Abstract: A method for determining the ability of a vehicle user to react in the automated driving mode of a vehicle uses detected image data of a driver monitoring camera. Using digital map data present in the vehicle and/or sensor data detected by the vehicle, it is determined whether at least one specified relevant object in a momentary vehicle environment is located in the field of vision of the vehicle user. For at least one detected specified relevant object in the momentary vehicle environment, detected image data of the driver monitoring camera is used to determine a duration and/or frequency the vehicle user directs their gaze to the detected relevant object. When a determined duration falls short of a specified minimum duration and/or when a determined gaze change frequency falls short of a minimum frequency, the ability of the vehicle user to react is evaluated as not given.

Abstract: Various embodiments of methods and systems for managing driver engagement may include evaluating a driving risk on a roadway proximate to the vehicle using historical roadway data, identifying an emotive expression of the driver using vehicle sensor data, obtaining historical data about driver reaction times for assuming full control of other vehicles and whether assuming full control of the other vehicles avoided an accident on the roadway, selecting a minimum level of driver engagement suitable for the roadway proximate to the vehicle based on the evaluated driving risk, the identified emotive expression of the driver, and whether historical driver fallback behavior avoided an accident on the roadway proximate to the vehicle, observing a driver behavior using one or more vehicle sensors, and taking an action in response to determining that the driver behavior does not meet the minimum level of driver engagement suitable for the roadway proximate to the vehicle.

Abstract: Provided are systems, methods, and computer program products for generating modified light emissions. The system includes at least one signal receiver arranged on a vehicle, at least one sensor arranged on the vehicle, at least one lighting system arranged on the vehicle, and at least one processor in communication with the at least one signal receiver, the at least one sensor, and the at least one lighting system, the at least one processor configured to: receive a first signal with the at least one signal receiver; receive sensor data from the at least one sensor; determine lighting data based on the first signal; generate a modified light emission by geometrically transforming the lighting pattern based on the sensor data; and control the at least one lighting system to output the modified light emission.

Abstract: A control method for controlling the lateral movement of a motor vehicle including a steering structure for following a predetermined trajectory on a road. The control method includes selecting at least one environmental parameter external to the motor vehicle. The selection of the environmental parameter is a function of a collision risk associated with this environmental parameter. The command for the steering structure is determined according to the collision risk and according to the lateral shift of the motor vehicle.

Abstract: A system for monitoring a driver in a vehicle includes a driver monitoring system adapted to monitor the driver of the vehicle, a system controller in communication with the driver monitoring system and adapted to collect data from the driver monitoring system related to gaze behavior of the driver, classify the driver as one of a plurality of driver attention statuses based on the data from the driver monitoring system, the driver attention statuses including safe, borderline and unsafe, and, when the driver status is unsafe, prompt the driver, via a human machine interface (HMI), with questions adapted to test the alertness of the driver, receive, via the HMI, from the driver, responses to the questions, analyze the responses, and initiate responsive actions based on the responses from the driver.

Abstract: A system and method are used for immobilizing a vehicle to prevent vehicle theft. The system includes an immobilizer that can be retrofitted to the selected vehicle or integrated into the vehicle during the manufacturing process. The immobilizer includes a communication module that enables the immobilizer to be remotely controlled using a wireless signal. The wireless signal can be transmitted using different secure protocols including, but not limited to, Wi-Fi or Bluetooth encrypted signals. In addition, the wireless signal can be relayed over different secure networks. Further, the immobilizer may include one or more connectors and the corresponding wiring harnesses that enable the hardwire connection of the immobilizer to the appropriate vehicle component. Additionally, different methods such as disabling one or more data lines or disabling one or more engine sensors of the corresponding vehicle may be employed for immobilizing the vehicle.

Abstract: A vehicle information service implemented on one or more computers of a service provider network implements a first application programmatic interface (API) that allows a client to define inclusion parameters and a sample size for a fleet of vehicles from which vehicle data is to be collected. The vehicle information service also implements a second API that notifies the client when the requested vehicle data has been collected from the vehicle fleet. Additionally, the vehicle information service provides the client access to the collected vehicle data. The vehicle information service manages the collection of the vehicle data from the client defined vehicle fleet without requiring further client involvement and notifies the client when the collection of the vehicle data is complete.

