Abstract: A system and method for ensuring that a monitored individual is located within a designated area is provided. The system contains a monitoring band having a transmitter capable of transmitting a signal. A transceiver interface unit is also located within the system, which is capable of receiving the signal and determining if the signal is a signal indicating that the monitoring band has been cut or a signal indicating that the transmitter on the monitoring band is functional. The system also contains a monitoring station capable of performing an event if the monitoring station receives the cut-band signal, or if the monitoring station is monitoring the monitoring band, performing the event if the polling signal is not received by the monitoring station within a predefined period of time.

Abstract: A power supply controller is used in a device including at least one component and at least one control board for controlling an operation of each component, and includes: a power supply section; and a power supply board for independently supplying a power supply voltage output from the power supply section to each of the component and the control board. The power supply board includes an output control circuit for independently controlling to output or to stop outputting the power supply voltage supplied from the power supply board to each of the components based on a signal indicating one of a normal state and an abnormal state of the power supply voltage used in each control board, which is fed back to the power supply board from each control board when the power supply voltage is supplied from the power supply board to each control board.

Abstract: A method for reducing false detects may include emitting an infrared light beam from a primary emitter to a primary monitor detector, measuring a first voltage value using a primary receive detector and setting a primary smoke alarm flag corresponding to a primary channel if the first voltage value is above a first threshold value. The method may also include measuring a second voltage value using a secondary receive detector, setting a secondary smoke alarm flag corresponding to a secondary channel if the second voltage value is above a second threshold value and setting an alarm indicating a smoke condition if the primary smoke alarm flag and the secondary smoke alarm flag are set.

Abstract: A status indicator indicates an operating state, including an electrical malfunction, of an electrical load that is located and controlled from locations remote from a monitoring location.

Abstract: A device for detecting disconnection for use in a stepping motor driver is provided having a driver circuit 3 which comprises a pair of windings 21, 22 wound in a bifilar turn arrangement; a pair of MOSFETs 1, 2 connected to the other end of each winding 21, 22; a common current detecting resistor 4 connected between MOSFETs 1, 2 and ground; a first reference voltage generator 34 for producing a first reference voltage Vt1; a second reference voltage generator 40 for producing a second reference voltage Vt2 lower than first reference voltage Vt1; a decision circuit 8, 8b for comparing the detection voltage on current detecting resistor 4 with second reference voltage Vt2 to produce an alarm signal when detection voltage is higher than second reference voltage Vt2; and a disconnection detector 11 for receiving an alarm signal from decision circuit 8, 8b after comparator 8 produces a chopper signal 17 to produce a disconnection signal upon occurrence of line-disconnection in winding 21 or 22.

Abstract: A hand tool which provides an alarm signal to a user as the tool approaches a live electrical wire is disclosed. The hand tool comprises a tool head and coupled to a handle. A non-contact voltage sensing circuit is provided in the handle of the tool. As the tool approaches a live electrical wire, the non-contact voltage sensing circuit detects the voltage across the air gap between the tool head and the electrical wire, triggering an alarm circuit. The alarm circuit provides a visual or audio signal to the user.

Abstract: A vacuum tube replacement device includes an indicator. The indicator can be arranged to provide audible and/or visual indication of system performance, function, status, or any other desired indication. The vacuum tube replacement device is pin-for-pin compatible with standard vacuum tube circuit pin configurations. The replacement device may be a solid-state tube emulator device, a traditional glass envelope vacuum tube device, or some other hybrid device. The visual indicator is equally useful for non-vacuum tube replacement devices such as audio amplifier circuits.

