Abstract: Embodiments of the present application generally relate to controlling ingress/egress through entryway devices. More particularly, but not exclusively, embodiments of the present invention relate to attaining confirmation of intent relating to access to a controlled opening. According to certain embodiments, the credential device and/or the user of the credential device is prompted to provide a response, or otherwise is to perform certain actions, that can demonstrate a confirmation of intent to gain access to the controlled opening. Such responses and/or actions can be evaluated to determine authority to gain access to the controlled opening. Further, such intent confirmation events may, depending on the embodiment, be performed before or after credential information is communicated from the credential device and/or before or after pairing of the access control device and the credential device.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to radio frequency identification (RFID)-based communications technologies. In one aspect, a radio-frequency-based communications apparatus includes an antenna, a near field communication (NFC) radio frequency module and an electronic product code (EPC) radio frequency module separately connected to the antenna, an NFC processing module connected to the NFC radio frequency module, and an EPC processing module connected to the EPC radio frequency module. The NFC radio frequency module and the NFC processing module are configured to process signals transmitted according to one or more predetermined NFC protocols. The EPC radio frequency module and the EPC processing module are configured to process signals transmitted according to one or more predetermined EPC protocols.

Abstract: An electrosurgical energy delivery apparatus includes an energy delivery circuit, a control circuit and an energy-harvesting system with a plurality of energy-harvesting circuits and a voltage regulator that provides a regulated DC voltage to the energy delivery circuit and/or the control circuit. The energy delivery circuit receives an electrosurgical energy signal having a primary frequency and selectively provides the electrosurgical energy signal to an energy delivery element. The control circuit connects to the energy delivery circuit and selectively enables the flow of electrosurgical energy to the energy delivery element. The plurality of energy-harvesting circuits each include an energy-harvesting antenna tuned to a particular frequency, a matched circuit configured to receive an RF signal from the energy-harvesting antenna, rectify the RF signal and generate a DC signal, and an energy storage device that connects to the voltage regulator to receive and store the DC signal.

Abstract: The system includes a rail mountable to a wall, such as a wall along a hallway in a medical care environment. A cart movable along a floor adjacent to the wall is fitted with an anchor. The anchor is located at the rail, the anchor configured so that it releasably engages the rail, so that the cart can be secured to the rail when not in use. In at least some embodiments, a power source is located within the rail and a power coupler is provided on the cart which is adjacent to the power source in the rail and electrically coupled to the power source, for transmission of power from the power source in the rail to the cart, when of the anchor on the cart is attached to the rail. Thus, the cart is both anchored and recharged simultaneously in such embodiments.

Abstract: Data storage facilities that provide data storage services are typically arranged as either individually accessible drive facilities or multi-carrier drive facilities, but both types must contend with hardware failures that require storage device (e.g., drives) to be replaced. Multi-carrier drive facilities generally have greatly increased drive density, but are confronted with challenges with respect to service operations that are not present for facilities with individually accessible drives. For example, replacing a faulted storage device can entail bringing the faulted storage device as well as other (e.g., non-faulted) storage devices offline during the service operation, which can impact the data storage services. Techniques that improve service for multi-carrier drive facilities are presented. Such techniques can improve coordination between elements that manage the storage facility and those that provide service to faulted storage elements.

Abstract: A radio frequency identification (RFID) tag. In one embodiment, an RFID tag includes an integrated circuit die. The integrated circuit die includes circuitry configured to store information and transmit the stored information responsive to reception of a radio frequency (RF) signal. The integrated circuit die also includes an antenna coupled to the circuitry. The antenna is configured to transmit and receive RFID signals. Further, the antenna and the interconnects of the circuitry are formed of a same metal, and fabricated using a same semiconductor process.

Abstract: One embodiment provides a storage controller. The storage controller includes host data segmentation logic to divide, in response to a write command from a host domain to write a data payload to a storage device, the data payload into a plurality of data segments; cyclic redundancy check (CRC) encode logic to generate a CRC code for each data segment; and CRC reordering encode logic to assign each CRC code to another data segment among the plurality of data segments.

Abstract: A signal responding method includes: receiving a carrier signal with a frequency of 125 KHz via an antenna with a resonance frequency of 13.56 MHz; amplifying the carrier signal and performing analog-to-digital conversion on the amplified carrier signal to obtain a digital signal; acquiring, according to the digital signal, a signal characteristic of the carrier signal which comprises at least a frequency and a phase; and encoding response data at the frequency of the carrier signal to obtain an encoded signal, determining an initial phase to output the encoded signal based on the phase of the carrier signal, and outputting the encoded signal via the antenna, such that the encoded signal and the carrier signal are superposed at a same phase.

