Abstract: A flame sensing system having a flame rod, a signal generator, a signal measurement circuit, and a controller, where the frequency and/or amplitude of the excitation signal may be variable. The signal measurement circuit may include a bias circuitry that references the flame signal to a voltage, a capacitor that varies the filtration, an AC coupling capacitor, a current limiting resistor, and a low-pass filter. The system may determine the flame-sensing rod contamination, the stray capacitance of the flame sensing system, and compensate for stray capacitance in the flame sensing system. The flame model may include a circuit that simulates a flame in the presence of the sensing rod, and another circuit that simulates a contact surface between the flame and the sensing rod.

Abstract: An alarm unit of the invention is provided with: a light emitting section; a battery power supply; a voltage booster circuit that boosts a voltage from this battery power supply to thereby generate a boosted voltage; a light emission control section that controls the voltage booster circuit to supply, with the timing at which the boosted voltage is obtained, the boosted voltage to the light emitting section, thereby intermittently driving light emission; a light receiving section that receives light from the light emitting section having been diffused by smoke; a conversion circuit that converts a received light signal from the light receiving section into received light data; a fire hazard detection section that detects a fire hazard based on the received light data from the conversion circuit; an alarm section that outputs an alarm based on a fire hazard detection signal from the fire hazard detection section; a reference voltage circuit that generates a reference voltage for the voltage booster circuit and

Abstract: A low cost flame sensing system having at last one floating point. For instance, the system may have two grounds. There may be a flame sensing rod for detecting a flame which has a model circuit which appears upon the existence of the flame proximate to the sensing rod. The sensing rod may function without an explicit or dedicated excitation source connected to it. There may be diagnostics in the system for detecting leakage or shorts of the sensing rod to ground. Also, the system may have AC grounding phase detection.

Abstract: Combustion instability in combustion appliances may be recognized before excessive carbon monoxide may be produced. In some instances, combustion instability may be manifested in flame oscillation, or rather, in oscillations in flame intensity as measured, for example, by a flame sensor. If flame instability is detected, appliance operation may be corrected or terminated.

Abstract: A device and method for detecting flame using real-time continuous imaging and pattern recognition of infrared (IR) images of a flame region. Infrared emissions radiated from the region pass through a wide field-of-view lens and are detected by a Charged-Coupled Device (CCD) array sensitive to the near IR range. The system then digitizes the image, extracts characteristic parameters from the measurement and stores both the image and characteristic information for pattern recognition. To accomplish the pattern recognition function, the derived real-time characteristics of the current measurement are statistically compared to pre-stored patterns representative of images of radiation emitted from the region while known flame conditions prevail within the region. Based on this comparison, an assessment is made to determine the presence or absence of flame. The characteristic measurements are also used for evaluating the quality of flame.

Abstract: A dual condition fire/smoke detector system includes a housing and a sensor comprising at least two of a photoelectric sensor, a heat sensor, an ionization sensor or a carbon monoxide sensor disposed within the housing. A wireless communication system associated with the sensor enables communication of the detector with a remote device via a wireless receiver and a wireless transmitter. A light source associated with the housing may be positioned to illuminate an exit in response to a hazard detected by any of the aforementioned sensors.

Abstract: An apparatus for varying a length of a flame scanner assembly for monitoring a flame includes a mounting shaft which connects to a fiber optic cable assembly; and a spool assembly having a first end and a second opposite end. The first end connects to a detector head assembly and the second end is configured to connect to a guide pipe. The second end of the spool assembly receives one end of the mounting shaft and a length of the flame scanner assembly is adjusted via telescopic interconnection between the second end of the spool assembly and the one end of the mounting shaft such that longitudinal displacement therebetween may be varied by slidable displacement of the mounting shaft relative to the spool assembly.

Abstract: To eliminate the drawbacks of false alarm problems due to mimic flame features of sunlight or moonlight reflecting on wave or mimic flame features of fabrics, animals or stage flames and alarm failures of methanol or ethanol burning flames or flames under a high illumination background condition, a multi-wavelength video image fire detecting system is disclosed consisting of a multi-wavelength video image fire detector, which is comprised of a color and near IR dual-mode camera, a color and B/W dual-mode camera, an image capture module, a processor and controller, an I/O module, a housing and a visible light and near IR view window, an alarm and indicate equipment, a setting and debugging system, a communication equipment, an area alarm and monitor system, and a pan & title and control system.