Abstract: A talking tool holder provides an audio message in response to a user selection that indicates the size of the tool the user has selected. The talking tool holder includes a housing with multiple uniquely-sized tool-receiving locations, with a corresponding sensor for each tool-receiving location. The unique size of each tool-receiving location aids a user in putting the corresponding tools back in their proper locations. When a user needs a tool, the user actuates with a finger a sensor in proximity to a tool-receiving location. In response, an audio mechanism plays an audio message corresponding to the tool-receiving location selected by the user, such as an indication of size or type of tool for the selected tool-receiving location. In this manner, a user may receive audio messages for selected tools in the tool holder that indicate size or type of the tool corresponding to the tool-receiving location.

Abstract: A method and system for improving Field Replacement Unit (FRU) isolation in memory sub-systems by monitoring Voltage Regulator Module (VRM) induced memory errors. A comparator compares the output voltage coming from the VRM to memory. If the comparator detects a VRM output voltage transient that is outside a rated threshold, then a counter is increased by one. If the counter exceeds a count threshold, a VRM error is posted. If a memory failure occurs within a predetermined period of time, then the VRM error pinpoints the VRM output voltage transient as being the likely cause of the memory failure.

Abstract: An apparatus for indicating detection of an onset of a high-voltage condition at an output locus of a signal converter device, the signal converter device including a switching network for switchingly controlling a potential at a circuit node coupled with the output locus in response to a control signal received from a control signal source, includes: (a) a first sensing unit coupled for sensing a parameter at the circuit node; (b) a second sensing unit coupled for sensing the control signal; and (c) a comparing device coupled with the first sensing unit and with the second sensing unit; the comparing device effecting comparison of a first signal from the first sensing unit with a second signal from the second sensing unit. The comparing device effects the detection when the first and second signals have a predetermined relationship, then the apparatus effects the indicating.

Abstract: Alarms are often required on various vehicles and equipment such as fork lifts, dump trucks, bulldozers, etc. An alarm is disclosed controlled by a microprocessor, which is an integral part of the basic circuit. The alarm has a flat diaphragm, and a novel acoustic lens. The acoustic lens is constructed such that sound emanating from the center of the diaphragm has a direct path to the outside of the alarm. Sound produced around the periphery of the diaphragm must pass through a path containing switchbacks, that serve as an acoustic delay line, so this sound is delayed in exiting the alarm. The result is an alarm that with full sound in the important regions such as behind and to the side rear of the vehicle, but is very quiet for the operator or driver of the vehicle. The microprocessor is relied upon for adjusting alarm output based on source voltage and varying the signal based on ambient noise, as well as specific signals for particular applications.

Abstract: A diagnostic circuit is provided. The diagnostic circuit comprises resistors and a capacitor. The diagnostic circuit is monitored to detect the presence of a load and to confirm the proper operation of a relay circuit. The diagnostic circuit generates an oscillating voltage when the relay circuit is open and the load is connected, generates a logic low when the relay circuit is open and the load is disconnected, and generates a logic high when the relay circuit is closed. The diagnostic circuit can be disposed within a diagnostic circuit system that includes one or more of a sensing circuit, a relay circuit, an alternating-current source having a direct current offset, an input circuit, and a high-voltage microprocessor. The high-voltage microprocessor can be bi-directionally optically coupled to an application microprocessor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a voltage regulator for physically remote loads (2) with an adjustable power supply (9) for the load (2), with a measurement device (11, 12) assigned to the load (2) for creating a digital measurement signal, which is transmitted over a digital data channel (13) arranged between a data source (15) and a data sink (17) to a setting device (18 to 20) for the power supply (9).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a use indicator apparatus having a power-sensing mechanism and an indicator. The indicator includes a first state and a second state wherein the indicator is maintained in the first state until a required amount of power is applied to the sensing mechanism. Upon reaching the required amount of power, indicator switches from the first state to the second state.

Abstract: This sensor circuit and method for defending against tampering with an integrated circuit die uses metal wire loops to protect the circuitry. In addition, these metal wire loops have several via pairs along its length. One of the vias of the via pair goes to a NAND gate which detects a break in a section of a metal wire loop. A second via of the via pair is used to periodically discharge a metal wire loop to remove residual charge, in preparation for charging the metal wire loop and detecting any uncharged section. A given integrated circuit can have one or more metal wire loops on top of the circuitry to be protected. Each metal wire loop has one or more NAND gates. These outputs of the NAND gates can be fed into OR gates to produce an overall signal which activates an alarm or other security action such as erasure of electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM).

