices, each of which is provided with a short-range transceiver. In an exemplary embodiment, the first communications device has an RF/ID reader, and the second communications device has an RF/ID tag, the RF/ID tag containing the same identifier information as the second communications device. The second communications device is positioned within the range of the reader of the first communications device. Then, the transceiver of the second communications device transmits a transaction request and the identifies information of that device to the first communications device. The reader of the first communications device then interrogates the tag of the second communications device and the transaction is completed upon the reader of the first communications device receiving identifier information from the tag of the second communications device that is identical to the identifier information already received.

Abstract: A method, system, and apparatus for interrogating a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag population are described. Tags are interrogated by a reader. The reader and tags engage in communication according to binary traversal algorithms, where single bit data symbols are exchanged between the reader and tags. Furthermore, a reader implicitly controls the operating state of every tag in the tag population by transmitting a single data symbol. Bit patterns may be collected from the tags by the reader, using a variety of interrogation techniques. In a general interrogation, the reader exchanges symbols with the tag population to interrogate the entire tag population. In a specific interrogation, a reader exchanges symbols with the tag population to target a particular tag identification number. Tags may also be placed in a superposition state by the reader, where they respond whenever a received data symbol matches the next bit of their identification number.

Abstract: A method for controlling an electromagnetic field generation terminal using a signal for exciting an oscillating circuit, provided with circuitry for regulating the signal phase in the oscillating circuit, including comparing current values of variables linked to the current in the oscillating circuit and to the voltage thereacross with predetermined values, to detect the presence of a transponder in the electromagnetic field.

Abstract: A method and system for optimizing an interrogation of a tag population that includes a plurality of tags, wherein each of the plurality of tags is assigned a tag address includes determining a tag population size; selecting one of a plurality of efficiency profiles that matches the determined tag population size; and defining a plurality of interrogation read cycles according to the selected efficiency profile.

Abstract: An RFID system comprises an RFID reader configured to issue an RF command requesting that RF tags identify themselves, and to issue timing information defining a plurality of timeslots; and a plurality of RF tags in selective communication with the reader, the RF tags having respective IDs, respective tags being configured to randomly select a timeslot in which to reply to the RF command, and to issue an RF reply in response to the RF command in the randomly selected timeslot, the RF reply including a frequency pattern to assist in identifying the tag but not the tag's entire ID, different tags having different frequency patterns.

Abstract: A new and improved method for supervising and monitoring people from a remote location comprising the use of a communication system that builds upon telecommunications connections, computer interfaces, and information management via the internet. Strategically placed web cams, microphones, speakers, and display monitors are operatively linked to computers and information management means, and are used to permit a person in a remote location to view and listen to people in a plurality of active locations to verbally or visually prompt responses to inquiries or directives. The people in the active locations may also interact via these same interconnections to the person at the remote location. Touch screen technology may be included for purposes of automated supervision of tasks performed to accomplish a particular routine by the people in the active locations.

Abstract: A method of communicating information from first and second transponders (or multiple transponders) to a central monitoring device, and a communications apparatus, are disclosed. The method includes receiving a starting indication at the transponders, determining start times for the transponders in response to that indication, and transmitting first and second sets of bursts from the first and second transponders, respectively. The bursts of the first set occur at at least some of a first set of potential transmission times within an interrogation period, and the bursts of the second set occur at at least some of a second set of potential transmission times during that period. Each of the potential transmission times of the burst sets are respectively determined in relation to the start times of the respective transponders. The potential transmission times of the respective burst sets are separated from one another by one of a bit-cell period and a multiple thereof.

Abstract: In a wireless code-division multiple access (CDMA) system (100), a talkgroup (101) of subscriber units is provided. A sub-talkgroup (102) of subscriber units, forming a part of the talkgroup is assigned at least one inbound channel (416-417). The talkgroup is assigned outbound channels (415). Members of the sub-talkgroup may simultaneously transmit voice information (410-411) using the at least one inbound channel, which voice information is summed (412) and re-transmitted to the talkgroup using the outbound channels. Voice information is summed so that an individual talker receives summed voice information without the individual subscriber's voice content. Subscriber units in the sub-listengroup are allowed to transmit voice information only after requesting, and receiving, an additional inbound channel.

Abstract: A Write Broadcast system and method uses a base station to write sent data to all or some selected number (sub group) of tags in a base station field simultaneously. By unselecting the tags that have been successfully written to, and requesting a response from the remaining tags in the field (or sub group), the system determines, by receiving a response to the request, that there are tags in the field (sub group) that were unsuccessfully written to. Another Write Broadcast signal is sent to these tags. The system is useful for quickly (simultaneously) “stamping” information on the tag memory of a large number of tags in the field of the base station.