Abstract: An optical network terminal (ONT) includes an input device coupled to at least one sensing device mounted in a structure, and an output coupled to a passive optical network (PON). The ONT also includes a processor programmed to receive security information from the input device, determine if an alarm condition exists using the security information, and transmit an alarm to the output based on the determination. The processor is programmed to detect an open circuit between the sensing device and the ONT, and to generate an alarm if an open circuit is detected. The processor is also programmed to receive information from a keypad located remotely from the ONT. The keypad is utilized to program the ONT from the remote location.

Abstract: A long range optical sensor and system for detecting the flame of forest fires or other fires while rejecting false alarms due to solar radiation is described. The sensor utilizes a collector optic that collects energy from a wide field of view and concentrates the energy onto a detector. The collector may be a non-imaging collector and may match to a non-planar sensor. In one embodiment the sensor may be arrayed to achieve larger area coverage. In another, the sensor system may be scanned to increase the encompassed viewing area. Larger areas may be covered by RF radio links or networks interconnecting multiple arrayed sensor modules. UVC reflective coatings may include enhanced aluminum with silicon dioxide, silicon monoxide, or magnesium fluoride, or high phosphorous nickel phosphorous. In one embodiment a UVC sensitive Geiger Mueller tube may be coupled to a non-imaging spherical reflective collector. A catadioptric UVC/infra-red flame sensor is disclosed. Refractive or reflective designs are considered.

Abstract: A portable, handheld artificial light detector distinguishes artificial light from sunlight and identifies low-frequency artificial light from high-frequency artificial light. Artificial light includes light from a lamp powered by an AC source. Low frequency light includes, for example, light produced by a magnetic luminaire ballast, while high frequency light includes light produced by an electronic luminaire ballast.

Abstract: Systems and methods for detecting presence and movement of pests. Various embodiments of a pest detection system can be based on, for example, a beam-interrupt detector or a thermal imaging device. The beam-interrupt detection based system can provide functionalities such as counting of pests crossing a given beam. A plurality of such beams at different heights can also allow distinguishing different sized pests. The thermal imaging based detection system can provide functionalities such as tracking movement of pests. A recording can be triggered by detection of pest movement, thereby improving the efficiency of recording and reviewing information indicative of presence and movement of pests in a monitored area. Movement of pests can be monitored on a passive basis, or by providing a stimulus that induces movement.

Abstract: Techniques for monitoring operation of a flame ignitor are provided. In one embodiment, multiple inputs are received. The inputs are received from at least one of a first group of inputs and a second group of inputs. The first group includes a flame rod voltage, a stop signal for deactivation of the flame ignitor, a fuel supply interruption signal, and an air supply interruption signal. The second group includes a start signal for activation of the flame ignitor, and a flame proven signal indicating presence of a flame produced by the flame ignitor. If inputs from the first group are received, a cause of a failure of the flame ignitor is determined. If inputs from the second group are received, a reliability of the flame ignitor is determined.

Abstract: Embodiments include apparatus and method of detecting radiation. One embodiment comprises device for detecting radiation. The device comprises a sensor configured to generate an electrical signal in response to radiation and a test circuit configured to provide an electrical signal to the sensor. Certain embodiments are configured as nuclear event detectors that are configured to detect radiation from a nuclear event.

Abstract: The invention refers to an electronic system for defence against fires in forest areas and more generally for monitoring the territory. The system comprises a network of alarm stations (SA) distributed over the territory being controlled, where each alarm station (SA) is enclosed in an air-scaled mechanically-sealed protective casing and comprises at least one sensor (S1-S3), a microcontroller (MC), a transceiver (RTX) at low power radiofrequency fitted with antenna (A) and a battery (B) for the electric powering of said sensor (S1-S3), said microcontroller (MC) and said transceiver (RTX). The alarm station network (SA) is in wireless communication with at least one intermediate detection unit (CIR) in turn in communication with at least one central control station (SC) controlled by bodies authorised to control and defend the territory.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of detecting a fire in a wooded area. Some trees in the area are provided with a fire sensor having a radiofrequency emitter able to emit information for identifying and/or locating each sensor, according to a grid of the area to be monitored. At each fire sensor, the fire absent or fire present state is detected A fire sensor emits an alert signal to a monitoring post if a fire is present in the vicinity of the sensor. The alert signal contains information for identifying and/or locating the sensor. The alert signal is transmitted from the monitoring post to a fire brigade by means of a long-range radiofrequency link.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting a fire in a scene by infrared radiation image processing includes a means for receiving a sequential plurality of infrared radiation images of the scene, a means for generating for each said image an array of picture elements (pixels), a means for determining for each pixel a value that is representative of the pixel's portion of infrared radiation intensity in the array of the scene image, means for determining a threshold value from the values of the pixels of at least one image, means for identifying a region of at least one pixel in one image of the plurality of images of the scene by comparing the values of the pixels of the one image to the determined threshold value, means for tracking said region through images of the plurality subsequent said one image to determine a change of said region that meets predetermined infrared radiation criteria, and means for detecting the fire in the scene based on the determined change of said region.