Abstract: An apparatus and method for detecting a connection to a data transmission network functions by detecting the network signal energy on a network cable while avoiding the problems of excessive power consumption and generation of excessive electrical noise. By monitoring the receive network lines and determining if there is electrical energy on the cable in the form particular to the type of network supported by the network adaptor card, the host computing device can power-down the transceiver associated with the network adaptor card until an active network connection is detected.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus has a regulator and a regulator protection circuit. On detecting an abnormality, an abnormality detection circuit in the regulator protection circuit turns the regulator off. Based on the output of the abnormality detection circuit, an abnormality detection incidence checking circuit in the regulator protection circuit checks whether or not an abnormality has been detected a predetermined number of times within a predetermined length of time. When the abnormality detection incidence checking circuit recognizes that an abnormality has been detected the predetermined number of times within the predetermined length of time, an abnormality detection level setting circuit in the regulator protection circuit decreases the detection level of the abnormality detection circuit. This helps reduce the incidence of malfunctioning of the load to which the regulator feeds its output due to repeated detection of an abnormality and recovery therefrom.

Abstract: A sensor unit sensing a physical quantity comprises a first voltage evaluation circuit, a second voltage evaluation circuit, an alarm signal output circuit, and a sensor output circuit. The first voltage evaluation circuit evaluates a power voltage by comparing it with a reference voltage and outputs an accident signal when the power voltage is lower than a first predetermined voltage. The second voltage evaluation circuit working in a lower voltage range in which the first voltage evaluation circuit is insensitive outputs the accident signal when the power voltage is lower than a second predetermined voltage. The alarm signal output circuit outputs an alarm signal in response to the accident signal. The sensor output circuit outputs a sensor signal and inhibits the circuit from outputting the sensor signal in response to the accident signal, so that the alarm signal output circuit provides the alarm signal in response to the accident signal.

Abstract: An accurate, fast-acting, wearable lightning strike hazard detector has a plurality of collecting plates for collection of arriving charged particles. The collecting plates are insulated from each other by an insulating mechanism. A connecting mechanism electrically connects the collecting plates to a bleeding circuit to bleed accumulated charges to a ground plane. The voltage within the bleeding circuit is determined by a voltage measuring mechanism. A voltage accumulation mechanism measures the accumulated voltage of each plate and its rate of voltage accumulation as a function of time. Voltage accumulation and voltage/time data are interpreted by an algorithm to determine lightning strike potential. A signal generating mechanism connected to the algorithm mechanism generates a signal when said voltage accumulation and voltage accumulation rate exceed preselected limits. The signal actuates an alarm mechanism, which provides an audible or visual alarm to warn against an impending lightning strike.

Abstract: An oscillation detecting apparatus for detecting oscillation of a signal includes a high pass filter for generating an alternating current signal from which a direct current component of the signal is removed, a slicing circuit for generating a limit signal which results from restricting an amplitude level of the alternating current signal to a level lower than a predetermined level, an integration circuit for integrating a waveform of the limit signal during a predetermined period, and a comparator for detecting whether or not the signal oscillates based on a value of the waveform integrated by the integration circuit.

Abstract: A voltage-detecting circuit includes a CPU, a comparator, a first resistor, a second resistor, and at least a power level segment detector connected in parallel with the first resistor, the power level segment detector having a third resistor and a first switch serially connected to the third resistor. The battery is electrically connected to a first input end of the comparator. The first resistor is electrically connected between a second input end of the comparator and a reference voltage. The second resistor is electrically connected between the second input end of the comparator and ground. The method includes outputting a control signal with the CPU to control the first switch by determining voltage levels at the output end of the comparator, and outputting a power indication signal with the CPU to indicate the voltage level of the battery by determining voltage levels at the output end of the comparator.

