Abstract: A bidirectional switch and dimmer for the control of power from an AC source to a load is described. The approach uses power MOSFETs in a bidirectional switch subcircuit configuration that includes a floating AC/DC power supply and a solid state double pole switch that alternates between connection of the AC source to the load and periodic connection of the AC source to the AC/DC power supply. The switch and dimmer circuit configuration allows insertion into an existing single-phase circuit using only two wires. The design allows for manufacturing the entire circuit on a single chip.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling movement of a vehicle includes processing means configured to: receive first signals from a receiving means in dependence on received transmitted signals from a remote control device indicating a requested motion of a vehicle; receive one or more second signals indicative of a diagnostic device being in operative communication with the vehicle; and provide an output signal for controlling movement of the vehicle in dependence on the requested motion. The output signal is inhibited if: a diagnostic device is in operative communication with the vehicle and a maintenance mode has not been activated, as determined from the first signals or from one or more third signals; or if a door or the bonnet is open, unless a diagnostic device is in operative communication with the vehicle; or if the vehicle weight is not being borne by the wheels unless a diagnostic device is in operative communication with the vehicle.

Abstract: A ground fault detection circuit can include a band-pass filter that can have a first node and a second node that can be coupled to an earth ground. The first node can be coupled to a local ground of an automatic test equipment (ATE) system for an electrical device that can be coupled via at least one wire to the ATE. The band-pass filter can be configured to pass and amplify a test current signal established at the first node in response to a coupling of one of a conductor of the at least one wire carrying the test current signal to the local ground, and a conductive element of the electrical device carrying the test current signal to the local ground. A fault alert signal can be provided to provide an indication of ground fault based on a comparison of the amplified test current signal.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a network node may receive an indication of a first set of parameters that corresponds to a direct communication link between an industrial internet-of-things (IIoT) device and a first controller; receive an indication of a second set of parameters that corresponds to an indirect communication link between the IIoT device and the first controller through a second controller; and schedule a communication on at least one of the direct communication link or the indirect communication link based at least in part on the first set of parameters and the second set of parameters. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: A current transformer (CT) for the purpose of, for example, current measurement, that uses a power line as a first coil and a second coil for measurement purposes, is further equipped with a third coil. Circuitry connected to the third coil is adapted to inject a known reference signal to the third coil of the CT. The injected reference signal, i.e., current, generates signals in the first and second coils of the CT. The signal generated in the second coil is compared using circuitry attached thereto to the reference signal. Based on the results, and the difference between the expected results and the actual results, updated calibration parameters are determined. These provide improved accuracy when using the CT, for example for measurement of the like of current or phase of the primary coil when measurements are adjusted using the newly determined calibration parameters.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide apparatus (101) for controlling movement of a vehicle (100), the apparatus comprising processing means (10) configured to: receive first signals from a receiving means (202) in dependence on received transmitted signals from a remote control device (200) indicating a requested motion of a vehicle (100); receive one or more second signals indicative of a diagnostic device (400) being in operative communication with the vehicle (100); and provide an output signal for controlling movement of the vehicle (100) in dependence on the requested motion.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for aiding in determining when a power-providing outlet is ending its usable service life and is due for service or replacement. A connection detection unit and counting unit respectively monitor connection of a device to a port and maintain a connection count of connection events. For USB type C connections a cable or device resistance detection circuit can be used to determine if a USB type C device or cable has been connected. USB Type A and AC connections can be detected by mechanical or electrical mechanisms. When a connection has been detected a counter can be incremented or decremented to record a connection. A limit value can be set and compared to the connection count and a sensory or electronic indication can be made when the limit value is exceeded.

Abstract: A relay-type leakage current protection device includes a switch circuit, a relay circuit, a leakage current detection circuit, a self-test circuit, and a drive circuit. The switch circuit controls electrical connection between input and output ends of the power supply. The relay circuit is coupled to the input end and controls the open/close state of the switch circuit. The leakage current detection circuit detects a leakage current on the power supply lines. The self-test circuit is coupled to the power supply lines and the leakage current detection circuit, to generate a self-test pulse signal which simulates the leakage current and to detect a fault condition in the leakage current detection circuit. The drive circuit drives the relay circuit in response to receiving a leakage current signal from the leakage current detection circuit or a fault signal from the self-test circuit.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an anti-removal monitoring circuitry, applied to an electronic tag. The circuitry includes a first input terminal, a second input terminal and an output terminal. The circuitry further includes: a shutdown circuit, configured to control the electronic tag to be in a shutdown state in response to connection between the first input terminal and the second input terminal; and a starting-up circuit, configured to control the output terminal to output a pulse voltage signal in response to disconnection between the first input terminal and the second input terminal, in such a manner that the electronic tag generates an alarm signal in response to the pulse voltage signal.