Abstract: An article comprises a first plate, a second plate and a cured adhesive layer. The first plate is made of a first chemically-strengthened glass-based material. The first plate comprises: a first major surface opposing a second major surface and a thickness equal to or greater than 0.4 mm and less than or equal to 3.0 mm. The second plate is made of a second chemically-strengthened transparent glass-based material. The second plate comprises: a first major surface opposing a second major surface and a thickness equal to or greater than 0.4 mm and less than or equal to 3.0 mm. The cured adhesive layer adheres a portion of the first major surface of the plate to the second major surface of the second plate. The second plate has an area equal to or less than 25% of the area of the first plate.

Abstract: Systems, methods, models, and training data for models are discussed, for determining vehicle positioning, and in particular identifying tailgating. Simulated training images showing vehicles following other vehicles, under various conditions, are generated using a virtual environment. Models are trained to determine following distance between two vehicles. Trained models are used to in detection of tailgating, based on determined distance between two vehicles. Results of tailgating are output to warn a driver, or to provide a report on driver behavior.

Abstract: Systems and methods for alerting a driver to a potential driving hazard are disclosed. Hazard parameters representing a driving hazard may be received. The driving hazard may have a corresponding Ground Truth Operation Sequence (GTOS) comprising an ordered sequence of GTOS Designated Meta Operations (DMOs). The corresponding GTOS may be retrieved and instantiated using the hazard parameters. Current driver operation parameters may then be received, and may then be mapped to a GTOS DMO of the ordered sequence of GTOS DMOs. Subsequent driver operation parameters may then be received, and may then be compared to a set of probable subsequent operations associated with the mapped GTOS DMO. It may then be determined that the subsequent driver operation is absent from the set of probable subsequent operations, and an output may be generated for alerting a driver to the driving hazard.

Abstract: An activity monitor for a modular software system, the system having a first software component for use in configuring operation of a second software component via a proxy and stub interface, the activity monitor comprising; an input arranged to monitor a first event associated with the first software component and a second event associated with the proxy; a processor arranged to compare the first and second events to a schedule of events to assess compliance with the schedule of events; and an output arranged to generate an error message in response to non-compliance with the schedule of events, the error message being for use in treating the error. A method of generating an activity monitor for monitoring operation of a modular software system.

Abstract: Vehicles may have the capability to navigate according to various levels of autonomous capabilities, the vehicle having a different set of autonomous competencies at each level. In certain situations, the vehicle may shift from one level of autonomous capability to another. The shift may require more or less driving responsibility from a human operator. Sensors inside the vehicle collect human operator parameters to determine an alertness level of the human operator. An alertness level is determined based on the human operator parameters and other data including historical data or human operator-specific data. Notifications are presented to the user based on the determined alertness level that are more or less intrusive based on the alertness level of the human operator and on the urgency of an impending change to autonomous capabilities. Notifications may be tailored to specific human operators based on human operator preference and historical performance.

Abstract: A method for determining event data including: sampling a first data stream within a first time window at a first sensor of an onboard vehicle system coupled to a vehicle, extracting interior activity data from the first data stream; determining an interior event based on the interior activity data; sampling a second data stream within a second time window at a second sensor of the onboard vehicle system; extracting exterior activity data from the second image stream; determining an exterior event based on the exterior activity data; correlating the exterior event and the interior event to generate combined event data; automatically classifying the combined event data to generate an event label; and automatically labeling the first time window of the first data stream and the second time window of the second data stream with the combined event label to generate labeled event data.

Abstract: A controller is described with an adjacent electronic display which allows users to input building plans, and to design where devices (e.g., equipment and sensors) are to go. The controller has access to databases of the devices including wiring diagrams and protocols, such that the controller can automatically create a wiring diagram that can be used to wire the building and the controller. The adjacent display can be moved to show controller wiring, while the display shows a wiring diagram which describes a diagram of the controller wiring including devices that are connected, and wiring information about the devices.

Abstract: A system for providing information to an occupant of a vehicle includes an automated driving system, a display configured to provide information to the occupant, and a controller in electrical communication with the automated driving system and the display. The controller is programmed to determine an automation confidence level for a location of interest using the automated driving system. The location of interest is a location in an environment surrounding the vehicle. The controller is further programmed to notify the occupant using the display based at least in part on the automation confidence level.

Abstract: A system for a motor vehicle includes a sensor apparatus having a sensor for determining motor vehicle data and/or driving data of the motor vehicle, and an evaluation unit. The evaluation unit includes an emotion determination unit configured to assess the emotions of the driver of the motor vehicle on the basis of sensor signals transmitted by the sensor.

