Abstract: Remote devices have replaced keys as a means to access a secure feature of a vehicle. Remote door locks, starters, climate control, trunk openers, etc., have allowed vehicles to be more welcoming and easier to use. However, such functions often rely on radio frequency transmissions that can merely relay signals coming from an authorized device that may allow a nefarious user to access the vehicle or contents therein. By encoding sequence numbers and timestamps within an exchange, a vehicle may determine that an authorized user is too far away to be granted access to the secure feature, thereby denying access to the nefarious user implementing a relay attack on the vehicle.

Abstract: The performance of an action for a transportation vehicle, wherein a relay attack is prevented. In response to a transmission of a first radio signal at a first frequency, on the one hand, a second radio signal at a second frequency is received from an ID transponder authorized for the transportation vehicle and, on the other hand, a further radio signal at the first frequency is received. The action is performed for the transportation vehicle only in response to the second radio signal originating from an ID transponder authorized for the transportation vehicle and only in response to the signal strength of the further radio signal lying below a predefined signal strength threshold.

Abstract: A vehicle system device is provided. The vehicle system device is used in a vehicle system that enables an in-vehicle device used in a vehicle and a mobile device carried by a user to transmit and receive a signal via a wireless communication. The vehicle system device may measure a time from a time point at which a reception intensity of the signal exceeds a threshold to a time point at which the reception intensity falls below the threshold.

Abstract: A portable device searching device includes a transmitter that transmits search information to a search area near a vehicle to search for a portable device, a receiver that receives authentication information returned from the portable device as a response to the search information, and a controller that controls the transmitter and the receiver. The receiver includes an authentication portion to authenticate the portable device based on the authentication information and notifies the controller of an authentication result. The controller performs control to transmit the search information in a normal operation state, subsequently transitions to a low-power consumption state, and returns from the low-power consumption state to the normal operation state when notified of the authentication result from the receiver.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides a system for performing a real-time, in-the-field switching-sequence simulation for a power system that includes a plurality of switching devices. During operation, the system receives a request, from a user at a handheld device, to perform an operation on a switching device in the power system. In response to the request, the system identifies the switching device from the plurality of switching devices, obtains instant status information associated with the plurality of switching devices, and runs a simulation, at the hand-held device, based on the instant status information and the identified switch device. The system then determines whether the operation is allowed based on an outcome of the simulation.

Abstract: A method of detecting an RFID tag includes transmitting a bait RFID read signal at a bait power level and a simulated response signal at a simulated-response power level. A selected reader frequency is monitored for a selected detection time. A skimmer is determined to be present if a skimmer RFID read signal is detected during that time. If a skimmer is not determined to be present, multiple read signals are transmitted sequentially, each signal at a respective read power level. At least one of the read power levels is lower than the bait power level, at least one of the read power levels is lower than the simulated-response power level, and at least two of the read power levels are different from each other. A selected response frequency for a tag is monitored for a response from an RFID tag.

Abstract: A method for teaching a switching circuit is provided. The method includes presenting a target within a sensing range of a sensor of the switching circuit for a pre-determined duration and acquiring an identification code of the target via the sensor. The method also includes storing the acquired identification code for operating the switching circuit and locking the switching circuit against learning identification codes of any other target prior to reaching an allowed number of reteaching attempts.

Abstract: Method for preventing security breaches via the two-thief method of attack of passive remote keyless entry systems for vehicles. The method involves the measurement of air travel time of the RF messages between the RKE fob and the vehicle. Multiple round trips between the fob and the vehicle are employed to magnify the distance covered by the messages and thereby allow accurate measurement of the air travel time.

Abstract: A smart interlock system and a working method thereof. The smart interlock system includes a lock (1), an unlocking device (2) and a logic generator (3). The logic generator (3) comprises a logic generation module and a logic communication module. The logic generation module generates identity identification logic and state identification logic of the lock, and the two kinds of logic are sent to the unlocking device (2) through the logic communication module. The lock (1) comprises a lock tongue (102), a lock head (106) and an identity and state converting module (104). The unlocking device (2) comprises an unlocking module for starting the lock head to move, an identity identifying module (201) and a communication module.