Abstract: An autonomous adaptive arc fault detection device includes a memory for storing data of arc fault tripping events detected on a circuit over a period of time. The device also includes a processor, in communication with the memory, for determining whether a newly detected arc fault tripping event is an unwanted tripping event based on a number of times a same type of tripping event, as the newly detected arc fault tripping event, has occurred, and inhibiting interruption of the circuit if the newly detected arc fault tripping event is determined to be an unwanted tripping event. The memory can store data, such as sensed or calculated electrical characteristic parameters defining a signature of a detected arc fault tripping event as well as a number of times a stored tripping event has occurred over a period of time.

Abstract: Included are an output circuit, provided in a high side circuit, that selectively generates and outputs multiple kinds of pulse signal in accordance with the level of priority of a multiple of signals, a switch element, driven so as to be turned on and off by a pulse signal output from the output circuit, that is turned on and off to transmit the power supply voltage of the high side circuit to a low side circuit, a voltage conversion circuit, provided in the low side circuit, that converts the power supply voltage transmitted via the switch element into a pulse signal in the low side circuit, and a signal analysis circuit that analyzes the pulse signal obtained via the power conversion circuit and restores the multiple of signals.

Abstract: A cable includes: plural wires including plural pairs of differential signal wires, a detection signal wire, at least one auxiliary signal wire, a plurality of low speed signal wires, and two power wires arranged adjacent to the low speed signal wires; and a jacket enclosing the plurality of wires; wherein the differential signal wires, the detection signal wire, and the at least one auxiliary signal wire are arranged at an outer periphery of and enclosing the low speed signal wires and the two power wires, and every two adjacent differential signal wire pairs are separated by one of the detection signal wire and the at least one auxiliary signal wire.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved cable that includes at least one insulated conductor insulated from and within and inside a insulated second conductor, with both conductors connected with both ends with a cable alarm tag to form a closed electrical circuit, with the loop of the cable connected to an article for securing the article. With the cable of the present invention, if severed, the use of jumper cables will maintain the electrical circuit loop closed for the outer conductor only, but not the insulated inner conductor that is within and inside the outer conductor. Therefore, when severing the cable to disconnect and discontinue the physical loop to remove the secured article, even if cable jumpers are used, the insulated inner conductor will remain open circuited when the cable is cut, resulting in trigger of the alarm.

Abstract: An automated earth fault testing system and early warning system designed to be used with mobile towers for real-time monitoring of the earthing values. The automated earth fault testing system comprises an earth fault testing device powered by a low voltage direct current battery, a plurality of terminals, at least one calibration switch including a calibration pad for calibrating the earth fault testing device, a plurality of visual indication means for providing indication of a variety of conditions including high and/or normal value of the earth resistance value and for indicating a charge level of the earth fault testing device and a liquid crystal display for displaying the earthing values. The earth fault testing device is connected to an alarm system of a base transceiver station utilizing a relay for informing the mobile signal station and operator with information regarding a status of the earth fault testing device.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an intelligent switchable device for selectively conducting electricity based on the condition of a branch circuit. The device contains at least one sensor for producing a signal indicative of a condition. The device is capable of transmitting data and communications as well as receiving data, including remote instructions and rules. The device is capable of storing rules for determining whether to render the switch conductive or non-conductive. An optical prong detector is provided to determine whether both the hot and neutral prongs of a plug have been inserted into the receptacle. The receptacle provides conductance upon determination of insertion of a plug into the receptacle. Additional features include GFI detection, current detection, heat detection, warning lights and an audible alarm. The receptacle includes communication abilities with remote devices to transmit data indicative of the state of the device.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing end-of-life functionality in an electrical component using a count of plugging operations are shown. In some configurations, a GFCI counts plugging operations and then provides an LED end-of-life indication when a threshold of plugging operations is met.

