Abstract: Provided is An apparatus for assisting driving of a host vehicle, the apparatus comprising: a camera mounted to the host vehicle and having a field of view in front of the host vehicle, the camera configured to acquire image data; and a controller including a processor configured to process the image data, and configured to receive a map on which the host vehicle travels from a server, compare a speed limit included in the map with a speed limit included in the image data, and control a display of the host vehicle so as to display the speed limit based on the image data.

Abstract: Among other things, we describe techniques for traffic light estimation using range sensors. A planning circuit of a vehicle traveling on a first drivable region that forms an intersection with a second drivable region receives information sensed by a range sensor of the vehicle. The information represents a movement state of an object through the intersection. A traffic signal at the intersection controls movement of objects through the intersection. The planning circuit determines a state of the traffic signal at the intersection based, in part, on the received information. A control circuit controls an operation of the vehicle based, in part, on the state of the traffic signal at the intersection.

Abstract: A system for extended time scale event detection includes a data storage device and a processor. The data storage device is configured to store sensor data associated with a vehicle. The processor is configured to analyze an extended time period of the sensor data to identify minor events. The minor events are detected using a minor event threshold. The processor is further configured to determine whether there are more than a threshold number of the minor events and, in the event there are more than a threshold number of the minor events, flag the minor events.

Abstract: Provided is a vehicle management system including a plurality of vehicles that execute different functions, and an event information server that transmits event occurrence information. The vehicles execute the same function corresponding to the event occurrence information, when a priority of a function corresponding to the event occurrence information received from the event information server is higher than a priority of a function currently being executed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for providing an image representation (15) of an environment (7) of a vehicle (1), wherein the environment (7) of the vehicle (1) is captured at least partly, an image representation (15) of at least one first part (10a) of the captured environment (7) is provided within a defined viewport (10) from a defined perspective (11), wherein the image representation (15) includes a vehicle representation (14) representing the vehicle (1), and wherein the image representation (15) is displayed on a display device (12). Further, when providing the image representation (15) at least one second part (16a) of the captured environment (7) is represented in form of a mirrored image (18) of the at least one second part (16a) of the environment (7) on a defined region (17, 19, 20) of the vehicle representation (14).

Abstract: A photovoltaic device including a photovoltaic cell and method of use is disclosed. The photovoltaic cell includes at least a first photovoltaic layer and a second photovoltaic layer arranged in a stack. The first photovoltaic layer has a first thickness and receives light at its top surface. A second photovoltaic layer has a second thickness and is disposed beneath the first photovoltaic layer and receives light passing through the first photovoltaic layer. The first thickness and the second thickness are selected so that a first light absorption at the first photovoltaic layer is equal to a second light absorption at the second photovoltaic layer. The photovoltaic cell is irradiated at its top surface with monochromatic light to generate a current.

Abstract: Provided is a vehicle management system including a plurality of vehicles that execute different functions, and an event information server that transmits event occurrence information. The vehicles execute the same function corresponding to the event occurrence information, when a priority of a function corresponding to the event occurrence information received from the event information server is higher than a priority of a function currently being executed.

Abstract: Systems and methods for cooperative ramp merger are described. In one embodiment, a system includes a swarm module, position module, identification module, constraint module, and cooperative module. The swarm module causes a host vehicle to join cooperating vehicles of proximate vehicles to assist the merging vehicle. A position module identifies relative positions of the host vehicle and the proximate vehicles. An identification module selects a role for the host vehicle based on the relative positions of the host vehicle and the cooperating vehicles and identifies a duplicate role. A constraint module calculates a merge location area based on the relative positions of the host vehicle and the proximate vehicles and the ramp location and a duplicate sequence based on the duplicate role. A cooperative module determines a cooperative action for the host vehicle based on the role of the host vehicle, the merge location area, and the duplicate role.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes: an object detection section that performs convolution computation on an input image based on a captured image obtained by capturing the image with a camera, and that detects an object; a feature map validation section that performs feature map validation validating a likelihood that the input image contains the object on the basis of a feature map obtained by the convolution computation; a time series validation section that performs time series validation validating a result of the feature map validation performed by the feature map validation section in time series; and a detection result correction section that corrects a detection result about the object output by the object detection section on the basis of a result of the time series validation performed by the time series validation section.