Abstract: Combustion instability in combustion appliances may be recognized before excessive carbon monoxide may be produced. In some instances, combustion instability may be manifested in flame oscillation, or rather, in oscillations in flame intensity as measured, for example, by a flame sensor. If flame instability is detected, appliance operation may be corrected or terminated.

Abstract: A method for differentiating between a fire and the manipulation of a fire detector. The fire detector has at least two sensor units, each of which contains a light source and a light collector. A cover plate is formed with at least two light exit and entry windows. The device is used to monitor at least one fire parameter in the area surrounding the fire detector according to a scattered light method. The respective light entry and exit windows on the cover plate are connected to an optical fiber element in such a way that light from the light source of one sensor unit is guided to and captured by the light collector of the other sensor unit.

Abstract: One embodiment includes an electromagnetic sensor which includes a header, an anode connected to a first terminal extending through the header, the anode in electrical isolation from the header, a cathode connected to a second terminal extending through the header, the cathode in electrical isolation from the header, a conductive case including a window transparent to electromagnetic energy, the conductive case enclosing the anode and the cathode and hermetically sealed to the header and an insulative sleeve disposed between the anode and the case and between the cathode and the conductive case.

Abstract: A flame detecting method and device are provided to improve the accuracy of flame detection and reduce the possibilities of the false fire alarm. The flame detecting method and device capture a plurality of images of a monitored area; determines whether a moving area image exists in the plurality of images; analyzes at least one of a color model and a flickering frequency of the moving area image to generate a first analyzed result and compares the first analyzed result with a feature of a reference flame image; analyzes at least one of a variation of a location and an area of the moving area image to generate a second analyzed result and compares the second analyzed result with a predetermined threshold; and determines whether the moving area image is a flame image based on results of the comparing steps.

Abstract: A capacitor connected to a voltage source is charged during a charging phase up to a voltage value, and during a discharging phase the capacitor is discharged via a coupling element connected to the flame sensor. The period for the charging or discharging phase of the capacitor respectively is selected in this case as a function of the characteristics of the flame sensor, especially of its impedance. For flame monitoring the charging and discharging of the capacitor is repeated cyclically, with the voltage signal obtained in this way being evaluated in single-channel mode with the aid of a threshold value.

Abstract: A fire alarm for an installation via a housing that is flush with the ceiling, having at least one light source arranged in the housing and at least one light receiver arranged in the housing, as well as a shutter disk, which seals the housing. To prevent the spreading of stray light between the light source and the light receiver via the shutter disk, a shield, for example, is provided in the shutter disk to suppress or absorb stray light.

Abstract: A method for the detection and combating of forest and surface fires includes the steps of observing and detecting fires using an infrared camera on board an observation aircraft; georeferencing image obtained by the infrared camera pixel-wise using location data of the observation aircraft as obtained by a satellite navigation system; testing the georeferenced infrared image for hot points caused by a fire, and transmitting coordinates of the hot points via a data link to a central data processing system on the ground; automatically generating deployment plans for available firefighting vehicles in the central data processing system taking into consideration data relating to the terrain and data on available firefighting equipment; transferring the deployment plans generated in the central data processing system to on-board management systems of deployed vehicles; representing deployment data and coordinates corresponding to the deployment plans with output apparatus by the on-board management systems of the

Abstract: An alarm device includes a thermocouple arranged in a barbeque to detect a flaming condition of the barbeque and to supply a corresponding analog detection signal, a signal amplifier comparator circuit receiving and amplifying and calibrating the analog detection signal from the thermocouple and supplying a corresponding digital signal, a fuel gas switch detection unit coupled to a fuel gas switch of the barbeque and supplying an ON/OFF signal of the fuel gas switch, a microprocessor connected to the digital signal from the signal amplifier comparator circuit and the ON/OFF signal of the fuel gas switch from the fuel gas switch detection unit so as to drive an alarm drive circuit at the time when the flame of the barbeque is extinguished due to causes rather than shut-off of the fuel gas switch, and in response thereto, the alarm drive circuit activating an alarm element, such as a buzzer or an indicator or both, to issue an alarm of sound or light or both, and a power supply device for powering the alarm dev

Abstract: A flame sensor circuit is used to sense the presence or absence of a flame in a burner. A first sensor generates a first intensity signal which is proportional to the light intensity of the flame in the burner. A second sensor generates a second signal produced by the flicker of the flame. The presence of both the first and second signals is sensed and if both are present, an output signal is generated to indicate the presence of the flame in the burner.