Abstract: A short circuit detection circuit and a short circuit detection method for a multi-phase rectifier are provided, which are used for detecting conditions of a spectrum of a FWR signal outputted from the multi-phase rectifier in the frequency domain. Next, determining whether the detected signal indicating the amplitude of the frequency of the AC signal is greater than or equal to the reference signal, so as to determine whether the multi-phase rectifier has a short circuit condition. Therefore, the short circuit detection circuit and the short circuit detection method do not have any requirements for configuring a short circuit detection element on each current path of the multi-phase rectifier, so that the power loss and the cost can be reduced effectively.

Abstract: A receptacle for an electrical connector includes a metal housing body, a plastic main body positioned in the metal housing body, and flat terminals. The plastic main body incorporates with the metal housing body to form an accommodating space for being plugged into by a plug. First and second tongue parts disposed on the plastic main body are respectively close to upper and lower sides of the metal housing body. Each flat terminal includes a fixing part, a contacting part formed in a flat shape, and a soldering part. The contacting parts are respectively disposed on first and second tongue parts and respectively are exposed to the accommodating space in downward and upward directions. A tongue of a plastic body of the receptacle, i.e. first and second tongue parts, and the flat terminals are thus minimally damaged, to prevent the expensive cost of repairing a damaged receptacle.

Abstract: The present invention provides an asset retention device, including: a housing including a base portion and an end portion, wherein the base portion and the end portion each include electrical contacts; and an asset attachment structure securely coupled to the end portion and the associated electrical contacts of the housing, thereby completing an electrical circuit through the asset attachment structure and the housing; wherein, if the continuity of the asset attachment structure is broken, the electrical circuit through the asset attachment structure and the housing is broken. The base portion of the housing is configured to be selectively coupled to a main console, such that the electrical circuit is present through the asset attachment structure, the housing, the base portion of the housing, and the main console. The main console includes a controller/processor operable for detecting a break in the continuity of the asset attachment structure and the associated electrical circuit.

Abstract: Detection of a fault in an ungrounded electric power distribution system that includes a plurality of feeders and buses is disclosed herein. Embodiments consistent with the present disclosure may monitor an electrical parameter associated with each of a plurality of feeders and buses in the ungrounded electric power distribution system. An incremental change in the monitored electrical parameters may be determined using the monitored electrical parameter. Further, the incremental change may be associated with a first sub-set of the plurality of feeders. Torque values for the feeders may be calculated using a reference quantity from the bus first exhibiting an incremental change above a threshold. A feeder having the largest incremental change in the first sub-set of the plurality of feeders may be identified. A fault may be identified based on the torque and the incremental change.

Abstract: An alarm system for alarming whenever there is a power leakage from an electronic device, includes a voltage decreasing circuit, a switch circuit and an alarm circuit. The voltage decreasing circuit receives a first voltage from a live wire output terminal and outputs a second voltage. The switch circuit outputs a control signal when the power leakage is detected. The switch circuit is electrically connected to a connection port. The connection port is electrically connected to the live wire output terminal and a neutral wire output terminal. The alarm circuit receives the control signal and alarms. If there is power leakage from the electronic device, the first voltage from the live wire input terminal flows into the ground wire input terminal via the electronic device; the switch circuit turns on and the alarm circuit is closed to alarm.

Abstract: A monitoring device for an ungrounded electric network of a photovoltaic system. The monitoring device includes a short circuit measuring circuit having a first electric measuring circuit conductor connecting a first electric pole of the photovoltaic system with a reference point by means of at least one protective component, and second electric measuring circuit conductor for connecting a second electric pole of the photovoltaic system with ground be means of at least one protective component. A first component is connected between one of the measuring circuit conductors and ground, and a measuring device for measuring an electric parameter of the first component, wherein a non-zero value of the parameter and/or a change of the value of the parameter indicate an electric fault between the photovoltaic system and ground.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for preventing cable theft in electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE). A sensor may be configured to sense a short between at least two components of a cable in the EVSE. A processor may be configured to determine that the cable is being cut in response to the sensing. The processor may be further configured to generate an alert in response to a determination that the cable is being cut.

