Abstract: If acquisition of measured position and time data (position/time) from a position detection unit fails, a “GPS OFF mode” is set, and the latest position and time data is stored as start data. Thereafter, when the position and time data is obtained successfully, and the operation is recovered from the “GPS OFF mode”, the “GPS OFF mode” is cancelled. Also, the obtained position and time data (restoration data) is stored. Monitor data is formed from the start data and the restoration data. The monitor data is transmitted to a management center through road-vehicle communication. Also, history data of the position and time stored in the position detection unit during the “GPS OFF mode” is read. If the history data satisfies the toll charging condition, the toll charging data is formed and is transmitted to the management center.

Abstract: A system for providing directed advertising or informational messages specific to individual persons or vehicles. The system encompasses a sensing and evaluation mechanism to detect persons or vehicles, in conjunction with a billboard or other display device capable of delivering a message specific to one or more individuals.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave absorber for use in the high frequency range above 1 Ghz and a composite member are characterized by the fact that magnetic metal grains are covered with ceramic above 20 volume %. Further, a method of manufacturing the electromagnetic absorber and the composite member is characterized by the fact that composite magnetic particles, in which a plurality of magnetic metal grains and ceramic are unified, are formed through a mechanical alloying method applied to a composite powder composed of magnetic metal powder and ceramic powder. The electromagnetic wave absorber can be used in a semiconductor device, an optical sending module, an optical receiving module, an optical sending and receiving module, an automatic tollgate in which erroneous operation due to electromagnetic wave disturbance is provided by use of the electromagnetic wave absorber.

Abstract: A portable terminal of this invention has a portable phone control section which performs processing for a portable phone via a radio wave in a certain frequency band. This portable terminal also has a transmission section and a reception section which have respective functions as an on-board machine in an electronic toll collection system and transacts ETC information on automatic toll collection to and from a radio equipment installed at a tollgate via a radio wave in a different frequency band. A common control unit also provided in the portable terminal controls switching between the functions as the terminal and the machine according to the frequency band of the received radio wave. Thus, the electronic toll collection system can be used by the user at a low cost, and also established as the infrastructure.

Abstract: A system for determining a kind of vehicle and a method therefore, including a vehicle detection unit for detecting a vehicle which reaches to a vehicle detection region on a roadway, a wheel shaft number counting unit for counting a number of wheel shafts of the detected vehicle, an image photographing unit for photographing a front or rear image of the detected vehicle and a vehicle kind determination unit for yielding distances and widths of the tires of the detected vehicle on the basis of the photographed image from the image photographing unit and determining the kind of the vehicle on the basis of the number of wheel shafts detected from the wheel shaft counting unit and the yielded distance and width values can precisely determine the kind of vehicle traveling the roadway.

Abstract: A method for transmitting data packets between motor vehicles includes transmitting individual data packets including vehicle data and generation data for the individual data packets. Other motor vehicles may combine the individual data packets into combined data packets and transmit them. The data packets may include fields, each of which may include data-packet generation data and vehicle data. To allow processing to be performed in the transmitting/receiving stations in motor vehicles. Permanently installed radio stations allow a main station to supply information columns at clearly defined points with traffic information to inform users outside of the roads.

Abstract: To obtain a communication method which makes it possible to perform continuously communication through roadside antennas alternately arranged for a time sharing operation. Roadside antennas are arranged so that communication ranges are suitably overlapped for making the time sharing operation possible, and an on-vehicle device searches a communication frame from an adjacent next antenna during the communication with one of the roadside antennas at the overlapping point, and in the case where an FCMS can continuously be received, a switching from the communicating antenna to the adjacent antenna is instantaneously performed to make it possible to continue the communications between the roadside devices and the on-vehicle device.

Abstract: An automatic car toll paying method is provided. Before a car enters a toll road or bridge, the user previously calls a specific number representing a log in of an automatic charging through a on-vehicle cellular communication equipment and then hangs up, and after leaving the toll road, the user calls a specific number representing a log out of the automatic charging. Continuously, wherein said on-vehicle cellular communication equipment has been logged in automatic charging when said car enters cell governing area of a communication coverage covering a toll station, the cellular base station will inform the billing center to automatically chargeback from an account connected to the on-vehicle cellular communication equipment or record the toll of the passing car.

Abstract: A wireless data input system has one or more switches on a keypad or the like and a number of individually addressable RFID tags. Each switch operates to enable a corresponding subset of the individually addressable RFID transponder tags, such that a unique permutation of tag codes recognized by a RFID reader identifies actuation of each particular switch or key.