Abstract: A terminal for generating a high-frequency electromagnetic field by an oscillating circuit, adapted to cooperating with at least one transponder when the transponder enters this field, and a method for establishing a communication between the devices, including circuitry for regulating the signal phase in the oscillating circuit with respect to a reference value and circuitry for evaluating, based on a measurement of the current in the oscillating circuit, the minimum number of transponders present in the field.

Abstract: A transponder identification system comprising a plurality of transponders and an interrogation device arranged to identify each of the transponders by transmitting successive interrogation signals according to a systematic search strategy, wherein the search is truncated where the interrogation device receives fewer than a predetermined number of different responses from the transponders, to a transmitted interrogation signal.

Abstract: The invention features a method and system for identifying a plurality of tags using an efficient memoryless protocol. The system includes a reader and a plurality of tags. The reader is adapted to maintain an ordered set of query strings; select a string from the set of query strings; broadcast a query message containing the selected string or a portion of the selected string to the tags; and receive a response from one of the tags. The tags operate without batteries and are adapted to respond to the selected string broadcast by the reader. Accordingly, the tag identification methods are efficient in terms of both time and communication complexities.

Abstract: During a communication operation in a transponder system, consisting of a write/read station (1) and at least one transponder (2), a selection data block (SDB) is transmitted from the station (1) to at least one transponder (2) and, in response to the received selection data block (SDB), at least one transponder (2) transmits an identification data block (IDB) to the station (1), after which the station (1) transmits, in response to the identification data block (IDB), an acknowledge data block (QDB) to a transponder (2), the bit configuration of the acknowledge data block (QDB) being formed while using only a part (PM1) of the identification data block (IDB) associated with a transponder (2).

Abstract: A method and system for identifying a plurality of transponders in an interrogation involves transmitting an interrogation signal to the transponders and receiving, at a reader, response signals from the transponders. Each transponder period, and alters the maximum length of the waiting period during the interrogation process.

Abstract: A selective call messaging system delivers (602, 604, 606) a master message (324) addressed to a first group of subscriber units (102) and a corresponding records message (326) addressed to a second group of subscriber units. The records message comprises a record (514). A subscriber unit of the second group presents (736) a subscriber-customized group message (332) to a user. The subscriber-customized group message is formed (722, 726, 730, 734) from the master message and from at least one of the record, and local information (328) stored in the subscriber unit.

Abstract: Systems and methods for efficiently querying and identifying multiple items on a communication channel are disclosed. The inventions preferably uses radio frequency identification with interrogation devices and systems that identify radio frequency identification transponders. A depth-first tree traversal protocol algorithm, including commands and symbols, is used to more efficiently interrogate a plurality of transponders in a short amount of time.

Abstract: A Write Broadcast system and method uses a base station to write sent data to all or some selected number (sub group) of tags in a base station field simultaneously. By unselecting the tags that have been successfully written to, and requesting a response from the remaining tags in the field (or sub group), the system determines, by receiving a response to the request, that there are tags in the field (sub group) that were unsuccessfully written to. Another Write Broadcast signal is sent to these tags. The system is useful for quickly (simultaneously) “stamping” information on the tag memory of a large number of tags in the field of the base station.

Abstract: A method and system for resolving contentions among passive identification tags. A reader may divide a possible range of tag values into a number of smaller ranges. For each smaller range, the reader may then poll the tags to determine which tags have tag values that fall within the smaller range. If more than one tag responds simultaneously, then the reader may further divide the smaller range into even smaller ranges and poll the tags with respect to those even smaller ranges. Once the range partition gets small enough, the reader may then opt to poll the tags for a match of each possible value in the range, rather than partitioning further. This arrangement enables the reader to efficiently identify tags, by quickly eliminating from analysis any range of tag values to which no tags match or only one tag matches.

Abstract: A tagging system includes a tag reader and a plurality of RFID tags. The tag reader addresses a group of RFID tags, and the group of RFID tags is a subset of the plurality of RFID tags. Each of the RFID tags in the plurality of RFID tags has a unique identifier. The tag reader transmits a group address having first and second sets of data elements. The data elements in the first set of data elements are substantially equal in value to corresponding ones of the data elements in the identifiers of the group of RFID tags. The data elements in the second set of data elements represent any value for corresponding ones of the data elements in the identifiers of the group of RFID tags. Only the RFID tags having corresponding data elements in their identifiers that match the first set of data elements in the group address respond.