Abstract: A cable providing a visual indication of traffic including a wire and connector. The connector includes detection circuitry capable of detecting traffic on the cable and generating a detection signal responsive to the traffic. A traffic indicator provides the visual indication of the traffic responsive to the detection signal. The detection circuitry includes driving circuitry coupled to the wire, that carries a data signal. The detection circuitry also includes a transistor. The driving circuitry drives the transistor responsive to the data signal to generate the detection signal, which is used to drive the traffic indicator. The connector may have an inner casing for partially enveloping the detection circuitry, and an outer casing for partially enveloping the inner casing.

Abstract: A beacon circuit enabling study of active elements in an integrated circuit is disclosed. The beacon circuit may be integral to a DUT to be tested. The DUT is stimulated by a conventional ATE, so that its active devices are operating. The signal from the active device is sent to the beacon circuit which, in response to the signal, emits light having intensity that is proportional to the value of the signal. In one example, the beacon circuit is constructed as a voltage to current converter having its input connected to the node of interest and its output connected to a current to light converter. In one example, the current to light converter is implemented as a current mirror circuit. One beneficial implementation disclosed is the use of the beacon circuit for the study of voltage supply disturbances.

Abstract: A voltage step-down structure for a heat-emitting element of a drier is disclosed. The structure is for a heat-emitting element of a drier having a hollow body containing a motor and a ceramic heat-emitting element and a voltage step-down device characterized in that the interior of the hollow body is mounted with the heat-emitting element and the ceramic or glass voltage step-down element coated with conductive film such that one end of the power source is connected to one end of the step-down element, and the other end is connected to the diode end of the motor such that the impedance of the conductive film provides voltage step-down.

Abstract: The present invention is a technique for locating and identifying a failed filter/arrester in an underground conveyance such as a fiber optic cable. A sensor is installed in the filter/arrester housing to sense grounding of a cable locating frequency. The sensor will monitor the cable locating signal that is normally on the cable and blocked by the filter arrester to ground. A small radio frequency oscillator (85 to 88 Hz), also installed inside the filter housing, is activated by the sensor. The RF signal is detected above ground with standard cable locating equipment. A warning indicator such as an indicator light may also be installed on the outside of the filter housing. The indicator is also activated by the sensor. In that way, the particular failed filter can be identified if multiple filters are installed at that location. The power that will be required to operate the RF transmitter and indicator will be obtained from the voltage passing through the cable.

Abstract: Methods and systems of monitoring voltage input to network elements are provided. One method includes receiving an input voltage for a line-powered network element, applying the input voltage across a primary winding of a flyback power converter during an on-time of a primary switch, and transferring the input voltage from the primary winding to a secondary winding of the flyback power converter during an off-time of the primary switch. The method further includes sensing the voltage of the secondary winding during the on-time of the primary switch; and drawing minimal current from the flyback power converter.

Abstract: An outage notification system for detecting a power outage at a customer location is provided. The outage notification system comprises a first outage notification device operably coupled to a first circuit at the customer location, a second device operably coupled to a second circuit at the customer location. The first device is operable to determine a status of power supply to the first circuit and communicate the status of power supply to the first circuit to the second device. The second device is operable to determine a status of power supply to the second circuit (or other desired parameter in an alternative embodiment) and notify, via a network, a receiving system associated with the electric utility of a power outage at the customer location based at least in part on the statuses of power supply to the first and/or second circuits.

Abstract: In a security module and a method for protecting a security module, wherein security-relevant data are stored in a memory in the module, proper insertion of the security module on a device motherboard is monitored with a first function unit and a second function in the security module. The first function unit signals the status of the security module. The second function unit detects improper use or improper replacement of the security module, and upon detection of improper use or improper replacement, the second function unit causes the security-relevant data to be erased.