Abstract: A channel search in an intelligent transportation system is disclosed. A roadside unit (RSU) currently communicating with an on-board unit (OBU) or a server connected to the RSU predicts a direction in which the OBU is moving, searches or recognizes an RSU managing the predicted OBU and channel information and/or service information of the RSU, and transmits the searched or recognized information to the OBU. Therefore, when the OBU enters a new communication zone, the OBU communicates with the corresponding RSU by applying the previously received channel information. As a result, the OBU is informed of the channels of the next RSU in advance, thereby reducing a channel search time and receiving a wanted service.

Abstract: The vehicle security inspection system may include multiple automated detection devices for detecting explosives, weapons, contraband, etc. which may be contained on or within a motor vehicle. The system includes a tunnel or enclosure with a moving conveyor therein. A motor vehicle is driven into the entrance to the enclosure, and conveyed past the series of sensors by the conveyor belt. One or more surveillance cameras may be installed in the enclosure, as well. The various sensors incorporated therein check the vehicle for illegal articles, and the vehicle is released from the enclosure. A control gate may be provided as a door at the exit of the enclosure, and/or as a gate guiding vehicles along their intended route or to a detention area, as appropriate. The system may be provided either as a portable device or as a permanent installation, and/or may be configured as a multiple lane inspection system.

Abstract: A mobile telephone 5 for conducting communications using a mobile telephone network is attached to a hand-free unit 4. A processing section 31 recognizes the personal identification number stored in a storage section 33 and the personal identification number voiced by a passenger by a voice recognition section 34, and collates the personal identification number with the personal identification number previously stored in the storage section 33 to perform authentication processing. If the passenger is authenticated, communications with a center system 2 are conducted through the mobile telephone 5, and payment processing is performed with the center system 2.

Abstract: A handheld reader for testing the validity of a transponder in a mobile communications system, such as an electronic toll collection system. The handheld reader interrogates the transponder under test and receives a response signal. The response signal contains a data string having a sequential plurality of fields, including one field earlier in the sequence than another field. The handheld reader tests the later field for validity and, if invalid, tests the earlier field for validity. Based upon the results of the tests, the handheld reader outputs an indicator signal that provides an assessment of the degree of validity of the data string.

Abstract: The invention relates to a debiting device, which is arranged in a vehicle to deduct such tolls as are payable for the utilization of those road sections that are chargeable within a road network, and which comprises the following device modules permanently installed in the vehicle: vehicle box (1) external communications module (2) and holding module (3) and a mobile, electronic, toll device (4), which can be inserted into said holding module (3) and which can be easily removed again from the same.

Abstract: When car navigation device 100 detects that a vehicle has passed a toll gate, car navigation device 100 outputs a toll gate passage signal. When mobile communication terminal 200 receives the toll gate passage signal, mobile communication terminal 200 accesses from charge server 400 an entity of electronic toll collection system, the latest information on the balance in the prepaid account of the customer.

Abstract: In an ETC on-vehicle device (1), notification of toll amount information is given with a sound production pattern of a buzzer (17). The toll information resulting from toll collection being conducted with a road antenna is converted to a sound production pattern by a CPU (11). For example, if the toll is 12,300 yen, the buzzer (17) sounds once with a long sound, twice with a middle sound, and three times with a short sound.

Abstract: A plurality of roadside wireless devices are provided on a roadside of an entry of a toll area. A first roadside wireless device, which communicates with a vehicle-mounted device over wireless communication, sends unique information obtained from the vehicle-mounted device to a second roadside wireless device located, downstream to the first roadside wireless device, along a moving direction of the vehicle. The second roadside wireless device checks if unique information on the vehicle-mounted device obtained from the vehicle-mounted device matches the unique information on vehicle-mounted device notified from the first roadside wireless device to judge if the moving direction is a direction of entry into a toll area and charges the vehicle-mounted device for toll only when it is judged that the moving direction is the direction of entry into the toll area.

Abstract: An electronic tolling system includes an in-car communicating device in a vehicle, a roadside transmitting unit and a roadside confirm unit positioned in front of a tollbooth, and a toll managing center making two-way communication with the communicating device. The in-car communicating device receives the signal of the transmitting unit and transmits data of the user and the date of transaction to the toll managing center, which then receives and confirms the data and then feeds back a confirm signal. The vehicle transmits the confirm signal to the confirm unit when passing by the confirm unit so as to pass through the tollbooth smoothly. If the confirm unit does not receive the confirm signal from the toll managing center, it starts an automatic photographing system to take picture of the vehicle for an evidence of no toll payment.