Abstract: A module for a vehicle includes: a first communication module that transmits and receives first data to and from a first in-vehicle module; a second communication module that transmits and receives second data to and from a second in-vehicle module; and a control module that controls relay of third data among the first communication module and the second communication module. In a case where reception data received by the control module from the first or second communication module is unauthorized, the control module stops relaying the third data in accordance with a traveling state of the vehicle satisfying a predetermined condition, The traveling state includes: the vehicle being stopped; a vehicle speed being at or below a predetermined speed; brakes being applied; a hazard indicator being on; a driver being in a state capable of driving; and/or self-driving functions being in an off state.

Abstract: A vehicle receives a user-input correlation between a plurality of predefined messages and a plurality of predefined behavioral situations defining child behavior. The vehicle determines the presence of at least one child within the vehicle based on vehicle sensor data. Also, the vehicle determines, based on vehicle systems, that one of the predefined behavioral situations is occurring with regards to the at least one child and selects, based on the user-input correlation, at least one message associated with the determined occurrence of the behavioral situation. The vehicle automatically outputs the at least one message through a vehicle output.

Abstract: A system for a vehicle configured to be driven by a driver is provided. The vehicle has a human-machine interface (HMI). The system includes an interior sensor suite, a processor electrically connected to the interior sensor suite and the HMI, and a memory. The memory has instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations including determine, based on the interior sensor suite, if there is a passenger in the vehicle, determine, when there is a passenger in the vehicle and based on the interior sensor suite, whether the passenger or the driver is attempting to use the HMI, and permit the passenger and not the driver to use the HMI.

Abstract: A sensor tag which in use will be affixed to a vehicle for obtaining vehicle telematics data includes a battery for powering the tag and a processor running executable code to process accelerometer data. An accelerometer measures the acceleration of the tag and thereby of the vehicle, and also controls the operation of the processor. A memory is used for storing a unique tag identifier of the tag and for storing trip data including information about trips and acceleration data. Finally, a communication module is used for short range wireless communication with a mobile communications device located in the vehicle via a short range wireless communications protocol, the communication module transmitting the tag's unique identifier and a sequence of time stamped acceleration data. The mobile communications device obtains GPS data, combines this with the acceleration date and transmits this to a server for analysis.

Abstract: Systems and methods for generating attention masks are provided. In particular, a computing system can access sensor data and map data for an area around an autonomous vehicle. The computing system can generate a voxel grid representation of the sensor data and map data. The computing system can generate an attention mask based on the voxel grid representation. The computing system can generate, by using the voxel grid representation and the attention mask as input to a machine-learned model, an attention weighted feature map. The computing system can determine using the attention weighted feature map, a planning cost volume for an area around the autonomous vehicle. The computing system can select a trajectory for the autonomous vehicle based, at least in part, on the planning cost volume.

Abstract: Techniques are described for providing a hands-off steering wheel detection warning. An example method can include a vehicle computer determining a real-time level of fatigue of a driver of an autonomous vehicle. The vehicle computer can determine an operating parameter associated with an environment in which the autonomous vehicle is traveling. The vehicle computer can generate, using a machine learning model, a predicted driving pattern of a second vehicle traveling in the environment. The vehicle computer can determine a time interval for providing a hands-off steering wheel detection warning based at least in part on the real-time level of fatigue of the driver, the operating parameter, and the predicted driving pattern of the second vehicle. The vehicle computer can identify a final time interval for providing a hands-off steering wheel detection warning. The vehicle computer can output the hands-off steering wheel detection warning after the final time interval has elapsed.

Abstract: An acquisition unit that acquires vehicle information related to a vehicle state of a vehicle; a determination unit that determines whether the vehicle has traveled in a state in which energy consumption efficiency of the vehicle is poor within a predetermined time from a predetermined driving operation of the vehicle based on the vehicle information acquired by the acquisition unit; and a display control unit that causes a display unit to display the number of times of traveling in the state per unit time within the predetermined time from the predetermined driving operation, the traveling being determined by the determination unit, are included.

Abstract: Methods, computer-readable media, software, and apparatuses include receiving sensor data from a sensor system associated with a vehicle during operation of the vehicle over a plurality of modes of operation, computing, based on the sensor data, a vehicle fingerprint comprising one or more vehicle characteristics over the plurality of modes of operation, monitoring additional received sensor data from the sensor system during further operation of the vehicle, determining whether an anomaly exists based on comparing the additional received sensor data to the vehicle fingerprint, and based upon determining that an anomaly exists, providing an alert to a communication interface associated with the vehicle.