Abstract: This invention relates to a limited range low voltage testing, regulating, and indicating device comprising a detector and low voltage measurer of magnitude in a switch-regulated power supply circuit wherein indicator LEDs are operated directly from a power supply wherein continually increasing current draw provided by shunt switching operates to cause the first display LEDs to “fade” in an overlapping pattern of activation, in and out with slight voltage changes. Increased voltage causes a second LED to turn on. Further increased voltage causes the second LED to turn off and a third LED to turn on. Shunt and series connected voltage regulators selectively exert control over the LEDs.

Abstract: A sensor output processing device has an amplifier circuit for amplifying a sensor output signal of a sensor and a buffer circuit for limiting the amplified signal to a high limit level lower than a high side voltage of a power source or a low limit level higher than a low side voltage of the power source. This limited signal is normally produced as an output signal to an external circuit. When a self-diagnosis circuit determines an abnormality in the sensor or in the amplifier circuit and the buffer circuit, the output signal is fixed to a level higher than the high limit level or lower than the low limit level.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring grounding of personnel and equipment in electrostatic discharge (ESD) sensitive areas. The device generates a low voltage alternating current control signal (60) which is applied to personnel (50) and equipment (350) being monitored. The device further includes signal conditioning (66) and detection means (70) to distinguish static charges from the control signal and transmit an alarm (72) upon detection of such static charge. The method encompasses the use of an alternating current control signal to detect static charge.

Abstract: A detection circuit is configured to detect the presence of a power source by comparing two input voltages (VIN1, VIN2). An example detection circuit is arranged, such that the first input voltage (VIN1) may operate above the process limit for transistor breakdown, while the second input voltage (VIN2) should be maintained below the transistor breakdown voltage. The detection circuit includes a built-in offset voltage (VOS) for hysteresis such that the detection signal is activated when VIN1>VIN2+VOS. The detection circuit is useful for providing an enable signal in a battery charger application. It is envisioned that the detection circuit is also useful in other applications where detection of a power source is required, and where detection of one voltage relative to another may be desired.

Abstract: A power monitoring apparatus monitors the voltage fluctuation range of an AC power supply and the duration of voltage fluctuations within the voltage fluctuation range. The power monitoring apparatus looks up a power failure rank table for determining the power failure rank of the power supply on the basis of the voltage fluctuation range and the duration obtained as the monitoring result to determine the power failure rank of the power supply. The power monitoring apparatus sends a power failure signal indicating the power failure rank to a power supply destination of an AC power supply.

Abstract: A personal electrical injury protection system is provided which can be worn by electricians, construction workers, or other individuals working around or with low-voltage lines (i.e. generally less than about 600 volts). The personal electrical injury protection system has both a proximity warning component which provides a warning of potential electrical hazards upon close approach to the low-voltage power line and an electrical contact protection component which turns off the power upon actual electrical contact with the power line. The present personal electrical protection system relies on a radio frequency transmitter attached to the worker or person to be protected and a radio receiver/controller connected to the power line. The radio frequency transmitter has a low frequency generator which is used for electrical-contact protection and a high frequency generator which is used for proximity warning.

Abstract: A water monitoring system and a water monitoring method for a high voltage cable including a conductor and a screen surrounding the conductor. At least a first water sensing wire extends in the screen between the cable beginning and the cable end and at least a second wire is connected with the first wire at the cable end to form a loop. A first switching unit is provided between the cable beginning and the measurement circuit. A control unit controls the first switching unit over a first predetermined time interval into a first switching state in which the water sensing wire and the second wire are connected to the screen potential. In a following second predetermined time interval the control unit controls the first switching unit into a second switching state in which the water sensing wire and the second wire are disconnected from the screen potential. The measurement circuit performs a water intrusion measurement in the second predetermined time interval.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus is provided that comprises a shock detector for detecting a shock received by an electronic apparatus such as a portable telephone, a controller for comparing the value of the shock as detected by the shock detector with a reference value, and a memory element for storing an identifying signal generated when the value of a shock has exceeded the reference value and the value of shock. This enabling easy determination as to whether or not a breakdown has been caused by shock.