Abstract: A pathway-based method, apparatus and system for tracking, sensing and communicating with an object, such as a carriage or vehicle moving on a pathway. The system includes a transmitter winding along the pathway that is energized by a transmitter and one or more sensing windings in which a signal is induced. The vehicle contains a transducer that creates a position-indicating coupling of the transmitted signal into the sensing windings. The transducer may be a passive ferromagnetic or conductive body that locally alters coupling between the windings, or a tuned coil carried on the vehicle that couples energy received from the transmitter into a sensing winding. Absolute position may be established at regular intervals using a discrete position sensor, such as a Hall Effect magnetic field sensor, and, the signal derived from the sensing windings can be monitored, by counting cycles or determining phase, to determine a precise vehicle position.

Abstract: An antenna portion 46 retaining in a tip portion thereof antenna coils 49 configured to perform wireless communication with an IC card through an electromagnetic coupling is structured to be freely movable forward/backward between a protruding position above a lane and a retracted position in an unit. An antenna head portion 48 of the antenna unit 46 protrudes above the lane and the antenna coils 49 become close to a vehicle on the lane, so that a distance between the driver of a vehicle and the antenna coils 49 is shortened and the user can present an IC card 80 inside a communication distance of an antenna without any difficulty.

Abstract: An advertisement presenting and charging system includes an instrument C/U and a navigator provided in a motor vehicle, and a display device obtaining information from the instrument C/U and the navigator. The display device is connected to a timer detecting time and an operation switch for changeover between operation and non-operation of the display device. The display device is connected to an ETC unit and an ETC antenna, so that a plurality of advertisement data are sent to the display device when the display device communicates with an ETC fixed station. The ETC fixed station sends an entrance data including an advertisement data to the display device, and the display device sends an exit data including a traveling section, a traveling time, a traveling distance to the ETC fixed station.

Abstract: In an advanced-cruise-assist highway system, an AHS center facility, which is an upper facility for on-road facilities, periodically receives diagnostic information from the on-road facilities, and when it is determined that any on-road facility is in the faulty state, communicates the information that the on-road facility is in the faulty state to on-road facilities upstream from the faulty on-road facility, and the on-road facilities having received the information on the fault in the downstream on-road facility communicates the information that the downstream on-road facility is in the faulty state via a road-to-vehicle communication facility to AHS vehicles having the possibility of entering a zone under control by the faulty on-road facility. Further the information that the downstream on-road facility is in the faulty state is displayed on information board which can be recognize by vehicles having the possibility of entering a zone under control by the faulty on-road facility.

Abstract: A vehicle-roadside service providing system enables a user to use even a service which is not accommodated by on-board service client equipment installed on a vehicle. A service host equipment (1) stores a service sequence that describes the content of a service. Service client equipment (6) acquires the service sequence from the service host equipment (1) through DSRC equipment (5a, 5b) at the times of execution of the service. The service sequence is sequentially executed by sequence step executing parts (4, 10) while performing data transmission and reception through communications between the service host equipment (1) and the service client equipment (6) based on the service sequence. Information insufficient in the course of the service is received from the user by a human interface part (7).

Abstract: A geographic information service system is disclosed, having a geographic information supply server that supplies geographic information by certain regions; an Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) terminal that transmits registration information service requests and geographic information service requests from a vehicle; a Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) base station that communicates bi-directionally with the ETC terminal by a DSRC method; and a DSRC server in communication with the DSRC base station that analyzes a message transmitted from the DSRC base station and supplies a requested geographic information service by communicating with the geographic information supply server.

Abstract: A vehicular traffic control server includes monitoring means tariff, adjusting means in communication with the monitoring means, and notifying means in communication with the tariff adjusting means. The monitoring means is configured to monitor at least one traffic congestion parameter of a roadway having a road tariff. The tariff adjusting means is configured to adjust the road tariff in accordance with the monitored traffic congestion parameter. The notifying means is configured to notify at least one motorist of the adjusted road tariff.

Abstract: A vehicle communication device is installed in a vehicle and used for an ETC or other DSRC system. The vehicle communication device can be switched between a normal mode and a radio wave emitting mode. The vehicle communication device in the normal mode transmits a response signal in response to receiving a pilot signal from a roadside radio device. The vehicle communication device in the emitting mode continuously emits a radio wave through the windshield of the vehicle independently of whether it receives the pilot signal from the roadside radio device, and a checking device receives the radio wave. The checking device determines whether the intensity of the received radio wave is greater than a predetermined threshold. The result of the determination is reported to a staff in a service or repair shop so that a shop staff can determine whether the vehicle communication device can be used for the ETC or other DSRC system based on the reported result.