Abstract: A method manages collisions in a system for interchanging data between portable objects and at least one terminal suitable for co-operating with a plurality of the portable objects simultaneously. The terminal sends out call messages to the portable objects. A portable object conditionally sends a message to the terminal in response to the call with a probability that may be less than 100%, the response containing an identifier specific to the portable object. The receiver receives a response from an identified portable object and in absence of the response colliding with a response sent out by another portable object, a specific data communication link is established between the terminal and the identified portable object. The portable object modulates the probability of response over time depending on whether or not it has itself already responded previously to a call message sent out by the terminal.

Abstract: A modulated backscatter communication system (e.g., an Electronic Shelf Label (ESL) system) includes a central node (e.g., a ceiling node) and one or more remote nodes (e.g., ESL tags). The central node transmits a downlink radio signal which is reflectively modulated at a remote node to produce a modulated reflected radio signal. At the remote node, a precise-frequency subcarrier signal is modulated with an uplink information signal to produce a modulated signal which is used to produce the modulated reflected radio signal. At the central node, the modulated reflected radio signal is received, detected and narrowband filtered to obtain the modulated subcarrier signal which is then demodulated to obtain the uplink information signal, with great immunity to close to carrier downlink radio noise and fluorescent light backscatter interference.

Abstract: A method handles collisions in a data interchange between portable objects and at least one data transceiver. The method includes the steps of the transceiver transmitting to said plurality of portable objects general call messages, each including a collision probability modulation parameter. Each portable object conditionally transmits to the transceiver a general call response with a probability of less than 100% as a function of the collision probability modulation parameter and having a specific identifier. The transceiver receives a general call response message, and in the absence of any collision between said message and a message transmitted by another portable object, a specific data communication link is established. Otherwise the method returns to the first step and repeats, optionally modifying the dynamic range of the probability modulation parameter.

Abstract: An inventory control system for keeping track of inventory objects stored in a storage location. Each inventory object has an object circuit with a receiving antenna, a crystal with a specific resonant frequency, a rectifier for deriving D.C. power from R.F. signals of the same frequency received by the antenna, a unique identifier stored in non-volatile memory, a decoder for decoding identifier information contained in the received R.F signals, a transmitter and antenna for generating acknowledgment signals when an R.F signal of the same frequency as the crystal contains a matching identifier, and a microprocessor for controlling the active elements of the object circuit. A system generator generates search signals having a frequency component which specifies the class of objects under search and one or more identifier components which identify the objects being sought.

Abstract: An RF transponder identification system with an interrogator operable to transmit a plurality of marker signals and a plurality of transponder. Each transponder has a random number associated therewith, a counter counting the number of marker signals received from the interrogator and transmission means to transmit an identification code when the number of marker signals received by the transponder equals the random number associated with the transponder.

Abstract: Two different types of data transfer are provided. The first type of data transfer takes place between a data transfer device and each individual measuring point. This first type of data transfer requires close physical relation between the data transfer device and the measuring point. The measuring point is provided with a marker, or a marker is retrieved, within the framework of this data transfer. Then a second type of data transfer between a central control and the measuring point is realized. Measurement data, control data, and, if necessary, configuration data are transferred within the framework of this second data transfer. The marker can be made application specific or sample specific by means of this procedure of the measurement arrangement, that is, it is possible to allocate markers which refer to the application. Furthermore, the measurement arrangement makes sample management and documentation possible without expensive editing processes.

Abstract: A method and system is provided for automatically adjusting a radio frequency communication system to define the spatial dimensions of a read zone and no-read zone using programmable checktags. The system comprises a controller adapted to send and receive data from two subsets of a plurality of transponders. The first subset of transponders is located in a spatial read zone, and the second subset of transponders is located in a spatial no-read zone. The system automatically adjusts transmission parameters to ensure that only the first subset of transponders is able to be read.

Abstract: A method identifying a set of transponders situated in the interrogation field of analysis apparatus, with each transponder storing a different identity code. The analysis apparatus first transmits data, and each unidentified transponder compares this data with a portion of its own identity code, which portion is selected by the analysis apparatus, and then transmits in a time window, selected at least as a function of the result of the comparison. The analysis apparatus, then receives the data transmitted by the transponders, determines whether data enables any of the transponders identity codes. The analysis apparatus then emits modified data so that after a finite number of iterations the data causes each of the transponders to transmit data enabling the individual transponder's identity code to be determined.

Abstract: A method for the identification of electronic cards within an investigation zone includes encoding an identification number on M bits distributed into P blocks of Q bits assigned to each electronic card. Reconstruction of the block-by-block identification numbers is performed according to a tree-like iterative algorithm. In this iterative algorithm, each iteration includes a step for transmitting an interrogation message intended for certain electronic cards. Each iteration also includes a step for transmitting, by each of the electronic cards, a response message having a service bit in a narrow time window whose positioning in a sequence of 2Q successive identical windows indicates the value of an as yet unidentified block of bits of its identification number.