Abstract: Systems and methods for connected vehicle and mobile device communications are provided herein. An example method includes determining a distracted condition for at least one of a driver or a pedestrian by evaluating actions occurring within in a vehicle of the driver or on a mobile device of the pedestrian; determining a distraction level for either the driver or the pedestrian based on the actions occurring within in the vehicle or on the mobile device; and providing an alert message to the mobile device or a human machine interface of the vehicle based on the distraction level, the alert message warning of a distracted condition of the pedestrian or the driver.

Abstract: A method and a system for vehicle-to-pedestrian collision avoidance system, the system comprising participants consisting of Long-Term Evolution (LTE)-capable user equipment (UE) terminals physically linked to at least one vehicle and at least one pedestrian; wherein a spatiotemporal positioning of the terminals is determined from Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular radio signals mediated by Long-Term Evolution (LTE) cellular base stations (BS) and a Location Service Client (LCS) server including an embedded Artificial Intelligence algorithm comprising a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) algorithm and analyzes the spatiotemporal positioning of the terminals and determines the likely future trajectory and communicates the likely future trajectory of the participants to the terminals physically linked to the pedestrian; the terminals physically linked to the pedestrian include an embedded Artificial Intelligence algorithm comprising a Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) algorithm to determine if the likely future traj

Abstract: A vehicle-mounted display apparatus includes a display panel, a geographic position acquisition circuit, a processor, and a display panel driving circuit. The geographic position acquisition circuit acquires a current geographic position of a vehicle. The processor determines whether the current geographic position of the vehicle is within a stored geographic range, and if so, generates a first control signal. The display panel driving circuit controls the display panel to display the vehicle information upon receiving the first control signal from the processor. The vehicle information includes at least one of vehicle license information and a pseudo mobile phone number.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus and method for license plate recognition-based vehicle control is provided. The electronic apparatus controls at least one of a plurality of image capture devices to capture one or more images of one or more second vehicles different from a first vehicle. The electronic apparatus detects a license plate of a second vehicle of the one or more second vehicles in the captured one or more images. The electronic apparatus further determines a depth map of the detected license plate of the second vehicle of the one or more second vehicles with respect to the first vehicle. The electronic apparatus further detects one or more events related to the second vehicle based on the determined depth map and controls one or more operations of the first vehicle based on the detected one or more events related to the second vehicle.

Abstract: A device, system and method for controlling a communication device to provide notifications of successful documentation of events is provided. The device receives a type of a recognized event occurring at a location of an edge device. The device determines, based on the type of the recognized event, one or more multimedia data types for collection to document the recognized event. The device causes the edge device to collect multimedia data of the one or more multimedia data types. The device receives an indication that the multimedia data has been stored successfully. The device determines whether the multimedia data has successfully documented the recognized event. When the multimedia data has successfully documented the recognized event, the device controls the edge device to provide a notification of successful documentation of the recognized event.

Abstract: Systems and methods for system for controlling a traffic grid, the system comprising a traffic grid including a first roadway and a second roadway, the second roadway crossing the first roadway at an intersection; a special transit lane included within at least one of the first roadway and the second roadway, the special transit lane being configured to share both personal vehicular traffic and special vehicular traffic; a detector configured to detect the presence of a special vehicle within a detection zone, which detection zone is formed within the special transit lane in a predetermined area proximate to the intersection; and a signal light proximate to the intersection configured to control traffic traveling through the intersection, the signal light having a controller; wherein the controller controls the signal light to operate in a first mode of operation based, at least in part, on a detection of a special vehicle by the detector within the detection zone.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for enhancing image contrast, including: dividing an input image into a plurality of input sub-images, each of the plurality of input sub-images corresponding to a gray value distribution range, the gray value distribution ranges of the respective input sub-images being different from each other, and each input sub-image comprising all pixels, among pixels of the input image, whose gray values are within the gray value distribution range of the input sub-image; performing an equalization processing on each of the plurality of input sub-images, and obtaining a plurality of output sub-images corresponding to the plurality of input sub-images, respectively, based on a result of the equalization processing; and merging the plurality of output sub-images to obtain an output image corresponding to the input image. The present disclosure further provides a device for enhancing image contrast, a display apparatus, and a computer-readable storage medium.