Abstract: In a vehicular control unit, a main power supply voltage detecting section to detect a voltage value of a main power supply is provided and, an abnormality determining section determines an abnormality occurs in the main power supply voltage detecting section when the main power supply voltage detecting section negatively detects the voltage value of the main power supply and a power supply stop command output section outputs a command to stop the supply of the continuous power supply to the power supply control circuit without an execution of a shut-off process when the abnormality determining section determines that the abnormality occurs in the main power supply voltage detecting section.

Abstract: A hand tool which provides an alarm signal to a user as the tool approaches a live electrical wire is disclosed. The hand tool comprises a conductive tool head and a non-conductive handle. A non-contact voltage sensing circuit is provided in the handle of the tool. As the tool head approaches a live electrical wire, the non-contact voltage sensing circuit detects the voltage across the air gap between the tool head and the electrical wire, triggering an alarm circuit. The alarm circuit provides a visual or audio signal to the user.

Abstract: A fault warning system controls light sources and a warning signal to provide an indication of fatal and non-fatal faults in a communication system. The circuitry uses a pull-down circuit in electrical communication with light and signal control circuits. The circuit can be operated to activate a first light emitting diode (LED) if an operational status of a monitored circuit is either fatal or non-fatal fault. The circuit can be operated to deactivate a second LED if an operational status of a monitored circuit is fatal, and the second LED remains active if the operational status of the circuit is a non-fatal fault.

Abstract: A method and a system for estimating electricity consumption of electric appliances and an abnormality alarm system, enabling estimation of individual electricity consumption of electric appliances in operation in a building or the like by a non-intrusive method, and comprising a measuring sensor (11), data extracting means (12), and estimating means (13) such as an LMC. The estimating means (13) learns based on a training set in advance, and is able to estimate individual electricity consumption of electric appliances in operation. Fundamental and higher harmonics of total load current and their phase differences from voltage are obtained by the data extracting means (12) from measurement data VA, VB, IA, IB detected by an instrument transformer (111) and an instrument current transformer (112) provided in the vicinity of a service entrance 6 of a feeder 4 to a user 2. They are inputted to the estimating means (13) as inputs, thereby estimating individual electricity consumption of the electric appliances.

Abstract: In an on-board control system, a body ECU executes various control operations in response to the supply of power voltage from a battery. There is connected on the power line of the battery a voltage holding circuit which is formed of a capacitor so that the variation of battery voltage slows. A switch input circuit samples the on/off states of external switches periodically under control of a microcomputer. The microcomputer determines a fall of battery voltage, causing the switch input circuit to stop sampling of switch states. Stopping the circuit operation and thus reducing the battery load current slows the voltage fall at the occurrence of collision of vehicle, allowing adequate time to store collision data in a collision memory circuit.

Abstract: Electronic devices that provide notification of and data about power outages. The devices include a voltage input receiver for receiving voltage from a power source; a voltage monitor for monitoring a reference voltage that is received from the power source; a change in voltage detector for detecting a change in the reference voltage with respect to a threshold voltage; a microprocessor; a programmable real-time clock to provide current date and time data; input/output devices for communicating data to the microprocessor; a display to display data transmitted by the microprocessor; and an auxiliary energy power supply that provides power to the device during any power outage. During a power outage, the date and time of the outage are stored and the device is powered by the auxiliary power source. Once power is returned, the date and time of restored power are stored; the duration of the outage is calculated; and the signal indicates that there has been an outage.

Abstract: If an electronic shelf label server receives a replacement request from each of the electronic shelf labels, a date of a corresponding electronic shelf label number is read out from a database and an object range is determined based on this date. Then, whether or not a date corresponding to the electronic shelf label number is within the determined object range is determined so as to specify an electronic shelf label which should be replaced. Information of this specified electronic shelf label is displayed on a display.