Abstract: A parking system includes a wireless communications device capable of accessing a server over the Internet and a software application for receiving parking data transmitted over the Internet to the wireless communications device. The wireless communications device can render the parking data as a substantially real-time representation indicating an occupancy condition of an available parking lot. The occupancy condition changes according to presence and absence of vacant parking spaces within the available parking lot.

Abstract: A vehicle-mounted apparatus of a dedicated short-range communications system is capable of informing a discount of an amount of toll to a user. The apparatus includes a radio communication part for communicating with road-side radio equipment, an IC card storing therein traffic histories, a control part for processing data received from the radio communication part, an account instruction part for generating an account instruction based on the data from the control part, a discount instruction part for generating a discount instruction based on the data from the control part, a display part and an audio part for informing an account and a discount to the user based on the instruction from the account instruction part and the instruction from the discount instruction part, and a buzzer part for notifying a condition of passage of a vehicle through a toll gate to the user by performing an account or a discount.

Abstract: The present invention intends to provide an electronic toll collection system for suppressing multi-path. For this end, the electronic toll collection system automatically collects tolls by establishing wireless communication between a roadside antenna 23 of a toll gate and a vehicle unit 33 installed in a traveling vehicle. It features a road-to-vehicle wireless communication zone of the tollgate covered with a structure 22 including radio wave absorbing material. The inner surface is preferably made from a radio wave absorbing member 11 including a mixture 13 of magnetic material and synthetic rubber. The roadside antenna 23 is installed inside the structure 22, thereby enabling the roadside antenna 23 to wireless communicate only with ETC vehicles traveling in the structure 22 and preventing multi-path between the roadside antenna 23 and vehicles traveling outside the structure 22 (or outside the communication zone).

Abstract: Images of objects existing behind a first vehicle are detected to obtain distance data on the objects in relation to the first vehicle for recognizing one of the objects as a second vehicle travelling behind the first vehicle based on the distance data. The type of the second vehicle travelling behind is determined in size based on the images. It is further determined whether the second vehicle is an emergency vehicle based on the images.

Abstract: An electronic toll collection system and method for rental vehicles used with known electronic and computerized toll collection systems. The steps of the overall method include registering a rental vehicle that is part of an electronic toll collection system, clearing and resetting the electronic toll collection system upon receipt of a rental vehicle, driving the rental vehicle and accumulating electronic toll collection data and returning the rental vehicle and paying a fee based on the accumulated electronic toll collection data.

Abstract: A method for providing information to a user of a fuel pump includes steps of: (A) performing an initial step of bidirectionally coupling a microprocessor of the fuel pump to a communications network, the communications network having a plurality of remote computers bidirectionally coupled thereto; (B) entering a user's information request into the microprocessor of the fuel pump; (C) transmitting data representing the information request from the microprocessor of the fuel pump to the communications network; (E) directing the data representing the request to a remote computer over the communications network; (F) fulfilling the information request with the remote computer and transmitting the requested information back to the microprocessor of the fuel pump over the communication network; and (G) using an output device of the fuel pump, presenting the requested information to the user in a human perceptible format.

Abstract: An on-vehicle emergency report apparatus, an emergency communication apparatus and an emergency report system are disclosed. The emergency report apparatus includes an emergency situation prediction unit for predicting the possibility of a vehicle involved encountering an emergency situation, a report control unit and a communication unit. The communication is established based upon the determination of the emergency situation prediction unit, which predicts the possibility of the vehicle encountering an emergency situation a predetermined time later, based on at least one of the feature quantities including the distance between the vehicle involved and the vehicle running immediately ahead, the relative speed, the relative acceleration, the speed of the vehicle involved, the brake pedal stroke, the steering wheel angle and the expression of the driver.

Abstract: A road antenna apparatus includes a road antenna 104 which is mounted on a post 103 and at an elevated position on a road R and establishes radio communication with an on-vehicle radio device 102 mounted in a vehicle 101 which is traveling over the road; and a laser-beam emitting device 111 which is mounted on the road antenna and radiates a laser beam onto a predetermined position 113 on the surface of the road. An offset in the angle at which a road antenna is mounted can be readily ascertained on the basis of a distance between a predetermined position on the surface of the road and a position 114 on the road surface onto which a laser beam is actually radiated.