Abstract: Systems, methods, devices and computer readable media for determining a geographical location of a license plate are described herein. A first image of a license plate is acquired by a first image acquisition device of a camera unit and a second image of the license plate is acquired by a second image acquisition device of the camera unit. A three-dimensional position of the license plate relative to the camera unit is determined based on stereoscopic image processing of the first image and the second image. A geographical location of the camera unit is obtained. A geographical location of the license plate is determined from the three-dimensional position of the license plate relative to the camera unit and the geographical location of the camera unit. Other systems, methods, devices and computer readable media for detecting a license plate and identifying a license plate are described herein.

Abstract: A computer includes a processor and a memory, the memory storing instructions executable by the processor to collect steering, speed, and position data about a plurality of vehicles from one or more infrastructure sensors, identify a vehicle that varies from a specified position in a roadway lane relative to a roadway lane marker or exceeds a threshold speed based on the collected data, instruct the identified vehicle to move to a side of a roadway, and send a message to a central server including an identification of the vehicle.

Abstract: A vehicular camera module configured for mounting at an exterior portion of a vehicle includes a housing, a camera disposed in the housing, and a transparent cover rotatably mounted at the housing. The camera views through the transparent cover. With the vehicular camera module mounted at the exterior portion of the vehicle, the camera views through the transparent cover in order to capture image data of a scene exterior of the vehicle. With the vehicular camera module mounted at the exterior portion of the vehicle, the transparent cover rotates relative to the camera and the housing at a rotational speed of at least 1,000 rotations per minute to at least partially remove water and/or debris from an outer surface of the transparent cover.

Abstract: Systems and methods for estimating velocity of an autonomous vehicle and state information of a surrounding vehicle are provided. In some aspects, the system includes a memory that stores instructions for executing processes for estimating velocity of an autonomous vehicle and state information of the surrounding vehicle and a processor configured to execute the instructions. In various aspects, the processes include: receiving image data from an image capturing device; performing a ground plane estimation by predicting a depth of points on a road surface based on an estimated pixel-level depth; determining a three-dimensional (3D) bounding box of the surrounding vehicle; determining the state information of the surrounding vehicle based on the ground plane estimation and the 3D bounding box; and determining the velocity of the autonomous vehicle based on an immovable object relative to the autonomous vehicle.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus including: one or more hardware processors; and a memory for storing instructions to be executed by the hardware processors, wherein when the instructions stored in the memory are executed by the hardware processors, the apparatus functions as: an acquiring unit configured to acquire image data; a derivation unit configured to derive an occurrence rate of a value corresponding to pixel data on a first region in each of a plurality of images corresponding to the image data acquired by the acquiring unit; and a determining unit configured to determine a value of the first region in a background image corresponding to the image data based on a plurality of values including a value on which a highest occurrence rate is derived by the derivation unit and a value on which an occurrence rate lower than the highest occurrence rate is derived by the derivation unit.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present application provides an image analysis method and device, and the method includes: receiving target information sent by a target image acquisition device; wherein the target information includes at least: a first image acquired by the target image acquisition device, and the identification information of the target image acquisition device; obtaining target area information corresponding to the identification information of the target image acquisition device according to a correspondence between pre-stored identification information of each image acquisition device and respective area information; in the first image, determining a second image corresponding to the target area information, and analyzing the second image.

Abstract: The system described herein can reduce network bandwidth usage when prioritizing data from an autonomous robotic system. The autonomous robotic system can identify predetermined events in data stream and extract portions of the data streams that include the events. The system can reduce network bandwidth usage by prioritizing transmission of only the extracted portions of the data streams rather than the full, raw data streams.

Abstract: Systems and methods for managing speed thresholds for a fleet of vehicles are disclosed. Input is used to provide associations between particular weather-relation conditions (such as rain) and arithmetic operations, that may be used to determine a current speed threshold as a function of a local posted speed limit at the current location of a vehicle. The current speed threshold is subsequently used to detect whether vehicles are exceeding the current speed threshold.