Abstract: This invention relates to a device to monitor the administration of a fluid through a conduit, such as intravenous fluid, and detect the completion of fluid delivery by monitoring the fluid level inside a chamber. The device will monitor, through an optical fluid sensor comprising a radiation source, two sensors, a logic means, and an indicating means, the bottom half of any “user supplied” drip chamber that is normally full during the administration of fluids. When the fluid level in the chamber drops below a predetermined level, the indicating means will initiate an electromechanical device that releases a pinching device to occlude the conduit. The pinching device is a rotary pincher that derives its force from a torsion spring and is held in the open position by the electromechanical device.

Abstract: Techniques for determining a characteristic of a flame are provided by the present invention. Provided are methods as well as devices. A flame is monitored across a contiguous spectral range to detect light emitted by the monitored flame. The contiguous spectral range is segmented into a plurality of discrete ranges, and detected light across each of the one or more of the plurality of discrete ranges is respectively processed to determine at least one characteristic of the flame.

Abstract: Detecting a fire, such as a fire in an aircraft cargo bay, includes receiving a plurality of frames of video information, determining an energy indicator for each of a subset of the plurality of frames, and detecting the presence of fire in response to the energy indicator for each of the subset of the plurality of frames corresponding to a predetermined pattern as a function of time. Detecting a fire may also include comparing energy indicators for each of the subset of the plurality of frames to a reference frame. The reference frame may correspond to a video frame taken when no fire is present or a video frame immediately preceding each of the subset of the plurality of frames. At least some of the subset of the plurality of frames may be provided by a camera having a sensitivity of between 400 nm and 1000 nm that may generates 640×480 pixels per frame. At least some of the subset of the plurality of frames may be provided by a CCD camera or a CMOS camera.

Abstract: A flame detection system includes a plurality of sensors for generating a plurality of respective sensor signals. The plurality of sensors includes a set of discrete optical radiation sensors responsive to flame as well as non-flame emissions. An Artificial Neural Network may be applied in processing the sensor signals to provide an output corresponding to a flame condition.

Abstract: A method for detecting a fire while discriminating against false alarms in a monitored space containing obstructed and partially obstructed views includes the steps of positioning an infrared camera in a location where the camera has both a direct view of a first portion of the monitored space and an obstructed view of a second portion of the monitored space, the camera including a charge coupled device (CCD) array sensitive to wavelengths in the range of from about 400 to about 1000 nm and a long pass filter for transmitting wavelengths greater than about 700 nm; filtering out radiation wavelengths lower than about 700 nm; converting an electrical current from the CCD array to a signal input to a processor; processing the signal; and generating alarms when predetermined criteria are met to indicate the presence of a fire in one or both of the first portion of the monitored space and the second portion of the monitored space.

Abstract: To detect flames burning carbon-free hydrogen-bearing fuels, first, second, and third sensors sense first, second and third regions of an infrared water emission band, and generate first, second, and third signals. A processor generates an alarm when the sensors indicate flame. The first region low cut-off wavelength may be lower than the second region low cut-off wavelength. The third region high cut-off wavelength may be higher than the second region high cut-off wavelength. The combined regions may include nearly the entire water emission band. The processor may discriminate distances to flames using the sensor signals. A fourth sensor may sense moisture concentration, and the processor may discriminate distances based thereon. The regions may be defined such that for a fire, all three regions receive substantial energy, with second region to first region energy ratio less than 1:1 and a second region to third region energy ratio less than 1:1.