Abstract: A system for identifying manual use of a phone by the driver of a vehicle. The system has a smartphone with a memory programmed to collect heading, velocity and radial acceleration data already available to the operating system of all smartphones and uses the asymmetry with respect to right and left turns between a radial acceleration based on Earth-frame-based heading and speed data and a measured actual radial acceleration to detect manual phone usage by a driver. Detection may result in a visual and auditory warning that would incriminate the driver if the vehicle were to be stopped by law enforcement authorities or involved in an accident.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure provide a warning method and an apparatus for a driving risk, a computing device and a storage medium. In an embodiment, driving behavior data of a driver in a first time period is obtained, and a correspondence between a quantity of occurrences of preset driving behaviors of one or more drivers and a quantity of an actual occurrence of preset scenarios to the one or more drivers while driving is obtained. Based on a quantity of actual occurrences of the preset driving behaviors of the driver, indicated in the driving behavior data of the driver, and the correspondence, it is predicted a target quantity of times the driver is predicted to encounter one or more preset scenarios in the first time period, and warning information is generated based on the target quantity of times.

Abstract: In one aspect, a system for receiving communications while a user operates a motor vehicle is provided. The system may include (1) a BLUETOOTH interface configured to establish a connection to a BLUETOOTH device associated with the motor vehicle, (2) a wireless communication interface configured to receive a wireless communication from a remote device, and (3) a processor coupled to the wireless communication interface and the BLUETOOTH interface, and configured to: (a) determine the user is operating the motor vehicle based upon the connection to the BLUETOOTH device, and (b) suppress a notification of the user of receipt of the wireless communication while the user is operating the motor vehicle.

Abstract: System, methods, and other embodiments described herein relate to generating a response of a vehicle to a virtual rumble strip. In one embodiment, a method includes determine that a virtual boundary corresponding to a real-world location in proximity of a vehicle has been crossed as the vehicle travels based upon first sensor data generated by the vehicle. The method further includes determine information about an environment of the vehicle as the virtual boundary is crossed based upon second sensor data generated by the vehicle. The method also includes activate an actuator of a seat of the vehicle such that haptic feedback is delivered to the seat, wherein the haptic feedback is based upon the information about the environment and a type of a virtual rumble strip.

Abstract: A relative risk can be determined using an originating Internet Protocol (IP) address as an identifying factor for purposes of authenticating a user. The originating IP address can be used as an identifying factor for a particular user account to determine potentially fraudulent activity and reduce the risk of fraud. This additional identifying factor can be used as a part of an overall authentication platform to help screen fraud attempts and to authenticate valid and non-fraudulent users. Using certain aspects can distinguish whether originating IP addresses are public or private. Some examples can track and match originating IP addresses to user accounts and also can keep track of recently active sessions for each IP address.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for controlling a brake system based on a driver's forward gaze.

Abstract: A vehicle interior lighting device includes a plurality of front light-emitting sections that are provided at a front side of a passenger compartment and illuminate front portions of front interior components disposed on right and left sides at the front side of the passenger compartment, and a plurality of rear light-emitting sections that are provided at a rear side of the passenger compartment and illuminate rear portions of rear interior members disposed on right and left sides at the rear side of the passenger compartment.

Abstract: A vehicular control system for controlling a vehicle includes a vehicle control, an acceleration sensor and a camera. The vehicle control includes an image processor for processing image data captured by the camera as the vehicle is driven along a route by a driver of the vehicle. The vehicle control detects traffic and road topography and determines acceleration of the vehicle as the vehicle is driven along the route by the driver. The vehicle control learns the route during multiple repetitive drives of the route by the driver of the vehicle. The vehicle control increases a confidence level of the learned route during multiple repetitive drives of the route by the vehicle. When the confidence level exceeds a threshold value, the vehicle control is operable to at least semi-autonomously control the vehicle to drive the vehicle along the route.

Abstract: Systems and methods of incentivizing the use of a safety device while operating a vehicle are provided. Data captured by sensors associated with a safety device may be analyzed to identify instances in which the safety device is used by an operator of a vehicle. Additionally, data captured by sensors associated with the vehicle may be analyzed to identify instances in which the vehicle is in motion. By comparing the instances in which the safety device is used by the operator of the vehicle to the instances in which the vehicle is in motion, instances in which the operator of the vehicle uses the safety device while operating the vehicle may be determined. Furthermore, a trend of the operator of the vehicle using the safety device while operating the vehicle may be identified. A notification related to the identified trend may be provided to the operator of the vehicle.