Abstract: A voltage testing apparatus for electrical railways is disclosed consisting in one embodiment of a transportable pole-mounted electrical power indicator, electrically conducting wire-engaging means such as a hook attached to one end of the pole and electrically connected to the indicator, and a ground-connecting device such as an electrically conducting magnet also electrically connected to the indicator. An electrical circuit is completed between the cable, the indicator and the rail by placing the hook on an overhead railway cable and attaching the magnet to a roadbed rail. An LED array and voltmeter configuration constituting the indicator illuminate and show whether voltage is present.

Abstract: A hand tool which provides an alarm signal to a user as the tool approaches a live electrical wire is disclosed. The hand tool comprises a conductive tool head and a non-conductive handle. A non-contact voltage sensing circuit is provided in the handle of the tool. As the tool head approaches a live electrical wire, the non-contact voltage sensing circuit detects the voltage across the air gap between the tool head and the electrical wire, triggering an alarm circuit. The alarm circuit provides a visual or audio signal to the user.

Abstract: The temperature of a bypass diode of a solar cell module is measured by a temperature detector from the exterior of the solar cell module, and the results of temperature detection of each bypass diode are mutually compared to detect the presence or absence of failure in the solar cell module. Also at least one solar cell in the solar cell module is covered with a light shielding plate, then a current flowing in the bypass diode bypassing to the covered solar cell is detected, and a failed solar cell module is detected from the result of the current detection. Also the solar cell module is provided with a temperature detector capable of detecting the temperature of the bypass diode and the temperature of an internal portion of the solar cell module other than the bypass diode. In this way, it is possible to detect a failure in the solar cell module easily and precisely, and also to detect short circuit failure in the solar cell.

Abstract: The present invention is a visualization luminous device adapted for electric motors of equipments supplied by three-phase voltage, allowing a person to visualize with certainty whether there is presence of voltage downstream blades of a disconnecting switch or circuit breakers which had been placed in an off-position.

Abstract: This invention relates to a limited range low voltage testing, regulating, and indicating device comprising a detector and low voltage measurer of magnitude in a switch-regulated power supply circuit wherein indicator LEDs are operated directly from a power supply wherein continually increasing current draw provided by shunt switching operates to cause the first display LEDs to “fade” in an overlapping pattern of activation, in and out with slight voltage changes. Increased voltage causes a second LED to turn on. Further increased voltage causes the second LED to turn off and a third LED to turn on. Shunt and series connected voltage regulators selectively exert control over the LEDs.

Abstract: A pressure sensor is supplied with a supply voltage from a system control circuit having the function for changing the supply voltage. When the supply voltage is within a predetermined voltage range, the pressure sensor outputs the detection signal corresponding to the pressure to be measured and outputs a predetermined voltage which is irrespective of the pressure. More specifically, the system control circuit outputs the supply voltage at a value outside a predetermined voltage range in a diagnostic mode, that is, a value which is higher than the measuring mode, in order to turn on the transistors Q1 and Q2 to supply the predetermined voltage to the system control circuit to detect an error caused by increase in contact resistance between the pressure sensor and the system control circuit.

Abstract: A system providing an alarm indication for a base transceiver station comprising: a voltage actuated device for sensing power to a tower mounted amplifier (TMA); and an alarm board for sensing an alarm initiated from the voltage actuated device. A method provided for alarm indication for a based transceiver station comprising: triggering a voltage actuated device to provide an alarm upon a loss of power and providing the alarm from the voltage actuated device to an alarm board. A method provided for connecting an alarm for a power out linear amplifier comprising: connecting a voltage actuated device to a power out linear amplifier; connecting the voltage actuated device to an alarm board; connecting the alarm board to a mobile switching center; and connecting the mobile switching center to a diagnostic tool.