Abstract: Described herein is a method for and a device configured to generate an energy amount via a received magnetic field. A sensor may be configured to generate an output voltage based on a sensor reading by using a portion of the energy amount and a diode biased in its active region via a resistor may generate an operating voltage to shift the output voltage into a positive region. The resistor may be configured to modify an operating voltage of the diode by using a portion of the energy amount. An analog to digital converter may be configured to receive a combined voltage or to combine received voltages to convert a combined voltage such that a combined voltage is the output voltage shifted by or added to the operating voltage. A transmitter may transmit a sensor output based on the combined voltage by using a portion of the energy amount.

Abstract: A system for testing trainline communications includes a command test box, a remote test box, and a controller. The command test box is coupled to a first electric coupler at a first end of a consist including one or more cars of a railroad train. The command test box applies a test signal to the first electric coupler and wirelessly transmits an indication of the test signal. The remote test box is coupled to a second electric coupler at a second end of the consist, and determines whether the test signal is present at the second electric coupler and wirelessly transmits an indication of the test signal. The controller communicates wirelessly with the test boxes to determine whether the test signal has successfully traversed the consist.

Abstract: A smart tag reading system is provided that has the ability to query sensor tags that have energy harvesting capability. In one embodiment, an adaptive reader system learns the state of each tag and how long the tag takes to charge. Tags that charge relatively quickly can be accessed more frequently. Others that do not charge as quickly, readings can be performed at much longer intervals allowing the tag a longer time to gather enough energy to complete the transaction. The reader query system can then adapt to the environment and state of the individual tags.

Abstract: An asset tag apparatus and methods of monitoring assets with an asset tag are provided. The asset tag apparatus includes a housing and a wireless transmitter located within the housing. A processor is located within the housing, wherein the processor is in communication with the wireless transmitter. An accelerometer is positioned within the housing, wherein the accelerometer is in communication with the processor, wherein a wake-up signal is transmitted from the accelerometer to the processor in response to an activation of the accelerometer, and wherein the wireless transmitter transmits a signal externally from the housing in response to the wake-up signal received by the processor.

Abstract: An incontinence detection pad has an RFID tag in which an authentication code, such as an electronic product code (EPC), is stored. A reader in wireless communication with the RFID tag of the incontinence detection pad verifies that the incontinence detection pad is an authorized detection pad. Thus, unauthorized incontinence detection pads that do not have the proper authentication code are not able to be used in an incontinence detection system.

Abstract: Motor control centers have units or buckets with one or more sliding shutters that controllably block access to a stab isolation port based on position of the operator disconnect handle using attached cams that slide the shutter right and left. A front panel of the unit or bucket may also be configured to pivot out about a long axis associated with a bottom long side thereof.

Abstract: Systems for switchable RFID tags responsive to an environmental sensor are provided. In one embodiment, a system includes a RFID tag having an antenna and an integrated circuit electrically coupled to the antenna, a plurality of sensor devices electrically coupled to the integrated circuit, and an electrical connection between the integrated circuit and the plurality of sensor devices. The integrated circuit is configured to sense whether each of the plurality of sensor device is in a conductive state or in a non-conductive state, and produce a different output based on the state of the each of the plurality of sensor devices. The output is adapted to be transmitted through the antenna to a reader.

Abstract: A multi-mode, preferably dual mode, radio frequency identification (RFID) tag is adapted for automatic detection of whether a RFID reader located within communication range of the RFID tag is transmitting a continuous wave (CW) or modulated wave types of RF signal, and accordingly, mandating a response from the tag in read-only (RO) mode or read/write (R/W) mode, respectively. The tag includes means for designating one of the RO and R/W operating modes as a default mode of the tag, and for switching the tag from its default mode to its other operating mode, and vice versa, according to a rule for determining the frequency of occurrence of a selected event related to signal type of the reader. A device-implemented method of this automatic detection, and a method of fabricating the tag, are also disclosed.

Abstract: A system and method for managing a population of RFID tags. In various aspects, an RFID reader implements one or more RFID protocols to execute a read cycle that defines a series of actions for the RFID reader to perform. The read cycle may begin by the RFID reader broadcasting a query to deselected RFID tags to generate a list of deselected tag identifiers. The read cycle then causes the RFID reader to broadcast a query to selected RFID tags to track selected RFID tags. Finally, the read cycle causes the RFID reader to broadcast a selection command that includes the list of deselected tag identifiers.