Abstract: A method for visual hazard avoidance of a road hazard is provided. The visual hazard avoidance is implemented by an on-road projection system, which is integrated into a vehicle. The on-road projection system includes a projector and a computing device. The on-road projection system implements the method while the vehicle is in motion. The computing device causes the projector to generate a projection on a road as the vehicle is approaching the road hazard. Note that the projection identifies a tire path of the vehicle. The computing device also causes the projector to terminate the projection on the road once the road hazard in passed.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for a distracted driver detection and alert system. In one aspect, a system includes a sensor that is located at the property and that is configured to generate sensor data that reflects an attribute of the property, and a monitor control unit that is configured to receive, from a traffic monitoring device, traffic monitoring data that reflects movement of a vehicle, classify, a driver of a vehicle as a distracted driver, determine that the vehicle is associated with the property and in response, determine, based on the sensor data and the traffic monitoring data, a likely identity of the driver, based on determining the likely identity of the driver, determine a classification of the driver, based on the classification of the driver, generate an alert, and provide, for output, the alert.

Abstract: The intended position and/or an intended alignment of at least one sensor for monitoring traffic at a traffic route is determined easily, quickly and reliably with the aid of computer technology. The methodology employed involves identification of a traffic route to be monitored in a data processing device, and requesting and providing data about the traffic route from a database. From this, at least one possible target position and/or target orientation is determined from the provided data. The methodology avoids the need to manually enter lanes and other local conditions of the traffic route. Instead, the data processing device recalls the required traffic data from a database, and based on manipulation of a graphical representation of the sensor by the user with the aid of the provided data and specified sensor characteristics an intended position and/or intended alignment of a sensor can be visualized and stored for later use during installation.

Abstract: The systems and methods provided herein are directed to the uploading and transmission of vehicle data to a remote system when a physiological event for a driver has been detected using one or more sensors. Information such as the driver's heart rate, temperature, voice inflection or facial expression may be monitored to detect the physiological event. Vehicle data, such as gathering or control system data, may be sent once the event has been detected. Selected vehicle data associated with the event or all data during the time of the event may be sent. After receiving the vehicle data, the remote system may process or store it where it may be used to modify automated driving functionalities.

Abstract: A power transmission apparatus includes a power transmission pad, a base structure, and grout. The power transmission pad for wireless power transmission has a cast resin frame, at least part of the cast resin frame being embedded in the ground. The base structure is disposed below the power transmission pad. The grout is filled around the power transmission pad, including a gap between an upper surface of the base structure and the power transmission pad.

Abstract: An n-lane automatic license plate recognition system (where n is an integer greater than one) and a method for dropping video frames in this system is disclosed. The method includes receiving, at an input of a first stage of a two-stage restrictor, a plurality of video frames. In the first stage of the two-stage restrictor, a subset of the plurality of video frames is dropped. An output of the first stage is coupled to an input of a second stage of the two-stage restrictor such that receiving and non-receiving of individual ones the plurality of video frames by the second stage is controlled by the first stage. In the second stage after the first stage, a further subset of the plurality of video frames is dropped to effect controlled frame input into a processor that performs at least one recognition analytic on remaining video frames of the plurality of video frames. The dropping of the further subset is based on at least one drop condition including a lane-specific drop condition.

Abstract: A transmission control apparatus for a vehicle includes: a speed prediction device that predicts speeds for each gear stage from a current position of the vehicle to a position of a speed camera based on a driving state of the vehicle when it is identified that the speed camera exists on a road ahead while an operation of an accelerator pedal is in an OFF state; and a controller that determines a transmission gear stage based on the predicted speeds for each gear stage and performs a transmission control operation of the vehicle based on the determined transmission gear stage.

Abstract: One or more techniques and/or systems are provided for training and/or utilizing a traffic obstruction identification model for identifying traffic obstructions based upon vehicle location point data. For example, a training dataset, comprising sample vehicle location points (e.g., global positioning system location points of vehicles) and traffic obstruction identification labels (e.g., locations of known traffic obstructions such as stop signs, crosswalks, stop lights, etc.), may be evaluated to extract a set of training features indicative of traffic flow patterns. The set of training features and the traffic obstruction identification labels may be used to train a traffic obstruction identification model to create a trained traffic obstruction identification model. The trained traffic obstruction identification model may be used to determine whether a road segment has a traffic obstruction or not.