Abstract: An alternating current contactor (AC contactor) with an electronic short circuit self-locking function, includes an AC contactor body (a). The AC contactor body (a) includes a shell body. A short circuit self-locking portion is provided inside the shell body. The short circuit self-locking portion includes a current collecting unit (b) for collecting a current signal of phase lines (A, B, C); a short circuit detecting unit (c) for obtaining a voltage signal which characterizes a current signal, comparing with a reference signal, and outputting a short circuit detecting signal when short circuit occurs; a short circuit self-locking executing unit (d) for obtaining the short circuit detecting signal to trigger the AC contactor body (a) to generate and maintain a circuit-breaking action; and a self-locking releasing unit (e) for releasing self-locking of the AC contactor body (a) and resetting the alternating current contactor body (a).

Abstract: A method, computer program product, and computer system for monitoring for electrostatic discharge (ESD) events. An ESD monitor for potential of electrostatic discharge events in a sensed area through a plurality of ESD sensors coupled to the ESD monitor. The monitor senses for a charge level which could cause ESD event and entry of an operator into a sensed area. If an ESD event is detected, issue an ESD event alert to the operator and recording data to a tangible storage device; determine environmental factors at time and date of the ESD event; compare the ESD event and associated environmental factors to other ESD events with associated environmental factors; and determine if a correlation exists between the ESD event and associated environmental factors and the other ESD events with associated environmental factors.

Abstract: An isolated current-sensing system for use with a resistive current sense element includes an analog front-end configured to receive a voltage from the resistive current sense element, and to provide an analog output. A processing circuit receives the analog output, and provides a measurement signal indicative of the sensed current. An isolation circuit provides an isolation barrier, and is configured to pass the measurement signal. A programmable over-current protection alarm may be included, and configured to generate an alarm signal when the analog output exceeds a programmable threshold. The processing circuit may include a voltage-to-PWM converter.

Abstract: Systems and methods for overvoltage protection are disclosed. According to one illustrative implementation, an overvoltage protection device is provided having one or more overvoltage protection elements and a measuring device for monitoring the overvoltage protection elements. Further, the measuring device may include an evaluation device, which is designed to count pulse-like overvoltage events which are arrested by the overvoltage protection element, wherein the evaluation device is connected to the overvoltage protection element via a light-measuring device and/or a device for identifying a current flow.

Abstract: An arc fault circuit interrupter is disclosed. This arc fault circuit interrupter can include any one or more of three different sensors such as a high frequency sensor, and any one of lower frequency sensors such as a current sensor or a differential sensor. The arc fault circuit interrupter can be configured as an in line arc fault circuit interrupter installed in a wall box. In addition, the arc fault circuit interrupter can include a processor configured to determine any one of a series arc fault, or a parallel arc fault.

Abstract: Systems and methods for generating a collector flashover alert by passive monitoring of a generator are provided. One method includes receiving, by a computing device, signals from a current transformer coupled around an exciter cable connected to a generator collector assembly, determining, by the computing device, when a spark has occurred in the generator collector assembly based at least in part on received signals from the current transformer, generating an indication that a spark has occurred in the generator collector assembly when it is determined that a spark has occurred in the generator collector assembly, and generating a flashover alert based at least in part on the generated indication that a spark has occurred in the generator collector assembly.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for preventing cable theft in electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE). A sensor may be configured to sense a short between at least two components of a cable in the EVSE. A processor may be configured to determine that the cable is being cut in response to the sensing. The processor may be further configured to generate an alert in response to a determination that the cable is being cut.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing end-of-life functionality in an electrical component using a count of plugging operations are shown. In some configurations, a GFCI counts plugging operations and then provides an LED end-of-life indication when a threshold of plugging operations is met.

Abstract: Proper insertion of medical leads into medical devices is detected at the time the lead is being inserted. An external device initiates impedance testing by the medical device that is receiving the lead prior to the insertion of the lead being completed. The medical device reports back the results of the impedance testing so that the external device can determine whether the lead is properly inserted at the time of lead insertion and can provide an output to a user to indicate whether the lead insertion is proper. The medical device may poll only a last connector expected to be connected before responding, test other connector combinations before or after responding, and so forth.

Abstract: An indication circuit is used on a motherboard. First and second pins on the motherboard output different signals corresponding to different power-on self-test errors. The indication circuit includes first to third electronic switches, first and second light-emitting diodes, and first to fifth resistors. When different errors occurred during power-on self-test, different signals are output from the first and second pins on the motherboard, such that to make the first and second light-emitting diodes activated or deactivated. As a result, the indication circuit can indicate different errors when the motherboard is performing power-on self-test.