Abstract: A weapons container for releasing a defense weapon includes a cabinet, a cabinet door, and an interior securing the defense weapon. Upon detection of a fingerprint input by a biometric sensor, a surveillance camera captures video and an audio intercom provides communication with a central command center. A recording system saves the video and audio to a storage database. A delay release lock secures the defense weapon for an amount of time and releases the defense weapon depending on a signal from the central command center. A communications system is connected over a network to the central command center, a local authority, and an emergency responder. The communications system notifies the local authority or the emergency responder upon detection of the fingerprint input and streams the video and audio to the central command center and at least one of the local authority and the emergency responder over the Internet.

Abstract: A hands-free system and method for opening a trunk, that include a trunk antenna and a smart key that transmits a sensing response signal or an authentication response signal, when receiving a sensing signal or an authentication signal from the trunk antenna. In addition, the smart key receives and stores a hands-free function setting and transmits the sensing response signal with function setting information when the hands-free function is set. Further, a receiving antenna receives a sensing response signal or an authentication response signal from the smart key. A controller transmits an authentication signal when the trunk antenna transmits a sensing signal during a predetermined period and the receiving antenna receives a sensing response signal that includes function setting information a predetermined number of times. The controller performs authentication when the receiving antenna receives an authentication response signal and outputs a trunk opening signal when the authentication is allowed.

Abstract: An RFID reader system has an RFID tag and an RFID reader. The tag authorizes the RFID reader by receiving a plurality of successively-transmitted initial RFID read signals and determining respective initial-read signal power levels of the received initial RFID read signals. Using the determined initial-read signal power levels, a controller automatically selects an authorization sequence. A plurality of successively-transmitted authorization RFID signals are received sequentially, and respective authorization-signal power levels of the received authorization RFID read signals are determined. The determined authorization-signal power levels are automatically compared to the authorization sequence using the controller, so that the RFID reader is authorized if the determined authorization-signal power levels correspond to the authorization sequence.

Abstract: The system for controlling vehicle ignition provides three separate levels of access to prevent unauthorized users from actuating ignition of a vehicle. The system includes a radio frequency identification tag having permanent computer readable memory and volatile computer readable memory associated therewith. The radio frequency identification tag is preferably embedded within a vehicle key. A predetermined permanently assigned authentication code is stored in the permanent computer readable memory and a variable time stamp is stored in the volatile computer readable memory. The permanently assigned authentication code and the variable time stamp are transmitted upon activation of the radio frequency identification tag. Vehicle ignition occurs only upon the mechanical operation of the key in a conventional ignition switch and matching of both the permanently assigned authentication code and the variable time stamp with codes and stamps stored in vehicle memory.

Abstract: There is included a detection unit for detecting a magnitude of a surplus of a direct current to a source voltage generated by a voltage generation unit generating the source voltage from the direct current obtained by rectifying a signal inputted from an antenna terminal. A data processing unit operating at the source voltage and performing data processing on a transmission/reception signal includes a clock control unit for determining a frequency of a clock signal for the data processing based on the magnitude of the surplus current detected by the detection unit in a state where a frequency of the clock signal is set to a predetermined reference frequency. Since the power consumed by the data processing unit at the time of detecting the surplus of the direct current is determined by the specific reference frequency, the surplus of the direct current can be detected as an absolute surplus.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an active data tag device (100) which includes an expiration event generator (108), and a memory (106) which has tag data (116) stored therein. Upon the occurrence (614) of and expiration event, the tag disables access to the tag data.

Abstract: A method of protection of a near-field contactless communication system against malicious attacks. The method includes exchange of information between a reader and a contactless card of duration T, measured with respect to a starting instant t0 seen from the reader, decoding of this information by the card, sending by the card a return signal temporally set with respect to an instant t?0+T, where t?0 is the starting instant as seen by the card taking into account delays in propagation or processing of signals received from the reader, detection of the return signal by the reader, determination of the temporal setting of the return signal with respect to the starting instant t0, and interruption of communication by the reader if the temporal setting of the return signal detected is not equal to the instant t0+T with a predetermined margin of error. The return signal is a pseudo-random sequence.

Abstract: The present application relates to software on phones for displaying local times of distant parties as to allow users of the software to shape their behavior based on the social and business expectations related to those local times. Local times are retrieved by communicating with a directory number information service. The directory number information service can receive a user identifier from a phone application identifying a remote party. The service can retrieve a location of the remote party identified by the user identifier. The service can determine a local time of the remote party based on the remote party's location and provide the local time to the phone application for display. Social statuses can also be provided. The phone can create a call log for incoming calls made by remote parties. The calculated local time can be used for updating software on the phones.