Abstract: A system comprising a plurality of functional modules connected by a bus, each functional module comprising a photo emitter and a photo receiver, to transmit photo signals between two adjacent modules. A method for addressing the functional modules, wherein a control module broadcasts respective unique addresses to the bus and a photo enquiry signal to its downstream module to trigger the latter to pick up an address. Each module provides a photo enquiry signal to its downstream module, after it has picked up an address from the bus.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) transceiver includes a first oscillator configured to generate a first oscillation frequency associated with an RF signal, a second oscillator configured to generate a second oscillation frequency associated with a clock frequency, a counter configured to generate a counter output signal using the first oscillation frequency and the second oscillation frequency, and a comparer configured to generate a digital output signal associated with the RF signal by comparing an output value of the counter output signal to a reference value.

Abstract: An apparatus or a method for detecting activity quantity of an object includes a sense unit, a count unit, a trigger unit, and a radio circuit. The sense unit senses movements of the object, and generates a sensing signal based on the sensed movements. The count unit receives the sensing signal from the sense unit, counts a number of the movements from the sensing signal, and generates a movement number signal including the number of the movements. The trigger unit generates a trigger signal based on whether one or more trigger conditions are satisfied. The radio circuit is triggered in response to the trigger signal, to generate an activity quantity signal based on the movement number signal and ID information corresponding to the object.

Abstract: An access control reader includes a credential interface and a network interface. The access control reader includes a processor coupled to the credential interface and the network interface and computer memory coupled with the processor and comprising instructions that are executable by the processor. The instructions comprise instructions to determine that the access control reader has been connected to a power source, and instructions to monitor activity at the credential interface after the access control reader has been connected to the power source. The instructions comprise instructions that cause the access control reader to enter either a first mode of operation or a second mode of operation dependent upon whether or not activity is detected at the credential interface within a threshold amount of time after the access control reader has been connected to the power source.

Abstract: A consumable component for a thermal processing torch is provided. The consumable component includes a consumable component body and a signal device located on or within the consumable component body for transmitting a signal associated with the consumable component. The signal can be independent of a detectable physical characteristic of the consumable component.

Abstract: Magnetic antenna techniques and devices are disclosed for operating at an RF or microwave frequency by using a magnetic antenna structure having a spatially varying property that varies spatially from one location to another location in at least a portion of the magnetic antenna structure. Such a spatially varying property can be reflected in various ways, e.g., a spatially varying geometry profile in part of or the entirety of the magnetic antenna structure, a spatially varying antenna material property in a spatially uniform geometry or a spatially varying geometry. The disclosed technology also provides magnetic antenna structures based on splitting the componentry for transmission and reception so that each can be individually optimized.

Abstract: A charger including a class E power driver, a frequency-shift keying (“FSK”) module, and a processor. The processor can receive data relating to the operation of the class E power driver and can control the class E power driver based on the received data relating to the operation of the class E power driver. The processor can additionally control the FSK module to modulate the natural frequency of the class E power transformer to thereby allow the simultaneous recharging of an implantable device and the transmission of data to the implantable device. The processor can additionally compensate for propagation delays by adjusting switching times.

Abstract: A vehicle electronic control device includes: a detection unit of a power supply voltage; a power determination unit determining whether the power supply voltage is reduced below a predetermined voltage; an identification number storage unit for a vehicle identification number; a timing storage unit storing time information of reduction when the power supply voltage is reduced below the predetermined voltage; a control unit acquiring a vehicle identification number stored in an identification number storage unit and time information stored in a timing storage unit of the other electronic control device; and an identification number determination unit: determining one of the other electronic control device and the electronic control device storing newest time information in the timing storage unit as a target electronic control device; and determining that a vehicle identification number stored in the identification number storage unit of the target electronic control device is a correct identification number.

Abstract: A modulation index setting circuit of a near field communication (NFC) device, includes a current detector. The current detector generates a reference current based on detecting a transmitter current flowing in a transmitter of the NFC device respectively during a non-modulation interval, and generates a modulation current based on detecting the transmitter current flowing in the transmitter of the NFC device during a modulation interval. The modulation index setting circuit changes the transmitter current based on applying a driving strength control code to the transmitter, receives the reference current and the modulation current, calculates modulation indexes associated with separate, respective code values of the driving strength control code and generates a modulation index table that stores the modulation indexes.