Abstract: A residual-current circuit breaker includes at least one summation current transformer through which a first lead and a second lead of a network to be protected are guided. At least one secondary winding is arranged on the summation current transformer and operatively connected, at least indirectly, with an energy storage element. A trip element is operatively connected with break contacts in the first and second leads. In order to reduce expected cut-offs of a network to be protected, an electric signaling device is operatively connected, at least indirectly, with the energy storage element.

Abstract: A test apparatus for testing for short circuits in electrical wiring comprises an emission apparatus and a detection apparatus. The emission apparatus provides a test signal into the electrical wiring, where the test signal is adjustable both for frequency and amplitude. An electromagnetic field is generated in and around the wiring under test. The detection apparatus amplifies strength of magnetic fields found, and detects electromagnetic fields caused by the test signal in a circuit loop. When a signal confirming detection drops suddenly in strength by more than a predetermined threshold, a point or portion of the wiring under the detector is established as a point of short circuit.

Abstract: A controller suitable for identifying an abnormal operational condition in a bathing system is provided. The controller includes a memory unit adapted for storing measurements indicative of electrical currents drawn by the bathing system under normal operating conditions, each measurement being indicative of the electrical current being drawn by a respective bathing unit component in the bathing system. The controller also includes a processing unit for modifying the measurements stored in the memory unit and for detecting an abnormal operational condition associated with the bathing system at least in part on the basis of measurements stored on the memory unit. In specific implementations, sensing circuitry adapted for obtaining measurements associated to components, such as relays and fuses, is provided.

Abstract: A process for detecting an alarm in an operating machine (1), so that an operator (7) is able to interact with such a machine (1) determining a connection between the machine and the ground, comprising the steps of: determining a current value of a main parameter representative of an electric interaction between said operator (7) and said operating machine (1) under a condition of normal operation of said machine (1); comparing said determined current value with a main reference value; activating an alarm procedure as a function of said comparison.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for a supervisory circuit for a ground fault detection device or ground fault circuit interrupt (GFCI) device is disclosed in which is a test stimulus signal for a self test of the GFCI device is generated on a second secondary winding on a toroid of a differential current transformer. The GFCI device includes line and neutral conductors configured to connect an AC power source and a load. A differential current transformer includes a toroid, through which the line and neutral conductors pass, a first secondary winding wound on the toroid to generate a current in response to an imbalance of magnetic flux in the toroid, and a second secondary winding wound on the toroid. A differential ground fault detector is electrically connected to the first secondary winding of the differential current transformer to compare current generated in the secondary winding to a trip threshold.

Abstract: An automatic fault detector momentarily interrupts a provision of operating power to a load having a minimal forward-bias voltage requirement to thereby provide a testing window and then applies a test voltage during this window that is less than the minimal forward-bias voltage requirement to the load and monitors for a power-to-ground fault. By one approach the aforementioned momentarily interruption of power is neither frequent enough nor long enough in duration to substantially impair the provision of power to the load. Accordingly, load performance is not noticeably diminished. One can then responsively prohibit subsequent provision of the operating power to the load. One can then continue to monitor for the power-to-ground fault while continuing to prohibit provision of operating power to the load. If and when the fault disappears, these teachings will then accommodate automatically resuming an ordinary provision of power to the load.

Abstract: Apparatus, methods, and systems for providing comprehensive control and monitoring of an electrical system are presented. The envisioned invention according to at least one aspect provides for control and monitoring functions that include main circuit level functions and sub-circuit level functions. The control and monitoring function further provides for communication with a remote central control center to send commands to and receive data from the main circuit control and/or sub-circuit(s). Information from the monitoring function may be used to alter the operation of the system, aid in diagnostic response, and ultimately, improve the safety and reliability of the electrical system.

Abstract: A sanitary rotary valve has a casing, a side plate arranged at a first side of the casing, a rotor provided in the casing, a rotatable shaft for rotating the rotor, a geared motor for rotating the shaft, and a motor mount for mounting the motor. The side plate has a cylinder which extends into the casing and is inserted into the rotor, extending to an approximate center of the rotor. An angular supporting bearing for rotatably supporting the shaft is provided at an end of the cylinder disposed at the approximate center of the rotor. An electrical alarm system stops rotation of the geared motor automatically if the rotor touches the casing. A clearance between the side plate and casing can be cleaned by extracting the side plate using a hanger and connecting rod. The position of the side plate is correctly fixed by set bolts.