Abstract: Improved power management for a vehicle locating unit is achieved by receiving a transmission from a communication source, each transmission including at least one message frame having a data field and at least one auxiliary field; entering a wake mode upon indexing the assigned message frame of the receiver in the transmission; matching the pattern of bits of at least one auxiliary field of the indexed frame with one or more stored patterns of bits expected for that auxiliary field; and returning to the sleep mode as soon as a mismatch is determined or processing the message if no mismatch occurs.

Abstract: A communication system includes a first information processing device, a plurality of processing portions, a storage portion, and a second information processing device. The first information processing device includes a processing command transmission portion that transmits to the second information processing device, by non-contact communication, a processing command that includes one of a plurality of identification information items. Each of the processing portions is uniquely associated with one of the identification information items. The storage portion stores a correspondence information item that indicates a correspondence between one of the identification information items and one of the processing portions.

Abstract: A system and method of passive approach detection is provided. The method comprises: transmitting a plurality of data signals corresponding to multiple power levels respectively from a fob device based on motion detected in the fob device; each of the plurality of data signals includes initial bytes encoded with a power level and transmitter identification (ID); receiving one or more of the plurality of data signals at a receiver based on the distance between the fob device and the receiver; filtering out signals at a secondary processor by comparing one or more of the plurality of data signals received to a predetermined list of signals valid for reception; and transmitting a wake-up signal to a primary processor based on the comparison, the wake-up signal enabling the primary processor to transition from a sleep mode to a wake-up mode.

Abstract: A system and method is disclosed, including establishing of data connections between electronic devices. One embodiment provides a method for establishing a data connection between a first and a second electronic device, wherein establishing the data connection is authorized by executing at least one action with at least one physical tool.

Abstract: A smart communication system and method for a vehicle includes a master switch for toggling smart functionality on and off. An actuation signal is received by a control unit corresponding to a particular vehicle function. The actuation signal indicates that a corresponding actuating operation is occurring. The control unit determines whether the master switch is in an ON position. A key fob of the vehicle is confirmed to be within a search field of the vehicle when the master switch is determined to be in the ON position. The particular vehicle function is actuated when the key fob is confirmed to be within the search field; otherwise, manual actuation of the particular vehicle function is required.

Abstract: A remote control device and method, the remote control being changeable between an unlocked state and a locked state includes a communicating unit for allowing the remote control device to communicate with and remotely control a controlled apparatus and a processor electronically connected with the communicating unit. The processor is configured for unlocking the remote control device from the locked state, such that the remote control device communicates with and remotely control the controlled apparatus, and is configured for locking the remote control device into the locked state, such that communication between the remote control device and the controlled apparatus is disabled the remote control device cannot remotely control the controller apparatus. A method for preventing accidental operations of the remote control device is also disclosed.

Abstract: A multifunction unit for control of multimedia equipment; the unit might act as a stand-alone device or being integrated into the multimedia equipment. Different individual combinations of individual objects enable for different functional capabilities. The multifunction unit for control of multimedia equipment has access to external sources via standard network interfaces and protocols.

Abstract: A technique for saving power in a tag that is operationally connected to an asset involves using telemetry data to enter an appropriate power state. An asset tracking system according to the technique can make use of context to better track assets to which power-saving tags are operationally connected. Secure tag configuration techniques and asset-agnostic tags are described. Location-agnostic tags are also described.

Abstract: A control system has a control device for performing a control of a predetermined process, and a communication device for communicating with the control device. The control device has a first transmission unit for transmitting a request signal requesting for transmission of a response signal to the communication device, a first reception unit for receiving the response signal transmitted through a predetermined procedure from the communication device in response to the request signal transmitted by the first transmission unit, an authentication unit for performing authentication of the communication device using identification information of the communication device contained in the response signal received by the first reception unit and identification information of the communication device registered in advance, and a process executing unit for executing the predetermined process when the authentication of the communication device by the authentication unit is successful.