Abstract: The measuring arrangement contains a measuring cell and a reference cell, respectively, and microphones assigned to these cells, to which microphones an electronic evaluation circuit is connected and in which a subtraction of the signals of the microphones takes place, as well as a radiation source for applying a modulated signal to the measuring cell. The modulation frequency of the radiation source coincides with the resonant frequency of the measuring cell, and the measuring cell and the reference cell are open at at least one end to the gas to and/or aerosol to be detected. The measuring arrangement is used as smoke alarm, gas alarm, fire hazard alarm or as combined smoke and gas alarm, wherein each of the measuring cells is exposed to a radiation of a wavelength at which a relevant substance to be detected is absorbent and an opto-acoustic effect is produced as a result.

Abstract: A flame detector and burner fuel valve control has an ultraviolet sensitive, cold cathode, gas discharge tube in a DC quench circuit. In the presence of a flame, the circuit generates a pulse signal at a frequency related to the intensity of radiation from the flame. The pulse signal from a contaminated tube is at a higher frequency. A frequency discriminator circuit distinguishes between a flame responsive signal and a contaminated tube signal and controls the burner fuel valve.

Abstract: A break-in detection system includes a detection sensor of an FBG type for detecting an intruder trying to climb over a fence around a premises, and a detection sensor of an OTDR type for detecting an intruder trying to demolish the fence. A fiber optic cable used as a detection sensor has a sensor core wire and a LAN transmission core wire arranged in parallel to form a LAN transmission channel. The LAN transmission core wire transmits videotaped image signals from ITV cameras and image control signals two ways between a monitoring room and an ITV control device. The LAN transmission channel is available for connection by IP telephone sets, a LAN terminal, a wireless LAN terminal, and an IP-BOX for internet communication. The system has excellent reliability and maintenance-free characteristics.

Abstract: A method and system for detecting and extinguishing fires, and for sharing fire retardant throughout a network of interconnected reservoirs, is self-sealing and autonomous. The system isolates reservoirs when interconnection piping is damaged, and shares retardant to the fire location(s) as needed by routing retardant through undamaged piping segments. Reservoir sensors, fire sensors, damage sensors, valves, redundant and spatially separated flow paths, controllers, and manual over-rides all provide the method and system for detecting and extinguishing major fires automatically, and reacting to system damages. The system is best suited for large buildings or structures such as office buildings, large-scale warehouses, sky-scrapers, cruise ships, aircraft carriers, and the like.

Abstract: A contactless ambient condition detection system includes at least one base connectable to a power and signal transmitting cable and a compatible detector. The detector removably engages the base. Electrical energy, from the cable is wirelessly coupled to the detector via the base. The detector is in wireless bidirectional communication with the base. Alarm indicating signals, generated remotely, can be wirelessly coupled, from the cable via the base, to the detector. Locally generated alarms can be wirelessly coupled to the cable. Detectors can be replaced without exposing the installer to AC contacts.

Abstract: A plurality of sensors are positioned in a home. Sensor fire data is delivered to a remote server, and the sensor fire data is segmented into single-state blocks broken up by door opening and closing events. The door opening and closing events represent potential state changes in the home where the number of people present in the home may have changed. The raw data from the sensor fires are then processed into adjacent sensor fires and used to populate adjacency matrices and frequency distributions. That information is subjected to a statistical goodness-of-fit test, which reveals a probability indicating the likelihood a given data block should be attributed with the single or multiple person state. The single versus multiple person state is passed along with these data to the remainder of the data analyses, which can then be properly aware of which data should be treated with due suspicion.

Abstract: A method of operating a computer for smoke and flame detection comprising the steps of: receiving digitised images of the region to be monitored; comparing pixels of one of said images with pixels of another said image according to two predetermined procedures to produce a flame present decision and a smoke present decision; and providing a fire detected signal according to said smoke present and flame present decisions.

Abstract: A temperature warning system for a fireplace includes, for example, an arrangement to sense a temperature of at least one area of the fireplace and a signaling device controlled by the arrangement to provide a signal responsive to the temperature of the area. The arrangement may include an electrical circuit including a thermistor positioned outside the viewing area to measure the temperature of an area of the fireplace. The signaling device may include visual or audible signaling devices for signaling to a user when an area of the fireplace is above a threshold temperature.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the detection of flame by entering (S1) a video signal into an algorithm which processes individual pixels in (S2) a frequency band is determined and used as a filter (S3) applies a threshold to create a map of significant movement (S4) applies an awareness map (S5) a number of parameters are calculated to decide whether flame is present in the video images being processed (S6) applies further filtering before indicating an alarm registering the presence of a flame threat.