Abstract: A short circuit detection device is provided to check a circuit layout. The circuit layout includes electronic components connected in parallel. Any of the electronic components includes two contacts on the circuit layout. The short circuit detection device includes a determination circuit configured to determine whether a short circuit has occurred in the circuit layout, and a detection circuit configured to determine the specific electronic component or components responsible for the short circuit. The determination circuit connects with one contact of any of the electronic components. The detection circuit connects with two contacts of any of the electronic components.

Abstract: A sheet switch (142) has a bottom layer (144) and a top layer (160). First and second conductors (148, 162) located on the bottom layer (144) form two separate conductive paths, with a voltage potential applied to the conductors (148, 162). The top layer (160) includes a ground conductor (172). Spacers (178) are positioned between the top and bottom layers (160, 144). When forces are externally applied, the spacers (178) collapse and the ground conductor (172) contacts the first and second conductors (148, 162), and establishes a conductive path therebetween.

Abstract: A thin film deposition apparatus to remove static electricity generated between a substrate and a mask, and a method of manufacturing an organic light-emitting display device using the thin film deposition apparatus.

Abstract: An infusion pump includes: a housing, a pump actuator supported by the housing, electronics configured to control the pump actuator, a pain controlled analgesic (“PCA”) input device, a cord having a remote end connected to the PCA input device and a local end connected to the housing, a remote integrated circuit; and a local integrated circuit in communication with the electronics and the remote integrated circuit so as to provide operational information concerning the PCA input device to the electronics.

Abstract: A system and a method for detecting and localizing abnormal conditions and electrical faults in an electrical grid are provided. A method includes receiving a notification message including a state of an electrical component on an electrical grid. The method further includes displaying, by a computing system, an alarm message indicating the state of the electrical component to a system operator responsible for the electrical component such that system operator is able to determine at least one action to take in response to the state of the electrical component.

Abstract: Load current from an electrical AC supply circuit is monitored so that both high frequency (10-100 kHz), and low frequency (60 Hz) signal current components are measured over certain time periods. A high frequency energy component is measured in an integral fashion, e.g., summing a plurality of samples taken. A certain amount of high frequency energy during a half-cycle is required to indicate an arc event. A certain number of these arc events per half-cycle must occur within a specific time period to indicate the presence of an arc. The root-mean-square (RMS) value of the low frequency energy component is used to determine the severity of the arc. The higher the amperage of the load current arc, the faster the arc fault circuit interrupter (AFCI) will respond by disconnecting the arcing load from the AC supply circuit, e.g., fewer number of arc events necessary for tripping of the AFCI.

Abstract: A data entry device including a housing formed of at least two portions, data entry circuitry located within the housing, at least one case-open switch assembly operative to sense when the housing is opened and tamper indication circuitry operative to receive an input from the at least one case-open switch assembly and to provide an output indication of possible tampering with the data entry circuitry located within the housing. The at least one case-open switch assembly includes an arrangement of electrical contacts arranged on a base surface and a resiliently deformable conductive element, which defines a short circuit between at least some of the arrangement of electrical contacts only when the housing is closed.

Abstract: A method for use in monitoring a synchronous machine includes coupling a power conversion assembly to an electric power source and to a synchronous machine. The synchronous machine includes a plurality of winding inter-turn portions. The method also includes energizing the synchronous machine via the power conversion assembly. The method further includes recording at least one first operational measurement of the power conversion assembly and the synchronous machine. The method also includes calculating a first impedance downstream of the power conversion assembly based on the first operational measurement. The method further includes recording at least one second operational measurement of the power conversion assembly and the synchronous machine. The method also includes calculating a second impedance downstream of the power conversion assembly based on the second operational measurement.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for protecting against electrocution hazards that arise when an appliance is electrically connected to a miswired single-phase AC electrical source which includes an energized ground lead are described. The apparatus includes one or more sensors that detect electrical energy in the ground lead combined with a miswiring condition in the hot and common leads. A tester embodiment is also illustrated. The method includes the steps of detecting if the putative ground of the electrical source is energized and whether the hot and common leads are reversed.