Abstract: An electronic key system that performs ID verification communication to verify an ID of an electronic key. The ID verification communication is started by transmission of a wireless signal from a vehicle and performed between the vehicle and the electronic key. The electronic key system determines the location of the electronic key in accordance with the received signal strength of a radio wave used for the ID verification communication. A signal strength measurement circuit measures a first signal strength, which is the received signal strength when a signal from the electronic key is received, and a second signal strength, which is the received signal strength of the radio wave during a vacant time when the electronic key is performing the ID verification communication. A control unit controls operation of the electronic key in accordance with a measurement result of the first and second signal strengths.

Abstract: An apparatus, device, methods, computer program product, and system are described that make a determination that a first device associated with a vehicle is in proximity to a wireless device, transmit a signal from the first device to the wireless device to cause the wireless device to display information related to the vehicle, and perform an operation with respect to the vehicle based at least in part on the determination.

Abstract: A vehicle transceiver module is provided for use in a synchronous communication system including the vehicle transceiver module and one or more key fobs, each of the key fobs including a key fob transceiver for transmitting and receiving signals. The vehicle transceiver module includes transceiver circuitry, a controller, a storage device and power control circuitry. The transceiver circuitry receives the signal transmitted by the key fob transceiver and provides it to the controller. The controller is coupled to the transceiver for determining an offset value associated with one of the key fobs in response to an offset time duration between a reception time of the signal from the key fob and a first expected reception time of the signal from the key fob. The storage device is coupled to the controller for receiving the offset value associated with the key fob from the controller and stores the offset value along with information identifying the key fob.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for identifying a plurality of moving tags by using a plurality of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) readers. The technology of the present invention efficiently identifies multiple moving tags to thereby improve the identification rate and reading speed of an RFID system and increase the throughput of the RFID system. The method for identifying a plurality of moving tags by using a plurality of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) readers includes the steps of: a) grouping the multiple tags into a predetermined number of tag groups; b) allocating the tag groups to the RFID readers respectively; and c) identifying tags of each allocated tag group in each RFID reader.

Abstract: A self-powered electronic lock is provided having a housing, a lock element mounted in the housing for movement relative to the housing between a locked position and an unlocked position, a code input device operating with a first set of electronics, and an electric actuator operating with a second set of electronics. The electric actuator is operatively coupled with the lock element to allow movement of the lock element from the locked position to the unlocked position. A first electric power generator is operative by a user to supply electrical power for operating the code input device and the first set of electronics. A second electric power generator is operative to supply electrical power for operating the electric actuator and the second set of electronics. The first and the second set of electronics are electrically isolated and are synchronized to generate a common number for a combination code.

Abstract: A remote control device and method, the remote control being changeable between an unlocked state and a locked state includes a communicating unit for allowing the remote control device to communicate with and remotely control a controlled apparatus and a processor electronically connected with the communicating unit. The processor is configured for unlocking the remote control device from the locked state, such that the remote control device communicates with and remotely control the controlled apparatus, and is configured for locking the remote control device into the locked state, such that communication between the remote control device and the controlled apparatus is disabled the remote control device cannot remotely control the controller apparatus. A method for preventing accidental operations of the remote control device is also disclosed.

Abstract: A system and method provide efficient, secure, and highly reliable authentication for transaction processing and/or access control applications. A Personal Digital Key is a portable device carried by an individual that stores one or more profiles (e.g., a biometric profile) in a tamper-proof memory. When multiple PDKs are present at the point of the transaction, the system automatically determines which PDK to associate with the authentication and transaction processes. The differentiation decision is based on one or more differentiation metrics including distance information, location information, and detection duration information associated with each of the PDKs within range. Profile samples comprising subsets of the profile information are received to provide a quick correlation between a PDK an input sample (e.g., a subset of a biometric input). After determining which PDK should be associated with the transaction, a full authentication process is executed.

Abstract: An example base station assembly includes a transmitter configured to communicate a challenge signal and at least one timing signal to a plurality of fobs. The base station initiates a vehicle operation in response to at least one return signal. The return signal is communicated to the base station from at least one of the fobs in response to the timing signal.