Abstract: A driver state determination apparatus detects the decline of the physical function of a driver and confirms the determination of an abnormal state before the driver becomes unable to drive. A vibration apparatus vibrates a steering wheel; a vibration detector detects the vibration of the steering wheel; and a controller controls the vibration apparatus. The controller provides vibration at a predetermined excitation frequency to the steering wheel by the vibration apparatus, calculates a steering torque level at the excitation frequency based on the vibration detected by the vibration detector, and determines that a driver is in an abnormal state when an average value of the steering torque level while the vibration is being provided is equal to or more than a first threshold value, and/or a standard deviation of the steering torque level while the vibration is being provided is equal to or more than a second threshold value.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a control system for controlling generation of a steering wheel overlay signal to control a trajectory of a host vehicle. The control system includes one or more controllers. The control system is configured to determine a principal axis of a lane of travel. A target trajectory is determined for the host vehicle in dependence on the determined principal axis. The steering wheel overlay signal is generated, including an intra-lane steering signal for aligning the trajectory of the host vehicle with the target trajectory. The intra-lane steering signal is removed when the trajectory is at least substantially aligned with the target trajectory. The present disclosure also relates to a vehicle; and a method of controlling generation of a steering wheel overlay signal.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, and articles of manufacture are disclosed herein that mitigate hard-braking events. An example apparatus at least one memory; instructions; and processor circuitry to execute the instructions to: determine a danger level associated with an object, the danger level indicative of a first measure of damage corresponding to a trajectory of the object compared to a trajectory of a vehicle; determine, based on the first danger level, a danger measure based on at least one of a position of the object, a velocity of the object, an acceleration of the object, a direction of travel of the object, a weight or mass of the object; and generate instructions to transmit to a steering system or a braking system of the vehicle based on the determination.

Abstract: A control device of a mobile object includes a control unit configured to restrict, based on information specifying a suppression area where occurrence of a communication delay is to be suppressed, the mobile object from performing an operation that induces a communication delay in the suppression area.

Abstract: Methods and systems for maintaining a distributed ledger and/or blockchain of transactions and/or events pertaining to autonomous vehicles and/or smart contracts. An enforcement server may receive indications of transactions and/or events generated by one or more autonomous vehicles. The transactions and/or events may include information relating to a trigger condition and/or a decision condition associated with one or more smart contracts. The enforcement server may route the transaction to the appropriate smart contract to determine whether a trigger condition has been satisfied. When a trigger condition is satisfied, the enforcement server may automatically perform an action to enforce the smart contract and/or update the distributed ledger.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and device for driver assistance for determining habits of a driver, a computer storage medium, and a vehicle. The method for driver assistance for determining the habits of the driver includes: recognizing a vehicle working condition; recognizing a vehicle status; and determining the habits of the driver based on the vehicle working condition and the vehicle status, where the recognizing a vehicle working condition includes: performing first vehicle working condition recognition based on vehicle speed information; and performing second vehicle working condition recognition based on a combination of map information and positioning information and/or camera information. By performing working condition recognition twice, accuracy of vehicle working condition recognition can be improved and a vehicle working condition recognition result can be prevented from incorrectly and frequently switching between various vehicle working conditions.

Abstract: A parametric constant resolves to different values in different contexts, but a single value within a particular context. An anchor constant is a parametric constant that allows for a degree of parametricity for an API point. The context for the anchor constant is provided by a caller to the API point. The anchor constant resolves to an anchor value that records specialization decisions for the API point within the provided context. Specialization decisions may include type restrictions, memory layout, and/or memory size. The anchor value together with an unspecialized type of the API point result in a specialized type of the API point. A class object representing the specialized type is created. The class object may be accessible to the caller, but the full value of the anchor value is not accessible to the caller. The API point is executed based on the specialization decisions embodied in the anchor value.

Abstract: An information display apparatus may include a processor configured to display a display object in augmented reality; and a storage configured to store data and algorithms driven by the processor, wherein the processor determines a position of the display object by use of at least one of a total number of lanes or a number of lanes in a road in a driving direction of a host vehicle, possible traveling direction information for each lane, and driving direction information related to the host vehicle, and the information display apparatus is disposed within a vehicle or outside the vehicle, and when disposed outside the vehicle, is configured to transmit display information related to the display object to the vehicle or a mobile device.