Abstract: A vehicle capable of receiving an electric power in a contactless manner includes a vehicle body and a power reception apparatus. A first region made of aluminum or formed so that a magnetic permeability and an electric resistance thereof are lower than a magnetic permeability and an electric resistance of aluminum, respectively, is provided at a position on one side in a reference direction relative to the power reception apparatus. A space and/or a second region formed so that a magnetic permeability and an electric resistance thereof are higher than the magnetic permeability and the electric resistance of the first region, respectively, is provided at a position on the other side in the reference direction. A winding axis of a power receiving coil is placed at a position deviating toward the one side in the reference direction from a central position in a vehicle width direction.

Abstract: A multi-mode, preferably dual mode, radio frequency identification (RFID) tag is adapted for automatic detection of whether a RFID reader located within communication range of the RFID tag is transmitting a continuous wave (CW) or modulated wave types of RF signal, and accordingly, mandating a response from the tag in read-only (RO) mode or read/write (R/W) mode, respectively. The tag includes means for designating one of the RO and R/W operating modes as a default mode of the tag, and for switching the tag from its default mode to its other operating mode, and vice versa, according to a rule for determining the frequency of occurrence of a selected event related to signal type of the reader. A device-implemented method of this automatic detection, and a method of fabricating the tag, are also disclosed.

Abstract: In some embodiments, system, apparatuses, and methods are provided herein useful for managing retail product inventory including a plurality of sensors configured to detect individual presence of multiple different products within a retail shopping facility. A central control system communicatively coupled with the plurality of sensors to receive sensor information comprising identifiers detected by the plurality of sensors. The central control system comprises a central control circuit coupled with memory storing code that when implemented causes the central control circuit to: access the received sensor information and determine, at a current time and for each detected first product, a confidence value corresponding to a level of confidence that the first product is still present and within a first threshold area corresponding to a first location where the first product was most recently sensed. The confidence value may decay over time proportional to a first decay period of time.

Abstract: An apparatus or a method for detecting activity quantity of an object includes a sense unit, a count unit, a trigger unit, and a radio circuit. The sense unit senses movements of the object, and generates a sensing signal based on the sensed movements. The count unit receives the sensing signal from the sense unit, counts a number of the movements from the sensing signal, and generates a movement number signal including the number of the movements. The trigger unit generates a trigger signal based on whether one or more trigger conditions are satisfied. The radio circuit is triggered in response to the trigger signal, to generate an activity quantity signal based on the movement number signal and ID information corresponding to the object.

Abstract: Disclosed are: a mobile device, in particular a mobile Passive Keyless Entry, PKE, key device, and an associated method for providing 3D field values of a magnetic field H; an evaluation device for use in a PKE system having a Mobile device and an associated method for determining the direction of a magnetic field vector H=(x, y, z), which is present locally at a position of a 3D antenna of the mobile device; and a PKE system having a PKE base structure, to which preferably the mobile device is associated and which has at least a first base structure antenna, which is operable to emit the, particularly low frequency, magnetic field, the mobile PKE device and the evaluation unit.

Abstract: Guiding the blind includes receiving, via a camera module, a signal sent from a processing module to instruct the camera module to take an image of an informational blind pathway including a digital object identifier, capturing, via the camera module, the image of the informational blind pathway, sending, via the camera module, the image to the processing module, receiving and analyzing, via the processing module, the image sent by the camera module, acquiring, via the processing module, information included in the digital object identifier in the image of the informational blind pathway, converting, via the processing module, the information included in the digital object identifier into speech information, and outputting the speech information to be played on an audio device.

Abstract: A system and method of selectively reading sensor data from a memory device is able to search the memory device for an indicator that identifies the sensor data, and read only the sensor data identified by the indicator from the memory device. In this way, interrogating devices are able to sort through sensor data stored in a network of memory devices, such as an RFID network, and report specific data of interest despite the existence of a variety of data types in the network. In some embodiments, flags are stored and associated with specific types of data, such as various sensor data, thereby allowing numerous memory devices and sensors to operate and be read efficiently in the same environment.

Abstract: Bubbles (118-122) are utilized in some embodiments as part of a photoacoustic contrast agent (162) and, in some embodiments, to localize one or more locations (126-38) of a source of acoustic energy. The bubbles, such as microbubbles, can be used in proximity of nanoparticles of a first photoacoustic contrast agent, thereby affording a second photoacoustic contrast agent. The bubbles can intercept and re-radiate acoustic energy emitted by light-based activation of the first photoacoustic contrast agent in the immediate vicinity of the bubbles. As a further option, if the nanoparticles permeate further to tissue structures but remain in close enough proximity, their positions can be triangulated by the nearby bubbles, based on direction (144-148) and time delays (150-160) of ultrasound received by a transducer array.