Abstract: A vehicle traffic sensor for detecting and monitoring vehicular targets is presented. The sensor employs a planar design resulting in a reduced profile sensor. The sensor includes a multi-layer radio frequency board with RF components on one of the sides and both isolation and planar array antennas on the opposing side. The antennas are preferably tapered planar array antennas which include one transmit antenna and one receive antenna. The sensor also includes at least one logic or signal processing board populated with components on a first side and a ground plane on a second side positioned toward the RF componentry of the RF board to form an RF shield. The boards are housed within a housing that is permeable, at least on the side through which the antenna structures propagate.

Abstract: A gate apparatus for judging the entrance and exit of a vehicle, which is attached with a wireless tag that is stored with a data peculiar to the vehicle, and, on which an on-board unit having a wireless communication function is mounted. In the gate apparatus, the data peculiar to the vehicle is procured by the wireless communicating with the wireless tag, and the data of the on-board unit stored in the on-board unit and IC card data set in the on-board unit are procured by the wireless communicating with the on-board unit.

Abstract: In a vehicle-onboard dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) apparatus for the DSRC communication system, a command judgment unit of an electronic toll communication-security application module (ETC-SAM) judges the type of command included in a communication signal transmitted between a HOST and an IC card with user information held therein. A command control unit of the ETC-SAM controls whether the command is to be analyzed, according to a result of judgment by the command judgment unit. Therefore, it is possible to simplify a communication procedure and reduce a communication time.

Abstract: In an antenna apparatus and the electronic toll collection (hereinafter, abbreviated to an ETC) system using it, an antenna apparatus (2) is provided in a space over a lane (3) through which an automobile (1) having ETC on-vehicle equipment (10) passes. An antenna which the antenna apparatus has radiates a radio wave having a radio beam emitted area (21) of a radio wave to communicate with the ETC on-vehicle equipment and, thereby, electronic toll collection is performed for the passing automobile. It is an object of the present invention to provide an antenna apparatus which is controllable so that the ETC on-vehicle equipment is in the center of the radio beam emitted area of the antenna apparatus, and also to provide an ETC system using it. The antenna apparatus integrates an antenna and a light emitting unit.

Abstract: An RF roadway toll collection system uses an upstream reader to communicate with a vehicle borne transponder carrying a Smart Card to calculate the toll and debit the Smart Card balance in the amount of the toll payment required. A transaction manager is notified of the toll payment from the upstream reader and notifies a downstream reader of the vehicle identification and payment status. The downstream reader confirms the vehicle identification and payment status and signals if the toll has been paid.

Abstract: A road antenna apparatus includes a road antenna 104 which is mounted on a post 103 and at an elevated position on a road R and establishes radio communication with an on-vehicle radio device 102 mounted in a vehicle 101 which is traveling over the road; A controller controls a level of a transmission output signal of the antenna based on a receiving rate of the transmission output signal. A laser-beam emitting device 111 is mounted on the road antenna and radiates a laser beam onto the surface of the road. A laser-beam receiving device mounted on the road receives the laser beam emitted from the laser-beam emitting device. The controller stops the operation of the antenna when the laser-beam receiver device cannot receive the laser beam.

Abstract: A system for automatic collection of tolls includes an in-vehicle toll processor having memory for storing a toll-money-available quantity purchased by the user, and a toll-facility-identification site that transmits a toll-facility-identifier signal indicating the identity of the upcoming toll facility. As the vehicle approaches the identification site, the in-vehicle processor receives the identifier signal and calculates the toll to be debited. When the vehicle passes through the toll facility, the in-vehicle processor transmits its identity, its net balance and the toll, which it debits from an account balance. The in-vehicle processor may increment a low balance, in which case it transmits information which is relayed to a central system for billing. Various means for shutting down delinquent in-vehicle components or identifying offender vehicles are described.

Abstract: A parking control system is disclosed. The parking control system comprises a plurality of vehicles. A portion of the plurality of vehicles occupies parking spaces in a parking lot. At least one of the vehicles is attempting to park in a parking space of the parking lot. At least one of the plurality of vehicles is capable of a two-way communication. The parking control system also includes a parking controller. The parking controller receives and provides information to the plurality of vehicles. The parking controller can communicate the most appropriate parking space to the vehicle that is attempting to park. In a method and system in accordance with the present invention, a parking controller monitors a parking lot and can be in direct contact with the vehicles. The parking controller receives and transmits information to and from the vehicles and allows for an overall view of the parking lot to be understood.