Abstract: A vehicle 1 as a host vehicle includes: detection unit that detects a translationally-moving two-wheeled vehicle 9 traveling in front of or alongside the host vehicle; an on-board communication device capable of communicating with a communication device mounted on the vehicle 9; an ECU that determines whether the host vehicle is at either one of blind spots BR and BL of the vehicle 9, based on a detection result of the detection unit, and that transmits a warning notification from the on-board communication device to the communication device mounted on the vehicle 9 when determining that the host vehicle is at the blind spot BR or BL. In this case, it is preferable that the ECU changes an actuation condition so that an automatic operation according to contact avoidance control is started more promptly than when the host vehicle is determined to be outside the blind spots BR, BL.

Abstract: A method for tracking insured assets is provided. Asset identifiers corresponding to assets to be monitored are received from a user. Each of the one or more assets is attached to a tracking device. Monitored assets are covered by one or more insurance policies. One or more geofence regions are defined associated with the one or more monitored assets. A location of each of the monitored assets is estimated, at least periodically. In response to determining that the estimated location of at least one of the monitored assets is outside of the corresponding one or more geofence regions, an insurance policy associated with this at least one asset is determined. A policyholder associated with the insurance policy is notified by sending a notification to policyholder's-preferred device. The notification inquires instructions for remedial actions from the policyholder. One or more remedial actions are initiated based on received policyholder's instructions.

Abstract: An example operation includes one or more of detecting a living element in a transport, determining a dangerous condition exists in response to an internal temperature of the transport is outside of a threshold and a negative characteristic is associated with the living element, and positioning the transport to a location to reduce the dangerous condition.

Abstract: A changing operation assisting apparatus includes a driving assistance control section, an operation section, and an information providing section. The driving assistance control section stores set states regarding driving assistance functions of a vehicle and provides the functions in accordance with the set sates. The set state includes a request state of the function. The operation section is used for changing the set state. The information providing section provides information regarding the set state to a driver of the vehicle. Further, the driving assistance control section executes a setting change confirmation processing upon satisfaction of a specific condition. The setting change confirmation processing is a process of providing confirmation information to confirm whether or not to change the request state of the function, and changing the request state of the function when the driver performs an approving operation in accordance with the confirmation information.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for monitoring the structural integrity of a vehicle. In particular, systems and methods are provided for using transducers positioned at various location in and on a vehicle to measure parameters related vehicle structural health. In various implementations, the integrity of the vehicle frame and the integrity of the vehicle body are monitored using a multi-axis accelerometer and/or microphone. The use of transducers for monitoring can replace time-consuming and expensive manual inspections.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an apparatus for operating an over-the-air (OTA) update for a vehicle including a generation device generating starting control information of the vehicle based on information about an OTA update of the vehicle and a transmission device transmitting the generated starting control information.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure relate to enabling roadside assistance to a vehicle that requires assistance having an autonomous driving mode. For instance, a technician may be assigned to the vehicle that requires assistance. A signal corresponding to user input at a remote computing device requesting a change to a state of the vehicle may be received. The signal may be based on details of the assigned technician. Based on the validation, an instruction may be sent to the vehicle to change the state of the vehicle.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer program products are provided for tracking one or more items. In one exemplary embodiment, there is provided a method for tracking one or more hems. The method may include periodically detecting, by a sensor device, sensor information of the one or more items, and periodically transmitting, by the sensor device, the sensor information. The method may also include determining if the one or more parties is authorized to receive the sensor information. The method may also include transmitting the sensor information to the one or more authorized parties. The method may further include determining if the one or more parties is authorized to receive the sensor information and the periodically transmitting the sensor information to the one or more authorized parties based on a set of one or more permissions that grants or restricts access of the one or more parties to the sensor information based on the set of one or more permissions.

Abstract: In a behavior recognition apparatus, a secondary informational item is generated for a corresponding target state of one or more than one target state extracted from each primary informational item acquired. The secondary informational item is represented by two different values, which express respectively (i) corresponding to the target state and (ii) not corresponding to the target state, the two different values being enabled to be added or subtracted. Further, a behavior vector is updated using a determination information group extracted by using a time window from a plurality of the secondary informational items in time series, and the driving behavior of the driver is recognized using the updated behavior vector.