Abstract: Sleeping device(s) may be changed from a sleeping state to an awake state using a multicast packet that sent to a multicast address of a multicast wake-up group. The packet may include an identifier for one or more particular device(s) in the multicast group, which, when received by the device(s), causes the device(s) to wake up.

Abstract: The utility model discloses a vehicle RFID tag comprising a first glue layer, IR/UV protective layers, an INLAY layer, a second glue layer and a print layer, and the first glue layer, the INLAY layer, the second glue layer and the print layer are sequentially arranged in a stacked mode; the INLAY layer comprises a fragile layer, an RFID antenna layer and an RFID chip, and the fragile layer, the RFID antenna layer and the RFID chip are sequentially arranged in a stacked mode; the areas of the IR/UV protective layers are larger than the area of the RFID chip, and the viscosity of the first glue layer is larger than that of the second glue layer. The utility model has the beneficial effects that the anti-dismantling function is achieved, and the RFID chip can be protected against damage caused by ultraviolet rays and infrared rays.

Abstract: The mobile vehicle charging system is applied to a mobile vehicle and includes a docking platform and a charging device. The docking platform provides parking to the mobile vehicle. The charging device includes an electricity transmission interface and an electricity measurement module. When the mobile vehicle is parked on the docking platform, the electricity transmission interface charges a battery module through an electricity reception interface of the mobile vehicle. As such, when an operator of the mobile vehicle parks the mobile vehicle onto the docking platform, the mobile vehicle can be automatically charged by the mobile vehicle charging system.

Abstract: An Integrated Circuit (IC) for an RFID tag includes at least two antenna ports for coupling to at least two antennas. The IC may be configured to determine the port from which it receives an input signal, and provide a first functionality if it receives the input from a first port and a second functionality if it receives the input from a second port. The IC may be configured to determine and/or offer a functionality based on the receiving port.

Abstract: In some arrangements, product packaging is digitally watermarked over most of its extent to facilitate high-throughput item identification at retail checkouts. Imagery captured by conventional or plenoptic cameras can be processed (e.g., by GPUs) to derive several different perspective-transformed views—further minimizing the need to manually reposition items for identification. Crinkles and other deformations in product packaging can be optically sensed, allowing such surfaces to be virtually flattened to aid identification. Piles of items can be 3D-modelled and virtually segmented into geometric primitives to aid identification, and to discover locations of obscured items. Other data (e.g., including data from sensors in aisles, shelves and carts, and gaze tracking for clues about visual saliency) can be used in assessing identification hypotheses about an item. A great variety of other features and arrangements are also detailed.

Abstract: A method of detecting a stimulus can include detecting an output from a radio frequency identification tag including a sensor. A smartphone-based sensing strategy can use chemiresponsive nanomaterials integrated into the circuitry of commercial Near Field Communication tags to achieve non-line-of-sight, portable, and inexpensive detection and discrimination of gas phase chemicals (e.g., ammonia, hydrogen peroxide, cyclohexanone, and water) at part-per-thousand and part-per-million concentrations.

Abstract: A wireless sensor includes an antenna structure, an RF signal circuit, a sensing element, memory and a processing module. In a calibration mode, the sensing element is exposed to a known condition and causes a first change of an operating characteristic of the antenna structure while receiving the RF signal. The processing module generates a first digital value based on the first change and writes it into the memory. In a sense mode, the sensing element is exposed to an unknown condition and causes a second change of an operating characteristic of the antenna structure while receiving the RF signal. The processing module generates a second digital value based on the second change and writes it into the memory.

Abstract: An electronic device and method for half duplex data transmission in a long range keyless entry and go system, and more specifically to an RFID transponder, a corresponding read/write (R/W) unit and methods for operating the RFID transponder and the R/W-unit. There is a first coil, a second coil and a third coil, being arranged as a three-dimensional antenna, a first capacitor, a second capacitor and a third capacitor couplable in parallel to the first coil, the second coil and the third coil, respectively, for selectively forming a first, a second and a third parallel-resonant circuit for receiving radio signals, a series-resonant circuit for transmitting radio signals and a control stage configured to either use one of the first, second or third parallel-resonant circuits for receiving radio signals or the series-resonant circuit for transmitting signals.