Abstract: A security system comprises a system control panel for arming and disarming the security system. A door sensing unit comprises a first radio frequency (RF) transceiver interconnected with the system control panel over a network. The first RF transceiver is mounted proximate to a door that defines at least a portion of a perimeter around an area to be monitored by the security system. The first RF transceiver has an RF detection field proximate to the door. A disarm device comprises a second RF transceiver that automatically transmits a disarm device packet. The first RF transceiver receives the disarm device packet when the second RF transceiver is within the RF detection field. The first RF transceiver sends a disarm message to the system control panel over the network to disarm the security system based on at least the disarm device packet.

Abstract: An IC tag for monitoring opening/closing operation 86 is attached on the backside of the glass frame 111 at its upper right portion, and on a main body frame 110 opposing to the glass frame 111, an antenna for monitoring 68 is attached. An IC tag for monitoring opening/closing operation 186 is attached on the inside of the right frame of the wooden frame 112, and on the main body frame 111 opposing to the wooden frame 112, an antenna for monitoring 168 is attached. The distance between these antenna and IC tags is respectively set to about 3 mm in a state where the frames on which they are provided are closed. A R/W unit always polls the IC tags via the antennas. When the glass frame 111 or the main body frame 110 is opened and the distance between the antenna and the IC tag exceeds about 5 mm, the communication becomes unavailable and this state is immediately detected. An antenna for key 128 is buried above a keyhole 120.

Abstract: A smart entry system for a vehicle includes a transmitter on a vehicle and a portable unit carried by a user. The transmitter transmits a request signal which defines a user detection area to detect whether the portable unit transmits a response signal to indicate the user. When the user enters the detection area while all the doors are locked, an unlock standby state is set. When the user touches a touch sensor of a driver-seat side door under the unlock standby state, only the driver-seat side door is first unlocked. The other doors are kept locked if the user opens the D-door by the time when T2 seconds elapse. On the other hand, all the doors are unlocked when T2 elapses while the driver-seat side door is not opened.

Abstract: A system is disclosed including a transmitter and receiver for the communication of security codes which may be validated at the receiver to operate equipment. In one embodiment, the transmitter transmits a security code at two frequencies contemporaneously to the receiver which may receive both frequencies and resolve the security code therefrom. The receiver may lock onto one frequency to the exclusion of the other frequency when parts of a security code are detected. In another embodiment, the transmitter selectively transmits security codes at a default frequency which is selected because of a recorded count of prior apparent successful transmission.

Abstract: A vending machine uses a field-programmable electronic lock that learns a key code from a corresponding electronic key. The electronic lock has a learning process activation device that is accessible when the door of the vending machine is in the open position. Using the learning process activation device, a service person activates the electronic lock to perform a key code learning operation, in which the electronic lock receives a key code transmitted from an electronic key and stores the key code in a non-volatile memory for future access control of the vending machine. Data encryption is employed in the communications between the key and the lock to ensure the security of the communications. A communication device installed in the vending machine for communicating with a home base computer allows the operation of the electronic lock to be remotely controlled for access control and auditing purposes.

Abstract: A reader/writer apparatus to communicate with an external radio communication apparatus in accordance with instructions from a controller apparatus is provided. The reader/writer apparatus includes a storage unit including one or more key storing segments to store access keys that enable communication with the radio communication apparatus; an access key searching unit configured to search for an access key stored in one of the key storing segments on the basis of key-associated information that is received from the controller apparatus and that can uniquely specify the access key; and a communication unit configured to receive instructions from the controller apparatus, generate a command corresponding to the instructions, and transmit the command to the radio communication apparatus by using the access key obtained by the access key searching unit.

Abstract: An operating system for a motorized barrier includes an operator for controlling movement of the barrier between various positions. The operator may receive wireless signals from a wireless or wired wall station transmitter, a wireless keyless entry device and/or a portable remote transmitter device. The system also includes a device such as a light kit or switch that controls a load, wherein the device is capable of also receiving wireless signals to control the kit or the load. And the transmitters are capable of generating wireless signals receivable by the operator and the device for independent operation of each.

Abstract: Methods and systems for managing communication between a key fob and a host device are provided. In one implementation, the system includes a key fob configured to operate in accordance with one of a plurality of modes, including an automatic mode and a manual mode. The system further includes a host device associated with the key fob, wherein responsive to the key fob operating in accordance with the automatic mode, the key fob is configured to page periodically, and the host device is configured to page-scan periodically to detect a page from the key fob. In one implementation, the key fob further includes a controller configured to dynamically adjust a signal strength of a communication signal between the key fob and the host device in accordance with a mode of operation selected (or desired) by the user.