Abstract: Method for automatically detecting fires, based on flame and/or smoke recognition by analyzing a sequence of images. The analysis is based on several image processing algorithms. One algorithm consists in comparing the frequency content of at least an image of said sequence with the frequency content of a reference image so as to detect an attenuation of high frequencies independently of variations on other portions of the spectrum.

Abstract: A light scattering type smoke sensor comprising a holder with openings embedded with light emitting part and light detecting part respectively, which do not protrude into the smoke detection chamber. The optical axis of light emitting part intersects at a predetermined first angle ? in the horizontal direction with the optical axis of the light detecting part at a predetermined second angle ? in the vertical direction. The optical axis of the light emitting part and optical axis of the light detecting part further comprise a configuration angle ? in the range of 90˜120 degrees used as the supplementary angle for the scattering angle ?. Accordingly, the smoke detection part is further constituted in a thin-shaped light scattering smoke sensor which enables the setup of a scattering angle with no directivity in the smoke influx to the smoke detection chamber.

Abstract: A UV flame sensor is formed on a multilayer printed circuit board. The circuitry of the sensor includes a photodiode for detecting an input signal, an amplifier for amplifying the input signal, a FET for providing automatic gain control, and at least one capacitor for providing stability to the output signal of the amplifier. The capacitor is formed from a capacitance laminate buried in the PCB. Furthermore, the PCB is designed so that there are guard bands disposed on each layer of the PCB at identical positions, and tracks of equal potential disposed in identical locations on the interior layers of the PCB. These guard bands and tracks are identically shaped. A method of producing the flame sensor is also described.

Abstract: A dispersion light smoke detector has a structure for providing a definite measuring volume, the structure being formed as two light receivers or an imaging optical system for one light receiver.

Abstract: An electrical wiring monitoring system for sensing overheating of electrical lines which could result in electrical fires. The electrical wiring monitoring system includes a housing member having front and side walls and being adapted to be mounted to a wall structure near a fuse box; and also includes a cover member being hingedly attached to the housing member and being closeable over the front wall of the housing member; and further includes a monitor assembly including a microprocessor being disposed in the housing member, and also including a power source being connected to the microprocessor, and further including an alarm-sounding assembly being connected to the microprocessor, and also including an electrical line control/display assembly being connected to the microprocessor; and also includes wire overheating detection members being connected to the microprocessor and being attached about electrical wires of electrical lines.

Abstract: A method and a fire-alarm system controls stationary fire-extinguishing systems. The fire-alarm devices of the fire-alarm system are equipped with one or more detectors. If at least one pre-adjustable alarm threshold of a fire identification characteristic is reached, the fire-extinguishing device is activated and the fire detectors are selectively switched to a higher stage of sensitivity. The detectors to be switched are locally selected depending on the actual development of the fire in terms of space. The dynamic adaptation of the sensitivity of the detectors to the development of a fire permits analyzing the development of the fire through the generated smoke, water vapor or extinguishing-water mist, and to influence the fire-extinction process in a targeted manner.

Abstract: A method of detecting a fire in a scene by infrared (IR) radiation image processing comprises the steps of: receiving a sequential plurality of IR radiation images of the scene, each image including an array of picture elements (pixels), each pixel having a value that is representative of the pixel's portion of IR radiation intensity in the array of the scene image; identifying a region of pixels in one image based on pixel values; tracking the region through images subsequent the one image to determine a change of the region that meets predetermined IR radiation criteria; and detecting the fire in the scene based on the determined change of the region. In one embodiment, the step of tracking includes the steps of: identifying the region in images subsequent the one image; and comparing the identified regions of the one and subsequent images to determine a change of the region that meets the predetermined IR radiation criteria.

Abstract: A presence sensing system provides one or more visible indicators useful for indicating a relative location of objects sensed within the scanning field of view. For example, the system may have an indicator array or an integrated display assembly in which individual indicators or indicator positions correspond to defined portions of the system's field of view. In this manner, the presence sensing system can indicate where one or more sensed objects lie within its field of view. The system may monitor or otherwise scan an angular field of view and may have an indicator array comprising a plurality of individual indicators, each one corresponding to a portion of the monitored area. With this configuration, the system selectively illuminates or otherwise activates those indicators in the array corresponding to the relative angles of detected objects within its field of view.

Abstract: An automated fire extinguishing apparatus includes a turret with a nozzle connected to a water supply. A plurality of sensors are used to detect a fire monitored by the apparatus. The signals from the sensors are used to aim the nozzle toward the fire and to initiate water ejection therefrom. After the fire is extinguished the water is turned off.