Abstract: In a wireless network comprising a plurality of carriers available for carrier aggregation transmissions between a base station and UE, the base station: (i) determines whether a requirement exists to transmit data between the UE and the base station via a carrier aggregation transmission; (ii) in response to determining that the carrier aggregation transmission requirement exists, selects a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers from the plurality of carriers for the carrier aggregation transmission based on one or more of each carrier's receive power at the UE, transmit power at the base station, and frequency; (iii) allocates the selected primary and secondary component carriers to the carrier aggregation transmission; (iv) informs the UE of the allocation; and (v) executes the carrier aggregation transmission according to the allocation.

Abstract: A system and method for density-based RFID network configuration. In various aspects, an RFID reader executes a read cycle defined by dwell times for a low RFID tag density and a high RFID tag density setting. Accordingly, a controller may cause the RFID reader to implement one or more RFID protocols. The controller may then receive data corresponding to the RFID tags from the RFID reader to determine a number of RFID tags within read range of the RFID reader. Based on the number of RFID tags, the controller may determine an adjustment to the read cycle executed by the RFID reader. The controller may then configure the RFID reader to execute the adjusted read cycle.

Abstract: A radio-frequency power receiving device has RF antennas connected to multiple controllable rectifying circuits to produce corresponding DC signals which are combined in a controllable switching network to produce a combined DC output. A control unit determines an amplitude control signal that controls each rectifying circuit and also determines switch control signals that control a switching network. The switching network controllably combines the direct-current signals to combine the multiple corresponding direct-current signals in series, in parallel, or in a combination of series and parallel.

Abstract: A radio frequency identification (RFID) reader identifies in which room among several rooms the RFID reader is more likely to be located. The RFID reader includes a transmitter for transmitting an interrogating radio frequency (RF) signal. It includes a receiver for receiving RF signals generated in corresponding pairs of RFID tags. The RFID tag pairs are attached to corresponding regions of each of the rooms. Each of said RFID tag pair including a first RFID tag and a second RFID tag that are spaced from each other by a distance that is larger or equal to ?/4 and smaller than or equal to ?/2 with respect to a frequency of a responding RF signal originated in the pair of RFID tags. A processor selects a larger RSSI of the RSSI's of the signal pair. The processor determines a corresponding sum of the RSSI's selected from each signal pair associated with each room. The processor evaluates in accordance with determined sums, the location in which said RFID reader is more likely to be located.

Abstract: A first oscillator is configured to be switchable between a disabled state and an oscillation state in which a first clock signal CLK1 having a first frequency is generated. A second oscillator oscillates at a second frequency that is lower than the first frequency, so as to generate a second clock signal. In (i) a power transfer phase in which electric power is transmitted to a wireless power receiving apparatus, a controller instructs the first oscillator to oscillate, and generates a first pulse signal for controlling a driver according to the first clock signal. In (ii) a selection phase in which the presence or absence of the wireless power receiving apparatus is detected, the controller generates a second pulse signal for controlling the driver at a predetermined time interval, which is measured based on the second clock signal, and during which the first oscillator is set to the disabled state.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention provides an antenna module includes an antenna, a circuit configured to transmit and receive wireless signals by using the antenna, a housing that stores the circuit to cover circumference of the circuit, an antenna casing that stores the antenna to enable the antenna to transmit and receive wireless signals, and a first connector that is connected to the housing, the first connector being configured to input and output signals which are transmitted and received by the circuit.

Abstract: A multi-mode, preferably dual mode, radio frequency identification (RFID) tag is adapted for automatic detection of whether a RFID reader located within communication range of the RFID tag is transmitting a continuous wave (CW) or modulated wave types of RF signal, and accordingly, mandating a response from the tag in read-only (RO) mode or read/write (R/W) mode, respectively. The tag includes means for designating one of the RO and R/W operating modes as a default mode of the tag, and for switching the tag from its default mode to its other operating mode, and vice versa, according to a rule for determining the frequency of occurrence of a selected event related to signal type of the reader. A device-implemented method of this automatic detection, and a method of fabricating the tag, are also disclosed.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a chip card is described including a chip, an antenna, a coupling structure configured to transmit energy from the antenna to the chip and a control element configured to control, depending on a field strength of a magnetic field to which the chip card is exposed, at least one of the resonance frequency of the antenna, the quality factor of the antenna and an energy transmission efficiency of the coupling structure.