Abstract: A method and system for providing information to an individual using an electronic sign in which the sign displays information in response to the identity of the tag or an account associated with the tag. The information is displayed when the tag, which may be carried by the individual or in a vehicle, approaches the sign. A user can preselect from among various information types he wishes to receive, such as news, weather, sports and personal messages. The user can also select a priority for each information type.

Abstract: A charge applicable area Z is formed from a core area 50 and a buffer area 52 whose width r is set in accordance with the amount of error in the position recognition of a GPS in order that a charge is only applied to a vehicle that has entered a charge applicable area Z and that no charge is applied to a vehicle outside this area. As a result, when a vehicle is located outside the charge applicable area, although the recognized position existence probability circle 54 used in the GPS position detection may overlap with the buffer area 52, it does not go as far as the core area 50. Accordingly, even if the vehicle is recognized as being in the buffer area 52, it is possible that the vehicle is not actually located inside the charge applicable area, therefore no specifying that the vehicle is located inside the charge applicable area is authorized.

Abstract: A vehicle identifier having a substantially flat carrier with at least one labeling field and an identification to identify a vehicle. The identification is applied on the at least one labeling field. An electronic data carrier carries data associated with the identification and is mounted on the identification carrier. The data are at least readable by a reading device in a contact-free manner. A process for manufacturing a vehicle identifier includes, in a first step, adhering an electronic data carrier carrying data associated with an identification to identify a vehicle to a protective covering. Furthermore, the electronic data carrier is applied onto an identification carrier such that the electronic data carrier is sandwiched between the protective covering and the identification carrier.

Abstract: A method for increasing the interrogation range of an RF Tag in a radio communication system using RF Tags with multiple reflecting antenna elements. The reflecting antenna elements are predeterminately positioned, and preferably aligned, with respect to each other in the direction of expected incident RF radiation. The reflecting antenna elements are sequentially pulsed on and off such that while the first reflecting antenna element is in a signal reflecting operating state, the remaining reflecting antenna elements are in a substantially non-reflecting state, and when the second reflecting element is in a reflecting operating state, the remaining reflecting elements are in a non-reflecting state, etc. The sequential pulsing and predetermined fixed spacing between the reflector elements generates constructive interference between the reflected signals of the reflecting antenna elements which increases the power of the resulting reflected signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides an on-board DSRC apparatus for communicating with the associated one of on-road communication machines, in which the on-board DSRC apparatus is capable of coping readily with the repurchase of a vehicle, and with the change of the preference of a user while maintaining a communication area fixed before and after having changed the type of, the on-board DSRC apparatus, and has high degree of freedom of installation of the body of the on-board DSRC apparatus. A body of an on-board DSRC apparatus which is connected to an antenna unit includes a transmission unit and a reception unit which are associated with the antenna unit.

Abstract: A method and system for providing information to an individual using an electronic sign in which the sign displays information in response to the identity of the tag or an account associated with the tag. The information is displayed when the tag, which may be carried by the individual or in a vehicle, approaches the sign. A user can preselect from among various information types he wishes to receive, such as news, weather, sports and personal messages. The user can also select a priority for each information type.

Abstract: System for data transfer between one or more objects moving along a path and one or more fixed communication stations located along said path, wherein each object is provided with a transmitter/receiver combination, the transmitter of which is coupled to an identity code generator and the receiver of which is coupled to a data processing unit, and wherein each communication station is provided with a transmitter/receiver combination, the transmitter of which is coupled to a message generator and the receiver of which is coupled to an identity code recognition unit, wherein the transmitter/receiver of each object is continually activated, at least in the vicinity of the communication station, such that successively, in an alternating series of first and second periods, the transmitter transmits an identity code, originating from the identity code generator, in a first period and the receiver is ready to receive any responses in a second period, wherein, furthermore, the receiver of each station is continually

Abstract: Method and communications controller for processing of encoded information by a battery-powered active transponder. It is particularly provided for the application within a transponder system for the wireless payment of road toll, whereby the transponder over an antenna receives modulated microwave radiation of preset frequency for obtaining an input signal which is demodulated for obtaining a binary input data sequence. This is then fed to a digital processor (microcontroller) operated by a processing clock of preset clock frequency, for decoding and generating of a binary output data sequence, from which within a certain duration as an answer to the received input signal an output signal is formed, which is transmitted over the antenna of the transponder.