Abstract: An intelligent street light structure includes an antenna, a data transmission system and wires. This makes the intelligent street light structure have a remote data transmission function and also effectively protect the antenna and the data transmission system provided therein again external invasion.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods for controlling a transparency of a window of a vehicle. The system may include a sensor for detecting a user of the vehicle in proximity to the vehicle. The system may also include a control system for controlling the transparency of the window based on the proximity of the user to the vehicle by adjusting a transmittance of a plurality of thin-film-transistors (TFTs) of the window to control the transparency of the window.

Abstract: In an information processing device mounted on a vehicle, a sign recognition section detects a traffic sign from image data captured by and transmitted from an in-vehicle camera. A judgment section detects a direction to a prohibited roadway/lane based on the detected traffic sign. To the prohibited roadway/lane the vehicle is prohibited from approaching and entering. An operation detection section predicts, as a predicted driver's operation, whether or not the driver intends to move the vehicle in the detected direction to the prohibited roadway/lane. A warning control section instructs a display and an audio speaker to provide warning information to the driver when the predicted driver's operation indicates that the driver intends to move the own vehicle toward the detected direction to the prohibited roadway/lane.

Abstract: Systems and methods herein remedy thermal constraints experienced by wireless communication systems operating in the millimeter wave spectrum. User equipment (UE) having a plurality of antenna subarrays controlled by respective RFICs monitor temperature gradients of respective sectors of the UE. Upon the thermal gradient of a sector reaching a temperature threshold, the UE performs thermal management steps to prevent hardware of a respective sector from damage due to overshoot.

Abstract: A subsampling motion detector configured to detect motion information of an object under measurement receives a first wireless radio frequency (RF) signal and transmits a second wireless RF signal, the first wireless RF signal being generated by reflecting the second wireless RF signal from the object. The subsampling motion detector includes a controllable oscillator outputting an oscillation signal, wherein the first wireless RF signal is injected to the controllable oscillator for controlling the controllable oscillator through injecting locking.

Abstract: An abnormality behind a shielding object is discovered. There is provided a monitoring system including a video acquirer, a detector, and a notifier. The video acquirer of the monitoring system acquires a video. The detector of the monitoring system detects entering of a target object into a blind spot generated by a shielding object in the video and appearance of the target object from the blind spot. If the target object does not appear from the blind spot even after a first time elapses since entering of the target object into the blind spot, the notifier of the monitoring system makes a notification.

Abstract: A group of consumers are identified before the members of the group enter a frictionless store on an outside premises of the store. In an embodiment, a registered account holder for a member of the group is passed to an indoor tracking system of the frictionless store when the group enters the store. In an embodiment, attributes of a potential group of consumers is passed to an indoor tracking system when the group enters the store without a registered account being identified.

Abstract: A method of displaying data in a data visualization computing system is described. Various methods of displaying the data are described including using a timeline, the data being aggregated based on time periods wherein the timeline consists of a plurality of time period sizes, the current selected time period covering the smallest time period, the period furthest on the timeline from the current selected period covering the largest time period, the timeline consisting of at least one time period of each time period size. Also described are improved methods of data selection and display.

Abstract: Electronic digital display systems, including roadside display devices, vehicle-based devices, personal mobile devices, intermediary servers, advertising servers, and/or additional external data sources may operate individually or in combination to identify one or more vehicle locations, driving routes, driver and passenger characteristics, and the like. Vehicle and individual characteristics may be determined based on data received from traffic cameras, vehicle-based devices, personal mobile devices, and/or other data sources. Based on the vehicle characteristics, individual characteristics, driving data and driving patterns, and the like, digital content may be determined for electronic roadside displays to be viewable by the approaching vehicles, and/or other digital display devices to be viewable by associated individuals via other display devices and at other times.

Abstract: A method for adjusting an outside mirror and inside rearview mirror comprising receiving pre-stored information, identifying the driver physical dimensions and preset at least one vehicle setting to the correctly engineered position for a the identified driver physical dimensions to avoid dangerous conditions from wrongly set device where the device is a rear view mirror and the dangerous condition is not seeing vehicles in adjacent lane when trying to change lanes and adapting the position of the rear view mirror as new information become available.