Abstract: A method for selectively controlling a security system comprises receiving a tag identification, determining a security identification based on the tag identification, and transmitting a message comprising the security identification and a security system command. A security system having a unique security identification comprises a control device for controlling the security system, wherein the control device transmits a message to the security system comprising the unique security identification and a function command, the control device comprising keypad for entering a tag identification corresponding to the unique security identification.

Abstract: An operator system and related methods for automatically controlling access barriers including a controller associated with at least one access barrier and a transceiver associated with the controller for transmitting and receiving operational signals. The system also includes at least one proximity device capable of communicating operational signals with the transceiver based upon a position of the proximity device with respect to the barrier, wherein the controller monitors the operational signals and controls the position of the access barrier based upon the operation signals. Such a system allows for hands-free operation of the access barrier. Ground loop detectors and a global positioning system may also be incorporated into the system. And the system may be used to control the directional flow of traffic on a one-way road.

Abstract: An automotive keyless smart-start assembly 10 for use in an automobile 22 is provided including an automotive engine 18 having an operating condition and a stopped condition. An ignition controller 16, having a locked state and an unlocked state, is in communication with the automotive engine 18. A receptacle bin 20 is mounted to the automobile 22 and is in communication with the ignition controller 16. The receptacle bin 20 is movable between a closed position 34 and an open position 32. A portable electronic transmitter element 12, including a security code 14, communicates the security code 14 to the ignition controller 16 upon being positioned within the receptacle bin 20. The ignition controller 16 verifies the security code 14 and moves to the unlocked state upon verification. The receptacle bin 20 moves to the closed position 34 upon verification.

Abstract: In a remote control apparatus, for achieving remote control of an on-vehicle equipment, in accordance with a request received from a terminal other than the on-vehicle equipment, wherein a request receiver portion 101 receives control content from a stationary-type terminal 301 or a portable-type terminal 302, thereby registering it into a control information DB 105, while corresponding it to ID information of a user thereof. Upon receipt of the ID information from the on-vehicle equipment 20, a control information transmitter portion 102 transmits the control information depending upon the control content, being registered in the control information DB 105 corresponding thereto, to the on-vehicle equipment 20. With this, the on-vehicle equipment 20 is controlled in accordance with the control content, which was received from the user in advance, remotely.

Abstract: A remote control apparatus for a light vehicle having an engine, a movably mounted saddle-type seat, and a storage box positioned below the seat, the remote control apparatus including a portable transmitter and a receiver, wherein the portable transmitter is provided to be carried by a user remotely from the vehicle, and is operable to send signals to the receiver. The receiver is disposed in one of the storage box and the seat so as to be protected from adverse environmental conditions, and receives the signals from the portable transmitter. When a signal received by said receiver is a predetermined ID signal, the remote control system operates to enable at least starting of the engine.

Abstract: A lock is operated by a lock controller that receives identifying signals transmitted from one or more wireless key devices. Weights are assigned to the identifying signals, and the lock is operated only if the weights of the received identifying signals satisfy a condition, such as a threshold condition applied to their sum. The weights are preferably assigned by counting the number of times each identifying signal is registered in the lock controller. The count may be kept in the lock controller or in the wireless key device itself.

Abstract: In a security ECU, a CPU instructs a request generation circuit to generate a request signal in the normal operation mode. Thereafter, the CPU shifts from the normal operation mode to the low-power consumption mode. The request generation circuit utilizes clock signals generated by a clock signal generation circuit and continues operation even after the CPU shifts to the low-power consumption mode. Thus, the time for which the CPU operates in the normal operation mode can be reduced, and the power consumption of the entire system is thereby reduced.

Abstract: A universal remote control (10) is provided for wireless remote control of one or more devices (D1 . . . Dn) equipped for remote control by respective original remote controls having visual appearances different from one another. The universal remote control (10) includes: a memory (40) that stores one or more descriptions associated with one or more original remote controls that are selectively emulated by the universal remote control (10), the descriptions including information describing the visual appearances of the original remote controls that the descriptions are associated with; and, a graphical user interface (20) upon which is displayed a representation of one of the original remote controls selected for emulation by the universal remote control (10), the representation having a visual appearance substantially the same as the original remote control being emulated.