Abstract: A method, system and computer program for determining the orientation of an apparatus relative to a vehicle in which the apparatus is installed is disclosed. Acceleration data of the apparatus along three mutually orthogonal axes at a first time interval is recorded (100). Speed and heading data of the apparatus at a second time interval is recorded (100). A first vector which corresponds to the direction of gravity is determined (102) using the acceleration data. One or more periods of acceleration in a substantially straight line are identified (104) using the speed and heading data. Acceleration data corresponding to the identified one or more periods of acceleration in a substantially straight line is selected (106). A second vector which is orthogonal to the first vector and which corresponds to a forward direction of the vehicle is determined (110) using the selected acceleration data.

Abstract: A method and system for providing a feedback based dynamic pricing algorithm with an embedded controller for a HOT (High Occupancy Toll) lane. An input-output transfer function of a vehicle flow with respect to a HOT lane can be obtained utilizing a simulation module. A feedback controller combined with, for example, a Smith predictor can be designed to avoid an unstable behavior due to a time delay in the HOT lane, a price regulation, and a large transient caused by an integral part of the controller due to traffic jams. A driver behavior preference model can be derived based on a relationship between a toll rate and several characteristics of the HOT lane and a general purpose lane. The feedback controller and the behavior preference model can then be implemented to set the toll rate in real-time in order to satisfy a desired performance metric.

Abstract: Described herein is a vehicle system configured to identify and mitigate a risk associated with one or more hazards that may impact a vehicle. The vehicle system may include a service provider computer configured to maintain information related to one or more hazards. In some embodiments, a hazard may be identified based at least in part on its being located within the vicinity of a vehicle. In some embodiments, the service provider computer may generate a mitigation strategy to reduce or eliminate the risk posed by the identified hazard. The mitigation strategy may include one or more actions to be taken by a processor device within the vehicle. Upon being provided with a mitigation strategy, the processor device may execute one or more of the actions in the mitigation strategy without human interaction.

Abstract: A method of displaying data in a data visualization computing system is described. Various methods of displaying the data are described including using a timeline, the data being aggregated based on time periods wherein the timeline consists of a plurality of time period sizes, the current selected time period covering the smallest time period, the period furthest on the timeline from the current selected period covering the largest time period, the timeline consisting of at least one time period of each time period size. Also described are improved methods of data selection and display.

Abstract: Electronic digital display systems, including roadside display devices, vehicle-based devices, personal mobile devices, intermediary servers, advertising servers, and/or additional external data sources may operate individually or in combination to identify one or more vehicle locations, driving routes, driver and passenger characteristics, and the like. Vehicle and individual characteristics may be determined based on data received from traffic cameras, vehicle-based devices, personal mobile devices, and/or other data sources. Based on the vehicle characteristics, individual characteristics, driving data and driving patterns, and the like, digital content may be determined for electronic roadside displays to be viewable by the approaching vehicles, and/or other digital display devices to be viewable by associated individuals via other display devices and at other times.

Abstract: An approach is provided in which an information handling system detects a traffic infraction of a driver driving a vehicle. In turn, the information handling system forms an infraction detection zone that includes a set of traffic control devices, and sends a set of configuration parameters to the set of traffic control devices. The information handling system then uses vehicle identification data in the set of configuration parameters to identify driving behaviors of the driver through the infraction detection zone and issues a citation based upon the identified driving behaviors.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for predicting a driver's intention and future movements of a proximal vehicle, whether an automated vehicle or a human driven vehicle, are disclosed herein. A system for predicting future movements of a vehicle includes an intersection component, a camera system, a boundary component, and a prediction component. The intersection component is configured to determine that a parent vehicle is near an intersection. The camera system is configured to capture an image of the proximal vehicle. The boundary component is configured to identify a sub-portion of the image containing a turn signal indicator on the proximal vehicle. The prediction component is configured to predict future movement of the proximal vehicle through the intersection based on a state of the turn signal indicator.

Abstract: A network flow management system includes controllers that are each coupled to a subset of switch devices, and a flow management server system that is coupled to each of the controllers. The flow management server system collects first-level flow information for the switch devices from the controllers, and filters and structures the first-level flow information to generate second-level flow information. The flow management server system then analyzes the second-level flow information based on current flow operation policies that are configured to cause the switch devices to perform first flow operations and, in response, determines flow operation policy changes. The flow management server system then distributes updated flow operation policies that includes the flow operation policy changes to each of the controllers, where the updated flow operation policies cause the switch devices to perform second flow operation that are different than the first flow operations.